IL265778B - An electrical power supply panel with increased safety through monitoring and control - Google Patents

Description

Patentamt European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP3 550 688 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) IntCL: HO2H3/32<200601) H02H 6/0012008 01> of the grant of the patent: H02H 1/00 <200601) 12.05.2021 Bulletin 2021/19 (21) Application number: 19167009.0 (22) Date of filing: 03.04.2019 (54) ELECTRIC PANEL MONITORING SYSTEM UBERWACHUNGSSYSTEM FUR ELEKTRISCHE SCHALTTAFEL SYSTEME DE SURVEILLANCE DE PANNEAU ELECTRIQUE (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES Fl FR GB • Dosh, Eli GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO 5801848 Azor (IL) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • Dosh, Zaki 5801827 Azor (IL) (30) Priority: 03.04.2018 US 201862651733 P • Nakash, Shimi 5802095 Azor (IL) (43) Date of publication of application: 09.10.2019 Bulletin 2019/41 (74) Representative: Deambrogi, Edgardo Jacobacci & Partners S.p.A. (73) Proprietors: Corso Emilia 8 • Dosh, Eli 10152 Torino (IT) 5801848 Azor (IL) • Dosh, Zaki (56) References cited: 5801827 Azor (IL) EP-A2-1 435 127 GB-A- 2 318 002 • Nakash, Shimi GB-A-2 545 460 RU-C1-2 604 868 5802095 Azor (IL) US-A1 - 2017 222 424 US-B2- 7 282 921 US-B2- 8 566 047 Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).

Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 2 EP 3 550 688 B1 Description [0009] The following cases illustrate the exposure of users to the risk of electric shock, injury or even death, FIELD OF THE INVENTION despite the use of RCD / leakage circui tbreakers:

[0001] The present invention relates to electrica lac- 1. RCD’s are not sensitive enough to disconnect the cessories in general ,and more particularly to a controlle r current supply in situations of leakage curren lowt er for an electrical panel. than 30mA. 2. The standard leakage RCD’s will not protect users BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION if not properly grounded. 3. Standard leakage RCD’s will not protec tusers if [0002] Electric panels generally include circuit break- the neutral line is not working properly, and the risk ers, ground connectors, cable terminals, phase connec- for severe injury is higher in 3-phase power boards. tors, among other electric circuit components. The elec- 4. In accordance with the instructions of the RCD tricit ysupply usually comes from an outside source manufacturer s,a test should be performed once a 15 through automatic or semi-automatic transfer switches, month for prope roperation of the RCD by pressing and is conducted through circuit breakertha prot tect from the test button located on the RCD. According to damage caused by excess current from an overload or surveys, most users never perform the test. short circuit.

[0003] Electric panels generally do not include safety [0010] There are known cases where a prope rRCD 20 means, which provide an indication regarding the quality was installed on a power board and people were elec- and condition of the ground, and/or the RCD (residua l trocuted to death because there was no prope rgrounding curren det vice), the circui tbreakers, condition of phase in the structure and the discharge circuit did not detect and neutral connections, and these panels generally do leakage currents. not include products and accessories which provide pro- [0011] GB 2 545 460 A and GB 2 318 002 A disclose 25 tection in case of power surges and blackouts. a programmabl eRCD with the aim of providing sufficient [0004] Leakage circuit breakers, also known as resid- protection on a customizable basis and at the same time ual curren tdevices (RCD’s), residua l curren tcircuit to avoid false positives and unwanted trips. breakers (RCCB’s) or ground fault interrupters (GFI’s), [0012] Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a and others, installed in accordance with standard Inter- solution to the abovementioned problems. national Electrotechnical Commission are defined to dis- connect the current in the case of an excessive leakage SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION current greate rthan 30mA or other. A leakage current is defined as a case where there is a difference (differential) [0013] An aspect of the present invention relates to a between the current flow in the phase line and the current system to monitor electrica lparameter sof components 35 flow in the neutral line. According to electrica lsystem in an electrica lpanel and to report on any variations in theory, the current in both lines should be the same. If the parameters outside of a normal operating range. there is leakage curren t,generally it flows to the ground [0014] In accordance with an embodiment of the line. present invention, the monitoring system includes a con- [0005] The existence of leakage current is identified trailer and a plurality of sensors which sense parameter s 40 as a situation where a person may receive an electric such as voltage, current, temperature, and electrical re- shock and the RCD is installed as a safety measure to sistance among other possible parameters. The control - protec tagainst electrocution and even death. ler, responsive to data received from the sensors, trans- [0006] In accordance with standard practice ,a leakage mits the information to a user computing device, which curren oft 30mA is determined as the maximum current may include a PC, laptop, smartphone ,tablet, among 45 value that can pass through a healthy human body and other possible computing devices, and/or may display will not cause irreversibl dae mage. But as regard sun- the information in a display proxima tol the electrical panel healthy or underage persons, electrocution from hand to or on the electrica lpanel. hand orwet/bare-fee wilt l cause permanent damage and [0015] The electrical panel monitoring information may even death. be transmitted using wireless communications, for ex- 50

