IL27264A - Cultivation of yeasts - Google Patents
Cultivation of yeastsInfo
- Publication number
- IL27264A IL27264A IL2726467A IL2726467A IL27264A IL 27264 A IL27264 A IL 27264A IL 2726467 A IL2726467 A IL 2726467A IL 2726467 A IL2726467 A IL 2726467A IL 27264 A IL27264 A IL 27264A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- stage
- phosphate
- fermenter
- aqueous
- Prior art date
Links
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 title claims description 53
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000876709 Cyberlindnera suaveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium alkyl sulphates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Patents Form No. 3 PATENTS AND DESIGNS ORDINANCE.
SPECIFICATION.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE CULTIVATION OP ¼Η€¾θ~θί^$Η€«&ϋ YEASTS I / WE , T .. ?.??^ Incorporated . in. accordance.. ll^.. lie..IiawB..of England,, of B I&nnie^. to do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described aud ascertained in and by the following statement : - As the surface active agent employed for washing there may be used cationic surface-active agents such as stearyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, non-ionic surface-active agents, for example the condensates of oleic acid and ethylene oxide, or anionic surface-active agents, for example sodium alkyl sulphates.
The fraction containing the^¾^gpo-^pgQg¾i-sa is then preferably subjected to solvent extraction. Preferably solvent extraction is carried out by the use of a solvent consisting of or containing a hydrocarbon. Preferably the hydrocarbon has 4-7 carbon atoms per molecule. Preferably the hydrocarbon is a paraffin and preferably, the paraffin is a straight chain paraffin. Normal pentane and normal hexane are suitable solvents.
If desired the extraction of the hydrocarbons by means of a hydrocarbon solvent is preceded by extraction by means of an alcohol, preferably ethanol.
If desired there may be used an extraction stage using, as solvent, a mixture of a hydrocarbon with, for example, ethanol.
Thus there may be used a solvent consisting of 8< > by wt. of hexane and 20 ¾ by wt. of ethanol.
The hydrocarbons recovered in the extract phase by solvent yeasty extraction, if metabdisable, may be recycled to the /faicro-oi'gattaraa-cultivation stage.
A yeast which has been freed from the whole or part of its lipids and the contaminating hydrocarbons by one of the methods described hereinbefore and whose taste has been improved is a new industrial product of value for human nutrition.
According to a preferred feature of this invention there is provided a process which comprises cultivating a ^^-^orgatmom in a manner as hereinbefore described in the presence of a petroleum fraction consisting in part of straight chain hydrocarbons and having a mean molecular weight corresponding to at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule, and in the presence of an aqueous nutrient medium; and in the presence of a gas containing free oxygen» and separating from the mixture, on the one yeasj;/ hand, the iSiere^epga-aAeB and, on the other hand, a petroleum fraction having a reduced proportion of straight chain hydrocarbons or which is free of said straight chain hydrocarbons and there** yeast1 after treating thesieFe-ergaHieH as hereinbefore described* Preferred methods for use in the cultivation of the"B¾e_po-opgani«n and or the recovery o the product are described in British Patent Specification Nos. 911*567 and 91½>6β - also in Israel Patents Nos* 18,009, 9^07» 19627 and 22281*.· The invention is illustrated but ot limited with reference to the following Experiment and Examples 1 and 2· The Experiment is provided for purposes of comparison.
Experiment The yeast Candida tropicalis was grown in a continuously operated first fermenter of 60 cu-metres capacity in the presence of an aqueous nutrien medium having the following composition:- grams/litre
, The carbon source was provided by a gas-oil obtained from Xra¾ $rude oil and having the following characteristicss Specific gravity 0*870 Pour Poin ♦ 1S°0 Boiling range 300 - 390°0 A mixture of gas-oil and aqueous nutrient medium in the relative proportions 1*5:10 parts by volume was fed to the fermenter at the rate of 200 litres per cu-metre of fermenter per hour (that is, 12000 litres per hour)* The ermenter was maintained at 30°C and at a pH of k by continuous admission f aqueous ammonia* A product stream was removed continuously and split, fOOO litres per hour being passed to a decanter and 12000 litres per hour being passed to a second fermenter of 30 cu-metre capacity.
