IL282938B2 - Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods - Google Patents

Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods

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Publication number
IL282938B2
IL282938B2 IL282938A IL28293821A IL282938B2 IL 282938 B2 IL282938 B2 IL 282938B2 IL 282938 A IL282938 A IL 282938A IL 28293821 A IL28293821 A IL 28293821A IL 282938 B2 IL282938 B2 IL 282938B2
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
antenna
scene
emr
detection system
radio detection
Prior art date
Application number
IL282938A
Other languages
Hebrew (he)
Other versions
IL282938A (en
Inventor
Shachar Aviv-Zion
Norbashan Moshe
Nahman Boaz
Original Assignee
Elbit Systems Ew And Sigint Elisra Ltd
Aviv Zion Shachar
Norbashan Moshe
Nahman Boaz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elbit Systems Ew And Sigint Elisra Ltd, Aviv Zion Shachar, Norbashan Moshe, Nahman Boaz filed Critical Elbit Systems Ew And Sigint Elisra Ltd
Priority to IL282938A priority Critical patent/IL282938B2/en
Priority to PCT/IB2022/054029 priority patent/WO2022234426A1/en
Publication of IL282938A publication Critical patent/IL282938A/en
Publication of IL282938B2 publication Critical patent/IL282938B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/032—Constructional details for solid-state radar subsystems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Description

ANTENNA-BASED RADIO DETECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS TECHNICAL FIELD id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1"
[0001] This present disclosure is generally related to antenna-based radio detection systems.
BACKGROUND id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2"
[0002] Radio detection systems such as RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio waves (either pulsed or continuous) to determine various parameters such as a range, angle, velocity, etc. of objects in a scene, and may be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, terrain topography, etc. Radio detection system may comprise a transmitter configured to produce electromagnetic radiation (EMR), a transmitter antenna, a receiver antenna configured to receive EMR reflected from a scene and a receiver configured to produce EMR signals based on said reflections. id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3"
[0003] The description above is presented as a general overview of related art in this field and should not be construed as an admission that any of the information it contains constitutes prior art against the present patent application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4" id="p-4"
[0004] The figures illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the present document. id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5" id="p-5"
[0005] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. References to previously presented elements are implied without necessarily further citing the drawing or description in which they appear. The figures are listed below. id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6" id="p-6"
[0006] FIG. 1represents a schematic illustration of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7" id="p-7"
[0007] FIG. 2A is a schematic view of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8" id="p-8"
[0008] FIG. 2B is another schematic view of the antenna-based radio detection system of FIG. 2B , according to some embodiments. id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9" id="p-9"
[0009] FIGs. 3A-3D are schematic illustrations of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbing elements of antenna-based radiation detection systems, according to some embodiments. id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10"
[0010] FIG. 4A is a schematic view of an antenna-based radiation detection system, according to some other embodiments. id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11" id="p-11"
[0011] FIG . 4B is a schematic illustration of a radiation pattern of electromagnetic radiation between two adjacent EMR absorbing elements, according to some embodiments. id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12" id="p-12"
[0012] FIGs. 5A-D schematically show EMR absorbing structures and, in overlay, the equivalent electrical circuits. id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13" id="p-13"
[0013] FIGs. 6A-B are photographs of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14" id="p-14"
[0014] FIG. 7A shows geometric parameters of rectangular absorption elements of an antenna-based radiation detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15" id="p-15"
[0015] FIG. 7B graphically illustrates surface current isolation properties for various rectangular absorption elements having different geometric parameters, according to corresponding embodiments. id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16" id="p-16"
[0016] FIG. 8 shows a schematic heat-map simulation to depict the effect of T-shaped EMR absorption elements on electromagnetic attenuation from a transmitter to a receiver side of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17" id="p-17"
[0017] FIG. 9 shows a graph of S-parameters measured during operation of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18" id="p-18"
[0018] FIGs. 10A-Bshows various schematic views of an antenna array of an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19" id="p-19"
[0019] FIG. 11shows a photograph of an example implementation of placement of cover 2000 on an antenna-based radio detection system, according to some embodiments. id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20" id="p-20"
[0020] FIG. 12shows a flowchart of a method of detecting objects in a scene using an antenna-based radio detection system.

