IL288304B2 - Disc pump - Google Patents

Description

DISC PUMP DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The claimed invention relates to a technique for pumping fluids, is a rotary pump and, more specifically, a disk pump.

From the prior art, a number of pumps are known that use discs as blades, the prototype of which can be a Tesla turbine. A number of designs are known, described in "Disk pumps" by V.I.Misyur, B.V. Ovsyannikov, V.F. Copyright certificate No. 1768801, patent CN103457366. However, due to the presence of friction elements, these pumps cannot be classified as reliable and durable.

Also, a disc pump is known (RF patent 2285153 published on 10.10.2006), containing a driving disc, to which driven discs with central holes are attached by means of rods, and the distance between the discs is provided by spacer sleeves. The driven disks are installed with the ability to move along the rods, and the spacer sleeves are made elastic. The disadvantage of the known pump is also low reliability, low durability, low efficiency of the structure and its low maintainability due to the presence of friction elements.

The closest analogue to the claimed disc pump is a pump (patent US 85235published 09/03/2013), consisting of a housing with outlet tube of input and output stream, blades in the form of discs are located inside the housing, while the rotor connected to the discs contains magnets, and the stator located on the surface of the case. However, the discs are secured with a rotating bearing, which reduces the reliability, performance and durability of the structure, and this design also has poor maintainability.

The aim of the claimed invention is to eliminate the identified shortcomings in order to achieve such technical results as increasing the reliability of the structure, productivity, as well as durability and maintainability.

This goal is achieved as follows: a disk pump containing a hollow housing with outlet tube of input and output stream, a stator with windings and a rotor with parallel disks and permanent magnets, where the disks are fastened to each other by a locking element; in this case, the stator is fixed on the housing, and the rotor is placed in the cavity of the housing, characterized in that it additionally contains a second stator with windings, located symmetrically relative to the plane of the discs, and the rotor consists of two parts, which are also symmetrical relative to the plane of the discs; in this case, the stator windings and permanent magnets of the rotor are located at an angle to the plane of the disks.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the angles of inclination of the planes of the stator windings and permanent magnets is equal.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the rotor and the rotor discs are provided with central holes.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the stator and the rotor magnetic circuit are made of metal.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the rotor is made of a dielectric non-magnetic material.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the housing consists of two cup-shaped parts.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the discs are connected by three evenly spaced retaining elements.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the windings are made in the form of rings and are evenly spaced over the stator surface.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the permanent magnets are united by a magnetic ring, have a rectangular shape and are evenly located on the surface of the rotor, with alternating magnetic poles.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the magnetic ring with magnets is located in a recess in the rotor surface.

The pump, particularly, may be characterized by that the magnetic ring is made in the form of a conical washer.

Below in the description, as an example of the execution of the inventive pump, is presented a sample in a horizontal position, in which the first ring, stator, etc. are the lower elements, and the second ring, stator, etc. are the upper elements.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 schematically shows a pump, General view; Figure 2 schematically shows the design of the pump, in longitudinal section; Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the pump rotor discs (cross-section); Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of permanent magnets (lower and / or upper) on the pump rotor (cross section); Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the windings (lower and / or upper) of the pump stator (cross section); Figure 6 shows a block diagram of pump control.

In the images presented, the numbers indicate the following: 1. Upper half of the housing; 2. Lower half of the housing; 3. Outlet tube of input stream; 4. Outlet tube of output stream; . Lower stator; 6. Lower stator windings; 7. Lower permanent magnet; 8. Lower magnetic circuit; 9. Lower half of the rotor; . Upper stator; 11. Upper stator windings; 12. Upper permanent magnet; 13. Upper magnetic circuit; 14. Upper half of the rotor; . Rotor discs; 16. Connecting sleeves; 17. Fixing elements; 18. Power supply lead and control output; 19. Upper converter of frequency; . Upper sensors of current; 21. Upper sensors of voltage; 22. Power supply unit; 23. Control unit; 24. Lower EMF sensor; . Lower EMF sensor; 26. Lower converter of frequency; 27. Lower sensors of current; 28. Lower sensors of voltage.

The disc pump shown in the figures is arranged as follows.