In the decanter an aqueous stream at 2000 litres per hour was withdrawn and discharged and the remaining stream amounting to about 12000 litreshour was continuously recycled to the first fermenter* Thus the total feed, of fresh and recycled material,' to the first fermenter was at 21+000 litreshour* The second fermenter was maintained at 30°C and aerated at the rate 30 vo3/v©l our using vortex stirring* No fresh carbon source was supplied, the carbon source being provided by residual hydrocarbons carried on from the first to the second fermenter* A product stream was continuously discharged from the second fermenter and subjected to decantatlOn* Then 66fo by weight of the aqueous phase was withdrawn and replaced by by weight of tap water* No* 2726/2 0*5 kg of a non-Ionic detergent, sold under the trade designation NX 29 and being the product obtained by condensing a mixture of lauric and myristic alcohol with ethylene oxide» was added to each cubic-metre of the mixture of yeast, residual oil and waiter* This mixture was thoroughly stirred and eentri uged in a Sharpies autoRec or DG 2 centrifuge to obtain as separate products:* yeast paste% an aqueous phase and a g*s oil phase Yeast paste was afterwards re-mixed Yiith tap water at a rate of 1 part by weight of dry matter for 5 parts by weight of water and thoroughly stirred and centrifuged again.
The yeast paste recovered, contained 65 to 7Q¾ of water. Some of the water was removed to produce a cream consisting of 5 ο of yeast (dry weight) and /' by v/eight of water.
This wet yeast was then pumped into an extractor which was in the form of filtrating drum which was rotated with its axis horizontal. A solvent mixture consisting of Q£ by weight of normal hexane and 5($> of isopropanol was added to the wet yeast at a rate of 8 parts by weight of mixture per part of yeast (dry weight). The mixture of yeast, water and solvent was maintained at 50°C for 30 minutes. Then solvent containing the major part of the yeast impurities was drawn off.
The remaining wet yeast product was again solvent treated in a second extraction step on the basis of 1 part by weight of dry yeast per 1 part of water per 4 parts of a mixture of 5Qv by weight of normal hexane and 0-.' of isopropanol, contact being for 30 minutes at 50°C. After filtration of the solvent loaded with some yeast impurities, the remaining product was treated in a second extraction stage with 2 parts by weight of a solvent mixture consisting of: n-hexane 8Q¾ by wt isopropanol 20 by wt The mixture was maintained at 50°C for 10 minutes and solvent drawn off, finally under vacuum. The washing with this solvent mixture was repeated 4 times. Finally the yeast product was dried with super heated steam.
Operating data and results obtained are shown in the following Table.
Example 1 The process described in the Experiment was repeated with a change in the phosphate concentration in the media supplied to the (a) The medium fed to the first fermenter was obtained by diluting the aqueous nutrient medium described in the Experiment with an equal volume of water. Yeast extract was adjusted to 0.03 grams/litre. (b) No yeast cream recycle was employed.
Operating conditions and results obtained are shown in the following Table. --¾camp_b≥--2-— The process described in Example 1 was repeated witb^a change in TABLE (l) Estimated as elemental phosphorus.
* Not estimated.
Under the conditions illustrated in the Experiment the level of phosphate in the aqueous nutrient medium in the first and second fermenters was adequate to support, in both fermenters, growth of the micro-organism unimpeded by shortage of phosphate.
Under the conditions illustrated in Examples 1 and 2 the level of phosphate in the aqueous nutrient medium in the first fermenter was adequate to support growth of the micro-organism, unimpeded by shortage of phosphate, and the level of phosphate in the aqueous nutrient medium in the second fermenter was such that growth of the micro-organism was impeded by phosphate shortage.