Claims (50)

1. An antenna-based radio detection system, comprising: (i) at least one transmitter antenna arranged at a first location and configured to emit electromagnetic (EM) radiation into free space toward a scene to generate electromagnetic radiation reflections reflected by at least one object in the scene; (ii) at least one receiver antenna arranged at a second location spatially separated from the first location and configured to generate, based on the electromagnetic radiation reflections received at the receiver antenna from the scene, reflection-based signals; and (iii) an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbing structure formed by a plurality of EMR absorbing elements which are disposed between the first and the second location; wherein the EMR absorbing elements have a longitudinal axis X extending in a second direction which is about perpendicular to a first direction extending along an axis Y between the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna, and further extending about perpendicular with respect to a direction of free space emission of EMR radiation towards the scene; wherein each one of the plurality of absorbing elements is arranged at a different position along the first direction extending between the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna; and wherein the EMR absorbing structure is configured to reduce the induction of surface currents JS between the transmitter and receiver antenna such that the reflection-based signals generated by the receiver antenna are stronger than the surface currents picked up by the receiver antenna.
2. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 1, wherein a recess formed by two neighboring EMR absorbing elements has a height that corresponds to about a quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of the surface currents JS.
3. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are separated from each other by a rigid plate structure.
4. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one or more of the preceding claims, wherein a reduction in induction of surface currents enables analyzing a comparatively weak reflection-based signals generated by the receiver antenna.
5. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the induction of surface currents is configured to be reduced below a threshold by the EMR absorbing structure.
6. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the EMR absorbing structure is configured to increase a Signal Noise to Ratio (SNR) between the reflection-based signals and the surface currents, compared to antenna-based radio detection systems lacking the EMR absorbing structure.
7. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the EMR absorbing structure is configured to provide at least 30dB increase in SNR between the reflection-based signals and the surface currents picked up by the receiver antenna.
8. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 7, wherein the at least 30dB increase in SNR is achieved across a frequency band of at least 1.5 GHz.
9. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one geometric characteristic of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements is specifically adapted to a transmitting and/or receiving wavelength band to reduce or eliminate the induction of surface currents.
10. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 9, further comprising smart material for controllably adapting the at least one geometric characteristic.
11. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the at least one geometric characteristic includes a periodical or non-periodical feature of the EMR absorbing structure.
12. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a periodic structure.
13. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a non-periodic structure.
14. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a fractal structure.
15. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each one of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements has one of the following geometric characteristics: a rectangular cross-section, a trapezoidal cross-section, a triangular cross-section, a cross-section that is widening in direction of the scene, a T-shaped cross-section, and a V-shaped cross-section.
16. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a common ground plane, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common conductive ground plane and protrude beneath the common conductive ground plane, in a direction opposite to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
17. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 16, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common conductive ground plane and protrude above the common conductive ground plane, in direction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
18. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the claims 16-17, wherein at least two of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements protrude above the common ground plane, in a direction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna; and wherein at least another two of the EMR absorbing elements protrude beneath the common ground plane, in a direction opposite to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
19. The antenna-based radio detection system of the claims 16 to 18, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are arranged to constitute part of the common ground plane.
20. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the claims 16 to 19, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are solid elements.
21. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein upon operation of the system the transmitter antenna continuously transmits electromagnetic radiation, and the receiver antenna continuously receives electromagnetic radiation to generate the reflection-based signals.
22. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar.
23. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmitter antenna is spatially separated from the receiver antenna at a distance not exceeding 190 mm.
24. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two components forming the system are assembly components.
25. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein various components forming the system are configured to be housed in a casing.
26. The antenna-based radio detection system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each two neighboring EMR absorbing elements are spaced apart from each other and further have a length that exceeds the dimensions of the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna extending in direction of the longitudinal axis of EMR absorbing elements.
27. A method for detecting objects in a scene using an antenna-based radio detection system, the method comprising: transmitting, by at least one transmitter antenna arranged at a first location, electromagnetic radiation into free space towards the scene; reducing the induction of surface currents induced by the transmission of electromagnetic radiation into the free space; receiving, by at least one receiver antenna, at a second location different from the first location, electromagnetic radiation reflections reflected by at least one object from the scene; and generating, based on the received electromagnetic radiation reflections, ref4lection-based signals; wherein the EMR absorbing elements have a longitudinal axis X extending in a second direction which is about perpendicular to a first direction extending along an axis Y between the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna, and further extending about perpendicular with respect to a direction of free space emission of EMR radiation towards the scene; wherein each one of the plurality of absorbing elements is arranged at a different position along the first direction extending between the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna; and wherein reducing the induction of surface currents is achieved by an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbing structure formed by a plurality of EMR absorbing elements disposed between the first and the second location such that the reflection-based signals are stronger than received surface currents.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein a recess formed by two neighboring EMR absorbing elements has a height that corresponds to about a quarter of a wavelength of a center frequency of the surface currents JS.