[0007] The main reason that the RCDs disconnect the ample, by Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and/or GSM communica- curren ont ly at 30 mA rathe rthan at lower leakage current tions, and may additionally include use of wired commu- values is because there is unpredicted current leakage nications. The parameters measured by the sensors and in the power lines or from electrica lproducts at differen t processed by the controlle rmay be per line or conductor, low and cumulative values. In order not to cause false and the information transmitted and optionally stored in 55 curren discont nections of the line, the RCD’s are set for a database in the system may be per line or conductor, the maximum current value a healthy man can suffer. thereby enabling quick identification of the faulty line or [0008] However, RCDs do not protec t the users conductor. against electrocution in all cases. [0016] In some embodiments, the system monitors, in 2 EP 3 550 688 B1 each line, the supply voltage, grounding, neutral line, by subtraction from the measured leakage. The sys- leakage, temperature of conductors ,and temperature of tern will disconnect the current only when the value the panel among other parameter sin rea ltime. Upon of the current leakage is beyond the value of natural detection of a parameter which is outside the normal op- curren leat kage and above the set threshold, or set- 5 eration range, the controlle ractivates an electrica lcut- point. off device (e.g. relay) to cut off power to the panel. Op- By learning the natural current leakage of each line, tionally, the controlle rmay activate an audible alarm in the protection against electrocution can be set for a the electric panel and/or in the computing device to alert much lower current. The RCD 30mAorother setpoint of the fault. is chosen because the natural current leakage is un- 10

[0017] In some embodiments, the system tests for cur- known, and the setpoint is for all the whole electrica l ren tleakage by comparing the current and phase in each circuit and all types of consumer products. line with the current in the neutral line and/or monitors The inventive system operates to learn the natural for the presence of a voltage in the ground line. If the leakage for each specific line, and is therefore more leakage curren ist determined to exceed a maximum per- accurate and increases the sensitivity. missible level or has experienced an abnormal variation , By using the value of the natural current leakage, the controller may cut off power to the electrica lpanel which is offset from the measured leakage, the sen- before the main circuit breaker is activated, or may op- sitivity against electrocution is increased because tionally cut off power to the faulty line. the disconnect will occur much before reaching the [0018] In accordance with an embodiment of the constant specified acceptable standard leakage of 20 present invention, there is provided a system for an elec- 30mA. trica lpanel with the features described below, installed in addition to or in place of the standard components in 2. Continuous testing of the ground integrity in the the panel or outside. electrical panel is necessary to ensure the proper [0019] In accordance with the present invention, the operation of the RCD, or an improved leakage de- 25 safety and protection for electricity users is increased tection system. Each ground line and the main dramatically by improving and solving the issues de- ground are tested. Without a proper ground line, the scribed in the Background section. RCD and any other leakage protection will network. [0020] The present invention achieves the following: The ground integrity is tested by checking the resist- ance between neutral and ground, and measure - 1. Reduction in the current leakage set point ment of phase-to-neutral voltage and comparison to (<30mA), thereby increasing the sensitivity for dis- measuremen tof phase-to-ground voltage. connecting the power supply. The invention use high accuracy, high resolution current sensors with high 3. Continuous testing of a proper neutral connection sample rates for continuous, reliable current leakage in the electrica lpanel is necessary to ensure the 35 measurements. In case the system will recognize an prope roperation of the RCD. The neutral-line test is out of spec current leakage value, the system will performed by few tests: cut-off the current in the fastest time, and before the RCD operates. The system will cut off power only on Comparing the measured values of voltages be- the line with the failure and not the current for the tween phase-to-ground and phase-to-neutral . 40 whole panel. The measuremen tis performed in two places In accordance with the present invention the inven- on each line and between the feeder lines, in live electrica lpanel provides improved RCD sensi- addition to a comparison of the voltage value to tivity by continuously monitoring and measuring the the permissible range. leakage currents by sensors to measure currents in Current spikes, high temperature readings of the 45 the electrica lcircui tin each line on the phase and conductors, and differences in the measured neutral conductors or on both. The leakage is the voltage may reflect issues with the neutral line. difference in the measured currents. The data is saved in a database and analyzed continuously 4. The current in the ground line is measured, and learning and updating and natural leakage for each any current in the ground line will be considered as 50 line. leakage above the natural leakage.