Under the conditions illustrated in Example 1, the limitation on growth was marginal in the second fermenter and there was a substantial level of phosphate in the spent aqueous nutrient medium from the second fermenter. (Nevertheless this level is lower than that of the used medium from the first fermenter). However, a noticable reduction in phosphorus level in the recovered microorganism is to be observed; thus the yield of micro-organism per unit of phosphorus incorporated therein is higher in respect of the product of the second fermenter than in respect of the product of the first fermenter.
Under the conditions illustrated in Example 2 the phosphate level in the spent aqueous nutrient medium is low, as is the phosphorus content of the micro-organism derived from the second stage fermenter.
Example The yeast Hansenula suaveolens was grown in a continuously operated first fermenter of 60 litre capacity in the presence of an aqueous nutrient medium having the following compositions grams/litre KC½ 0.58 MgS04, 7H20 Ο.32 MnSOA, 4H20 Ο.Ο34 ZnSO^, 7H20 O.I5 FeSOt, 7H20 0.061 Yeast extract 0.15 with an aeration rate of 30 vol/vol/hour using vortex stirring.
The carbon substrate was provided by a gas-oil obtained from Iraq crude oil having the following characteristics; Specific gravity 60°F/60°F Ο.867 Refractive Index n^ 1.484 Cloud point +13°C Pour point +11°C Sulphur (total) 1.5 by wt.
A mixture of gas-oil and aqueous nutrient medium in the relative proportion 1. ° 10 parts by volume was fed to the fermenter at the rate of 12 litres per hour. The fermenter was maintained at 3 °C and at pH4 by continuous admission of aqueous ammonia.
A product stream of 12 litre per hour was continuously removed and passed to a second fermenter of 30 litres capacity.
The second fermenter was maintained at 30°C and aerated at the rate of 30 vol/vol/hour using vortex stirring. No fresh carbon substrate was supplied, the carbon source being provided by residual hydrocarbons carried on from the first to the second A product stream was continuously discharged from the second fermenter and subjected to decantation. Then 'JCff by weight of the aqueous phase was withdrawn and replaced by JOfo by weight of tap water. 1 gram of a oxyethylenated lauric alcohol non-ionic detergent sold under the trade designation NI 2 was added per litre of the mixture of yeast, residual oil and water. This mixture was thoroughly stirred and centrifuged in a Sharpies supercentrifuge to obtain t a yeast paste, an aqueous phase and a gas-oil phase.
Yeast paste was afterwards re-mixed with tap water at a rate of 1 part by weight of dry matter for 5 parts by weight of water and thoroughly stirred and centrifuged again. The water content of the yeast was then adjusted to ^Cfi by weight. This wet yeast was then pumped into an extractor which was in the form of a drum filter which was rotated with its axis horizontal. A solvent mixture consisting of of isopropanol was added to the wet yeast at a rate of 8 parts by weight of mixture per part of yeast (dry basis). The mixture of yeast, water and solvent was maintained at 80°C for 1 hour, then solvent containing the major part of the yeast impurities was drawn off.
A second solvent treatment on the same basis as herein above described was given to the remaining yeast. After elimination of the solvent loaded with yeast impurities, the remaining wet yeast product was again solvent treated in second extraction step on the basis of 1 part by weight of dry yeast per part of isopropanol, contact being for 30 minutes at 60°C.
The solvent was drawn off and finally the yeast product was dried with super-heated steam.
Operating data and results obtained are shown in the following table.