29. The method for detecting objects in a scene of claim 27, wherein the transmitter and the receiver antenna are separated from each other by a rigid plate structure.
30. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 29, wherein a reduction in the induction of surface currents enables analyzing a comparatively weak reflection-based signals generated by the receiver antenna.
31. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of claims 27 to 30 wherein the induction of surface currents is configured to be reduced below a threshold by the EMR absorbing structure.
32. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 31 wherein the EMR absorbing structure is configured to increase a Signal Noise to Ratio (SNR) between the reflection-based signals and the surface currents, compared to antenna-based radio detection systems lacking the EMR absorbing structure.
33. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 32, wherein the EMR absorbing structure is configured to provide at least 30dB increase in SNR between the reflection-based signals and the surface currents picked up by the receiver antenna.
34. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 33 wherein the at least 30dB increase in SNR is achieved across a frequency band of at least 1.GHz.
35. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 34, wherein at least one geometric characteristic of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements is specifically adapted to a transmitting and/or receiving wavelength band to reduce or eliminate the induction of surface currents.
36. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 35, wherein the at least one geometric characteristic is controllably adaptable.
37. The antenna-based radio detection system of claim 35 or claim 36, wherein the at least one geometric characteristic includes a periodical or non-periodical feature of the EMR absorbing structure.
38. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 37, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a periodic structure.
39. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 37, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a non-periodic structure.
40. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 39, wherein the plurality of EMR absorbing elements form a fractal structure.
41. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 40, wherein each one of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements has one of the following geometric characteristics: a rectangular cross-section, a trapezoidal cross-section, a triangular cross-section, a cross-section that is widening in direction of the scene, a T-shaped cross-section, and a V-shaped cross-section.
42. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 41, further comprising a common ground plane, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common ground plane and protrude beneath the common ground plane, in a direction opposite to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
43. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 41, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common ground plane and protrude above the common ground plane, in direction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
44. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 41, wherein at least two of the plurality of EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common ground plane and protrude above the common ground plane, in a direction of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna; and wherein at least another two of the EMR absorbing elements are directly coupled to the common ground plane and protrude beneath the common ground plane, in a direction opposite to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter antenna.
45. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 44, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are arranged to constitute part of the common ground plane.
46. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 45, wherein the EMR absorbing elements are solid elements.
47. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 46, wherein upon operation of the system the transmitter antenna transmits electromagnetic radiation, and the receiver antenna receives electromagnetic radiation to generate the reflection-based signals.
48. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 47, wherein the transmitter antenna is spatially separated from the receiver antenna at a distance not exceeding 190 mm.
49. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 48, wherein at least two components forming the system are assembly components.
50. The method for detecting objects in a scene of any one of the claims 27 to 49, wherein each two neighboring EMR absorbing elements are spaced apart from each other and further have a length that exceeds the dimensions of the at least one transmitter antenna and the at least one receiver antenna extending in direction of the longitudinal axis of EMR absorbing elements.
IL282938A 2021-05-04 2021-05-04 Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods IL282938B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL282938A IL282938B2 (en) 2021-05-04 2021-05-04 Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods
PCT/IB2022/054029 WO2022234426A1 (en) 2021-05-04 2022-05-02 Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL282938A IL282938B2 (en) 2021-05-04 2021-05-04 Antenna-based radio detection systems and methods

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IL282938A IL282938A (en) 2022-12-01
IL282938B2 true IL282938B2 (en) 2023-04-01

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WO (1) WO2022234426A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116544670B (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-09-08 深圳市鑫龙通信技术有限公司 5G antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6262495B1 (en) * 1998-03-30 2001-07-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Circuit and method for eliminating surface currents on metals
US20160344093A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Antenna device, wireless communication apparatus, and radar apparatus
US20190051977A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-02-14 Denso Corporation Antenna device
US20210156956A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2021-05-27 National Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology Continuous wave radar system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6262495B1 (en) * 1998-03-30 2001-07-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Circuit and method for eliminating surface currents on metals
US20160344093A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Antenna device, wireless communication apparatus, and radar apparatus
US20190051977A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-02-14 Denso Corporation Antenna device
US20210156956A1 (en) * 2019-11-25 2021-05-27 National Chung-Shan Institute Of Science And Technology Continuous wave radar system

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IL282938A (en) 2022-12-01

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