The natural curren leat kage distribution in each line is studied with a machine learning algorithm and sta- [0021] The system will specify a permissible leakage tistical calculation to find the behavior of the natural value, for example 5mA or 10mA, beyond the natural leakage on the line to set the value of the norma l leakage. This value can be a different threshold for each 55 natural leakage of the usage of each line, at values line according to the load placed on the line, for example, not related to electrocution. This value is update con- where the line is only used for lights or chargers the tinuously with every new measurement. threshold can be lower, while in a line with AC motor load, The natural leakage is a parameter that can be offset the threshold might be slightly more .In this way, the pow­ 3 EP 3 550 688 B1 er cutoff in the event of electric shock will be at currents with measured parameters, and accordingly takes action that are much lower than the standard current setting of as follows: 30mA for better protection of human beings. The current cutoff will be by relays/controlle dcircui breat ker (like solid 1. If there is a deviation from parameter 1 - the sys- 5 state relay (SSR) or others), according to the standard tern will disconnect the current supply to this line by response time, or even in a shorte rtime. relay phase and neutral and send an alert.

[0022] Because the system will cutoff the current at a 1. If there is a deviation in the value of parameter 2: much lower leakage value, with a faster response ,the an estimate will warn of a change in leakage as a cutoff will be before the RCD will react. sign of a problem in a line or a faulty device.

[0023] According to the invention, data is communicat- 2. If there is a deviation from parameter 3 - the sys- ed to a hand-held user smartphone application for alerts, tern will disconnect the current supply to this line by general power consumption, trends, etc., which are dis- relay phase and neutral and send an alert. played in a user interface. 3. if there is a deviation from parameter 4 - the sys- [0024] The inventive system features an improvemen t tern will disconnect the current supply to this line by 15 in the electrocution protection sensitivity. This is achieved relay phase and neutral and send an alert. by a test method incorporatin theg following steps:

[0027] Returning the power supply to operation is done 1. The system reaction speed and accuracy is set to after the problem has been fixed - and the confirmation disconnect the power as fast as, or faster than the is shown in the application program by mobile/compu- 20 standard circuit breaker and the standard RCD. ter/screen displays on the electric panel. 2. Measure current in the phase line and the current [0028] Other parameters for safe operation are further in the neutral line for each line in the contro lpanel. described below. 3. Calculate the difference between the measured [0029] There has thus been outlined, rathe rbroadly, currents in the phase and neutral lines, or measure the more important features of the invention in order that 25 the current delta between phase and neutral. the detailed description thereof that follows hereinafte r may be better understood. Additional details and advan- [0025] The inventive system provides for the setting of tages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed de- parameters for safe operation: scription, and in part will be appreciated from the descrip - tion, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Setting parameter 1: Specific limit for allowable leakage in mA. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The leakage is the curren det lta between the phase and the neutral measurements. [0030] For a better understanding of the invention with The leakage that is measured and calculated for regard to the embodiments thereof, reference is now 35 each line (X), is saved as leakage value (Lx) for line made to the accompanying drawings, in which like nu- X with a time stamp. This value is updated online merals designate correspondin gelements or sections with every current measurement. throughout, and in which: The leakage value (Lx) is a calculation of the average leakage of line X in the last Y period of time. Y sym- Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an electric panel con- 40 bolizes how many days/time to include in the aver- trailer; age calculation, such as a moving average, standard Fig. 2 schematically illustrates furthe rdetails of the deviation, max, median or other statistical calcula- electric panel controlle rof Fig.1 with data commu- tion to find any specific measuremen tparameter. nication with the user by application user interface , Every delta phase/neutra lcurrent measuremen tis constructed according to an embodiment of the 45 compared to the leakage value (Lx). present invention; Fig. 3 is a graph of measured currents surg; es can Setting parameter 2: Allowable deviation in mA for be attributed to loose connections; alert only. Fig. 4 is an example of a highly dangerous case where there is a disconnect in one of the neutral lines 50 Setting parameter 3: Maximum deviation in mA to in a three-phase board; both disconnect currents and send alert ,including Fig. 5 is an electric circuit with additional sensors measuremen tof current or voltage in ground line and actuators to demonstrate the inventive system schematic circuit, constructed according to an em- Setting parameter 4: Maximum current/voltag eal- bodiment of the present invention; 55 lowed in ground line, in mA or V, to disconnect cur- Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of the control panel rents. board that includes a number of lines, and the pos- sibility of adding modular components or to connect [0026] The inventive system operates in accordance additional lines, constructed according to an embod- 4 EP 3 550 688 B1 iment of the present invention; and [0038] This is because a higher voltage will cause a Fig. 7 is a flow chart for a method for measuring higher curren dit scharge during the resulting electrocu- current and leakage sensitivity and responding over tion of the person that comes into contact with those lines. a time period in an electrica lpanel for a 3-phase This type of electricity failure is also a possible cause of 5 system comprising phase lines X, Y and Z, wherein fire which presents a risk of injury and death. the system reaction and accuracy are critica lto a The following tests are performed relative to Fig. 4. decision to disconnect the line with the malfunction Neutra lintegrity testing is done in two ways: before the RCD cuts off power. 1. Continuous measuremen tof the phase-to-neutral 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EM- voltage and comparing this value to the phase-to- BODIMENT ground voltage. 2. Continuous measuremen tof electrical resistance [0031] The principles and operation of a method and between neutral and ground and comparing it to a an apparatus according to the present invention may be fixed value in the system. better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description, it being understood that [0039] If a value exceeding the permitted values is these drawings are given for illustrative purposes only found, the system alerts the user by visual message, and are not meant to be limiting. sound alert, and in exceptional cases, by disconnecting [0032] Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an electric panel the electrica lcurren t,and a message is sent about which 20 controller. Shown in the figure is an electric panel 12, line is experiencing a fault and the type of fault. including semi-automatic circuit breakers 14, an isolation [0040] The leakage currents in the system are meas- breake rRCD 16, relays 18, sensors 20, and electrical ured by comparing the current value in the phase and conductors 22, which enter the panel, and electrical con- the current value in the neutral line. These values are ductors 24, which leave the panel and supply electricity supposed to be equal in a standard system. If there is a 25 to customer distribution boxes 26. difference between the measured currents, the differ- [0033] Fig. 2 schematically illustrates further details of ence will be considered a leakage current .In order for the electric panel controlle rof Fig.1. Shown in Fig. 2 is the measurements to be correct and not due spurious the electric panel 12 including a controlle r28 with light noise in the system, the neutral line in the electric circuit indicators 30 and an alphanumeric display 32 which may is measured to detect the non-spurious faults in the neu- 30 transmit real-time information 34 to an application pro- tra lline that may be the resul tof loose connections that gram in a mobile phone 36. cause electricity lines to heat up, ignite fires and trigge r