TABLE Fermenter (l) Fermenter (2) Dilution rate vol/vol/hour 0.2 0.4 pH 4 5.5 temperature °C 30 30 fresh gas-oil feed rate grams/litre 120 nil aeration rate vol/vo1/hour 30 30 Fresh nutrient medium phosphorus grams/litre 0.26 0.10 cell density grams/litre 8.5 11.8 Used medium phosphorus grams/litre 0.10 O.O3 Dewaxirtg gas-oil pour point °C + 2 - 6 Yeast analysis total lipids # ) 0.8 0.7 nitrogen 8.2 10.5 phosphorus content i ) 2 1.7
Claims (1)
1. A process for the production of yeast which comprises cultivating a yeast in the presence of a petroleum fraction consisting wholly or in part of straight chain in the presence of an aqueous nutrient medium consisting in part of phosphate and in the presence of a gas containing free said petroleum fraction and said aqueous medium being contiuously fed to a fermenter containing said yeast and wherein a rst stage of cultivation of said yeast takes place at a in the range of about to about a product stream compr sing th yeastbeing continuously passed to a second wherein the is treated with a second stage aqueous nutrient and is cultivated at a pH of about a product stream comprising yeast being nuously removed from the second stage in the first stage of cultivation the amount of phosphate in the aqueous phase in the first stage fermenter being such that the rate of growth of the yeast is not impeded by shortage of and in the second stage the amount of phosphate in the aqueous phase in the second stage ermenter being less the amount required or unimpeded growth of the yeast in the stage ermenter or phosphate being absent from the aqueous phase of the second stage 2 A process according to claim in which the second stage aqueous nutrient medium contains or consists of all or part of the agueous nutrient medium withdrawn from the first stage A process comprises cultivating a yeast in the presence of a petroleum fraction consisting wholly t straight chain in the presence of an agueous nutrient medium consisting in part of phosphate and in the presence of a gas containin free said petroleum fraction and said aqueous medium being continuously fed to a fermenter containing said yeast and wherein a first stage o cultivation of said yeast takes place at a in the range of about to about a product stream comprising the yeast nutrient medium being continuously withdrawn from the first stage and passed to a wherein the is cultivated at a pH of about a product stream comprising yeast bein continuously removed from the second stage in the first stage of cultivation the amount of phosphate in the aqueous phase in the atage fermenter being such that the rate of growth of the yeast is not impeded by shortage of and such that in the second stage the amount of phosphate in the aqueous phase in the second stage fermenter is less than amount required for unimpeded growth of yeast in the irst stage A process according to preceding claims in which the total liquid product withdrawn the first stage said product in the yeast is passed to the second stage A prooess aooording to one of the preceding olaims in which at the first stage there is a recycle of part of the aqueous medium ing the yeast at least part of the carbon which has been withdrawn from that A prooess to any one of the preceding in which at the second stage there is a of part the A process according to any one of the preceding claims in which the is a straight chain paraffinie A process according to claim 7 in which the yeast is of the genus A prooess according to claim 7 in the yeast Candida A process according to claim 7 in which the yeast is Candida A process aooording to any of the preceding claims in the petroleum fraction wholly or in of straight chain hydrocarbons hairing a mean molecular weight corresponding to at least 10 carbon atoms per A process according to any one of the preceding claims In which the petroleum fraction is a gas A process according to an one of the preoeding claims the aqueous nutrient medium in a period to the second stage contains phosphate to an extent less than 1 part toy estimated as elemental per parts by weight of estimated at dry introduced into said fermenter said A process according to claim 1 and substantially as described in any one of the foregoing A product whenever produced by a process as claimed in any one of the preceding product ants insufficientOCRQuality
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB476566A GB1168832A (en) | 1966-02-03 | 1966-02-03 | Improvements in or relating to the Cultivation of Yeasts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL27264A true IL27264A (en) | 1971-03-24 |
Family
ID=9783376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL2726467A IL27264A (en) | 1966-02-03 | 1967-01-17 | Cultivation of yeasts |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE693612A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1645691A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1168832A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL27264A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6701426A (en) |
-
1966
- 1966-02-03 GB GB476566A patent/GB1168832A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-01-17 IL IL2726467A patent/IL27264A/en unknown
- 1967-01-30 NL NL6701426A patent/NL6701426A/xx unknown
- 1967-02-02 DE DE19671645691 patent/DE1645691A1/en active Pending
- 1967-02-03 BE BE693612D patent/BE693612A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE693612A (en) | 1967-08-03 |
| GB1168832A (en) | 1969-10-29 |
| NL6701426A (en) | 1967-08-04 |
| DE1645691A1 (en) | 1970-05-14 |
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