The housing, which can consist of two halves - the upper half of the housing (1) and the lower half of the housing (2), is equipped with the outlet tube of input stream (3) and the outlet tube of output stream (4). In this case, the halves of the housing can be made cup-shaped, since such a configuration (close to dome-shaped) is strong and reliable. On the housing (in its lower part) there is a lower stator (5) equipped with lower stator windings (6), which (when voltage is applied) interact with the lower permanent magnets (7), united by a magnetic circuit (8), at the same time the magnets (7) are located in the recesses of the lower half of the rotor (9), with alternating magnetic poles. In addition to this, the structure contains symmetrically located, identical to the first, the upper stator (10), equipped with the upper stator windings (11), the upper permanent magnets (12), united by the upper magnetic circuit (13), while the magnets (12) are located in the recesses of the upper half of the rotor (14), with alternating magnetic poles. The material of the stator and the magnetic circuit can be, for example, electrical iron. As the material of the rotor, as well as the pump body, connecting sleeves, fixing elements, for example, materials such as titanium, ceramics, glass, and plastic can be used. The set of structural elements: a stator with windings and a rotor with permanent magnets, make up the pump electric motor. In this case, all the stator windings presented in the design can be made in the form of rings and are evenly located on the stator surface. The uniform arrangement of the windings creates a uniform magnetic field, which undoubtedly increases the reliability of the pump. Permanent magnets, also in order to increase the reliability of the structure, are combined by means of a magnetic circuit that holds the magnets and creates a magnetic flux closed along the circuit. Additionally, the magnetic conductor ring with magnets can be located in the stator recess, which provides greater structural reliability, due to the retention of the magnetic core inside the stator. The very same magnetic ring can be made in the form of a conical washer, which determines the configuration of the magnetic field, which determines the contactless magnetic suspension of the rotor, which determines the reliability and failure-free operation of the proposed pump. The rotor halves (9, 14) are connected to each other by means of fixing elements (17), which are located in the through holes of the rotor discs (15) and also connect them. At the same time, the disks themselves are made with a central hole through which, among other things, liquids are pumped, the presence of additional holes in the disks directly increases the pump performance. Also, the design of the rotor implies, among other things, an annular shape. The possibility of such a disc design is achieved due to the absence of rotation shafts. The ability to connect the discs using three fixing elements additionally increases the reliability of the disc connection. In this case, the fixing elements are located at an equal angular distance from each other, which is 1200; undoubtedly, the uniformity of the location of the fixing elements ensures uniform distribution of the load on them, which also leads to an increase in the reliability of the structure. The connecting sleeves (16) are spacer for the rotor discs (15). Control and power supply signals (signal processing and generation modules are not shown in Figs. 1-3) are fed to the stator windings through the power supply and control output (18).

The pump control block diagram is shown in FIG. 4 and operates as follows: power supply, for example from a standard power grid, from a power supply unit (22) is supplied to frequency converters (19, 26), which form three-phase alternating currents at the output of a given frequency and amplitude, the required configuration, and the converted current is fed to the windings stators (6, 11), while the phase switching and switching of the stator windings are carried out according to the feedback signal when the EMF sensor (24, 25) reaches zero. The control unit (23) controls the frequency converters (19, 26) of the stator windings (6, 11) using input signals from the current sensors (20, 27), voltage sensors of the phase stator windings (21, 28) and EMF sensors (24, 25). In the example shown, sensors of known designs are used, which are the same for the upper and lower parts of the pump, and in FIG. 1-5 are not shown.

The disc pump shown in the figures operates as follows.

The pumping of fluids is carried out due to the phenomenon of adhesion of boundary layer and viscous friction. When the rotor rotates, due to the arising centrifugal force, a fluid medium, for example, a liquid is sucked into the outlet tube of input stream, and, receiving acceleration from the rotor discs, the liquid is thrown out through the outlet tube of output stream tangentially to the direction of rotation.

Starting the pump with an exit to the operating mode is carried out in three stages.

At the first stage, the rotor (9, 14) is freely suspended in a magnetic field inside the pump housing. In this case, the rotor with discs is located with a small gap in the housing. Initially, if the pump is located in an orientation, when the inlet vertical axis of the outlet tube of input stream (3) is located perpendicular to the horizontal plane (Fig. 1), the rotor (9, 14) touches the lower part of the housing (2), while the attraction forces of the magnets (7, 12) balance the position of the rotor in the housing, so that the resulting force of attraction of the rotor to the walls of the housing is zero. To destabilize the rotor position, the stator windings are used to create a pulsating magnetic field. In this case, a magnetic field appears in the inner space of the housing (1,2), aimed at implementing the function of suspending the rotor.

The control unit (23) changes the magnetic field of each of the stator windings (6, 11) until the currents are equalized in them, while the alternating component of the magnetic field is superimposed on the constant magnetic field to create oscillations at a frequency higher than the intrinsic resonant rotor (9, 14) relative to the conditional equilibrium point. As a result, the magnetic field is leveled in such a way that the rotor is in a state of free suspension in the inner space of the housing (1, 2). Thus, the effect of the variable component of the magnetic field makes it possible to more accurately control the position of the rotor (9, 14) in space, avoiding its contact with the inner walls of the housing (1, 2).