[0034] Fig. 3 is a graph of measured current 310s over consumer mishaps. time 330, with surges 320 that can be interpreted as loose [0041] If the system does not have a prope rneutral connections. connection, the RCD does not function properly. The 35

[0035] The RCD sensitivity is improved by continuous- neutral-line test is performed by comparing the measured ly monitoring and measuring the leakage current bys sen- values of voltages between phase-to-ground and phase- sors to measure currents in the electrica lcircuit in each to-neutral .The measuremen tis performed in two places line on the phase and neutral conductors .The leakage on each line and between the feeder lines, in addition to is the difference in the measured currents. The data is a comparison of the voltage value to the permissible 40 saved in a database and analyzed. The natural current range. A voltage less than the permissible range, or surg - leakage distribution in each line is studied, and the natural es in the voltage or current may, indicate a problem in leakage on the line can be compared to the measured the neutral line. In case of deviation from the fixed values leakage, and the curren ist disconnected only when there in the system, the system will alert the user. In the event is a leakage current beyond the acceptable measured of deviations that could endanger the user or the instal- 45 natural leakage current. The current or voltage in the lations, the system is disconnected from the power sup- ground line is measured, and any current or voltage in ply■ the ground line will be considered as leakage above the [0042] Fig. 5 is a layout 500 of an electric panel 505, natural leakage, wherein the system performs accord - including sensors, for providing electric service to con- sumer 510, as fed by current/power source lines 430. ingly. 50

[0036] Fig. 4 is an example of a case where there is a The panel also includes the RCD 540, and is constructed disconnect 410 in the neutral line 440 in a three-phase according to an embodiment of the present invention. board 400. If there is physical contact with the neutral The main ground 501 is shown, as well as the ground line 440 when there is a neutral line erro r,the danger of 550 for each load line. electric shock and death is real. [0043] All sensors are connected to a database and 55

[0037] If a person touches the disconnected neutral system controlle r(DSC) 580. The database and system line 440, this causes the human body to serve as neutral, controlle r580 monitors the data received from the sen- and electrocution occurs at a high voltage between two sors, and if there is a deviation of a paramete rfrom within of the phases 430, and the human damage is severe. an allowable range, DSC 580 sends a signal to relays 5 EP 3 550 688 B1 582 to cutoff the power ,as further described in Fig. 7. the result should be equal.

For example, if the maximum deviation of the setpoint [0051] Other tests and monitoring performe dby the threshold for leakage is detected, either an alert is sent inventive system are now described: or the power is cutoff via relays 582. Sensors: voltmeter 5 562, ammeter 564, ohmmeter 566, temperature sensor 1. Measuremen tof temperature in the panel: 568.

[0044] The ammeter 564 is measured for resolution of [0052] Using aT/C/thermistor/PT or other temperature the curren sensort for the phase conductor, as well as sensor, the temperature will be measured in the power on the neutral conductor and the ground conductor. Am- panel on the conductors and in the connector terminals. 10 meter 564 is a high accuracy device over a specific meas- The sensors are arranged to have an accuracy of 1 de- uremen trange. gree C and the check is performed every X seconds.

[0045] The system is enabled to perform the following [0053] Temperature sensors will measure the temper- tests: ature near electrica lconnections and in the space of the electric panel where they may be overloaded.

Ground testing: Setting Parameters: Warning of excessive temperature in the conductors near the connections.

Test type 1: Setting Parameter 9: Temperature to disconnect the conductors near the connections.

[0046] Check resistance between neutral and ground Setting Parameter 10: Genera ltemperature alert in the 20 for main ground and each load line: panel.

Continuous testing - for high frequency. Setting Parameter 11: Genera ltemperature in the panel Parameter 5: Maximum value allowed for resistance and to disconnect. alert.

Parameter 6: Maximum value allowed for resistance , 2. Control and inspection of the input voltage disconnect and alert.

[0054] Measuring voltage between each phase to neu- Test type 2: tral.

[0055] Comparison of allowed voltage to high or low [0047] Measuremen tof phase-to-neutral voltage and range, parameter 12. comparison to measuremen tof phase-to-ground voltage [0056] For unacceptable deviation in any phase, the measurement, for main ground and each load line. phase will be disconnected, and a warning will be dis- Parameter 7: Maximum voltage deviation between played. Voltage will be restored when its value return s phase-to-neutral voltage and phase-to-ground. to the permissible range.