Further, the control unit (23) switches to the mode of the second stage of starting, in which the rotor begins to rotate. For the purpose of realizing the rotation function, the principle of a stepper motor is used, in which alternating current pulses are fed to the phase windings of the stators. Under the action of the control unit (8), the pairs of windings successively pass into the state of conduction, thus creating a rotating magnetic field, which drives the rotor (9, 14). At the initial stage of start-up, the effect of the magnetic field of the stator winding does not decrease, thus, during the start-up process, a pulsating current component and additional current pulses are simultaneously applied to each stator winding to implement the step mode.

When the rotor rotates and the speed gains about 10-20% of the nominal, the pulsating magnetic field is turned off and a transition to the control of the pump operation with speed feedback occurs.

Further, in the mode of the third stage of starting the pump, the well-known principle of a hydrodynamic bearing is used to stabilize the rotor in the housing, relative to the walls of the pump (no contact). This principle consists in the action of the current carried by the pump medium, which, due to its dense structure and the emerging centrifugal force, allows the rotor disks to be reliably held in the radial direction in a suspended state, in the absence of any additional holding elements. Thus, due to the compensation of magnetic forces balancing the position of the rotor in the housing, at which the resulting force of attraction of the rotor to the walls of the housing is equal to zero, together with the hydrodynamic bearing, it allows to provide contactless rotation of the pump disks, eliminating the presence of friction surfaces, which undoubtedly increases the reliability and the durability of the inventive pump. Compensation of magnetic forces, in particular, is achieved due to the design of the magnetic conductor ring in the form of a conical washer, in which the permanent magnets of the rotor are located at an angle to the plane of the discs. This arrangement allows the initial balance of the rotor position and facilitates its balancing during operation. The stator electromagnets, formed by the coils with a winding, are located parallel to the rotor magnets, with the same angle of inclination to the rotor discs. Due to the indicated mutual arrangement of the magnets and facilitating the balancing of the rotor, there is no need to use bearings holding the rotor axis, which has a positive effect on the design, ensuring the reliability and durability of the pump.

The process of stopping the pump occurs in the reverse order according to the algorithm described above.

The inventive disk pump is based on an axleless electric motor with an electromagnetic clutch. Due to the absence of contact surfaces of the rotor with the inner surface of the pump, on the one hand, a reliable structure is created, due to the absence of various elements, for example, holding, balancing, etc., which is more durable and maintainable, and on the other hand, the throughput increases pump. The high throughput is due to the absence of structural elements (such as, for example, shafts, fasteners, etc.) that impede the flow of the transported fluid. Due to the absence of elements that impede the flow of the transported fluid, the flow is laminar, there are no cavitation processes, which excludes the occurrence of water hammer and, as a result, the destruction of the structure. The claimed design, among other things, can be widely used in the purification of polluted waters, due to the absence of elements of impurity concentration. Also, the inventive pump can be used when pumping aggressive media, for example, acids, including nitric and containing aggressive acids. This possibility is achieved due to the absence of a bearing that is sensitive to aggressive media. The absence of a number of elements inherent in known pumps also provide high maintainability and durability.

Thus, the use of a magnetic suspension in the inventive disk pump, due to the use of a paired magnetic unit, allows achieving the claimed technical results, namely, increasing the reliability of the structure, productivity, as well as durability and maintainability.

Industrial applicability.

The claimed invention can find wide application when pumping fluids, especially in places with high noise requirements. Manufactured in specialized mechanical assembly workshops.

Claims (11)

1. A disk pump comprising a hollow housing provided with tube of input stream and outlet tube of output stream a stator with windings and a rotor with parallel disks and permanent magnets, where the disks are attached to each other by a locking element; the stator is fixed on the housing, and the rotor is placed in the cavity of the housing, characterized in that it additionally contains a second stator with windings, located symmetrically relative to the plane of the discs, and the rotor consists of two parts, which are also symmetrical with respect to the plane of the discs; in this case, the stator windings and permanent magnets of the rotor are located at an angle to the plane of the disks.

2. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the planes of the stator windings and permanent magnets are equal.

3. The pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor and the rotor discs are made with central holes.

4. The pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator and the rotor magnetic core are made of metal.

5. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the rotor is made of a dielectric non-magnetic material.

6. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the housing consists of two cup-shaped parts.

7. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the discs are connected by three evenly spaced fixing elements.

8. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the windings are made in the form of rings and are evenly located on the surface of the stator.

9. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets are combined by a magnetic ring, have a rectangular shape and are evenly located on the surface of the rotor, with alternating magnetic poles.

10. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the magnetic ring with magnets is located in the recess of the rotor surface.

11. The pump according to claim. 1, characterized in that the magnetic ring is made in the form of a conical washer.