Load Test - Connecting a consumer with a known resist- 35 ance between phase and ground and measuremen tof 3. Line delay after power failure. curren andt voltage and comparison to a specification value. [0057] The system will be able to set for each line whether a delay is required after a power supply or proac- Neutral testing: tive disconnection. 40

[0058] On the lines where a delay has been set, it will Test type 3: be M minutes from the moment of disconnecting, and after determining that the voltage is restored to normal. [0048] A check of the primary neutral connection for [0059] The power supply to the system will be the clos- each incoming power line and each load line: est to the main feed with protection. 45 Measuring the voltage on each line between phase and neutral and comparing to the average voltage in the last 4. Test loose connections: N days in the incoming line, which is parameter 10, the maximum deviation percentage . Beyond this deviation [0060] Using the data measured by the phase and neu- an alert will be displayed and then the relevant line will tra lcurrent meters of each line, including input lines, if 50 be disconnected. there is a decrease and a sharp increase measured in [0049] Measuremen tof the voltage between phase to the current in a short time (see Fig. 2 for example), the neutral shall be carrie dout with neutral load measured system will display an alert on a line where a loose con- by the current of each load line to be defined as con- nection is detected. It will be determined whether there sumption of more than X (X = average consumption in is a correlatio nbetween the increase in temperature in 55 the last N days, or other period). these conductors.

[0050] In addition to measuring phase-to-ground volt- age and comparing phase to neutral voltage, if the grounding is normal (according to the grounding section) 6 EP 3 550 688 B1 . Calculate current consumption per line: [0068] The motivation for this action is to avoid supply high current when it is not necessary, for example: an [0061] Use the current and voltage measuremen tdata electricity socket that is used most of the time only for for each line. charging the mobile phone can supply up to 10A/16A, 5 Parameter 13: Summary of consumption from the be- and in case of malfunction the current will be infinity until ginning of the period to the present for each line + general the circuit breaker will disconnect the power supply and summary; determine from which date the calculation pe- the damage will be high. The inventive system will learn riod begins. the usage of each line and if the line use is for charging Parameter 14: Cost of kWh ~0.5A, it will cut off the power when it will exceed the set 10 Graphical presentation of consumption. up threshold and will alert the user to approve the curren t Notice of abnormal consumption on each line. supply. 6. Reporting power consumption to the electricity provid- 10. Periodic testing for the ROD according to the ROD er company: manufacturer:

[0062] Power consumption is calculated, and reports [0069] The system will remind the consumer that the are generated for electricity providers, and sent via the RCD instrumen tshould be tested on the board, including Internet connection, either monthly or on demand. determining when the last test was performed.

[0063] The electricity provide rcompany can use this [0070] The system will detect whether the power is dis- 20 information for the billing and to learn the power con- connected by measuring the voltage or current from ex- sumption level and to prepar eits power supply system isting sensors in the input line connected at a system accordingly. point before the RCD and after the RCD. When the above scenario is recognized ,it will record that the RCD has 7. Remote control of the relays to turn on/off the current been tested. for each line; 11. Automatic Periodic testing for the RCD :

[0064] Remote contro lwill be done through the system application program, and will include the option to sched- [0071] Further to Section 10, a standard leakage (off- ule power-up shut down, for example, for lighting, boilers the-shelf) product can be assembled with automatic re- 30 etc. turn of voltage after X time.

[0065] Additionally or as an alternative, the system will [0072] Test the RCD when the minimum flow con- be connected to an infra-re d(IR)/radio frequency (RF) sumption is detected in the panel. The test will be done device to be able to contro lthe loads on the electrical once every X days according to the manufacture rinstruc- panel and will switch them off and on - for example, an tion (parameter 16) and the voltage will be returne dau- 35 air conditioner. tomatically, and user intervention will not be required .

Before the test, the user will be notified that the system 8. Abnormal level of power consumption and/or non- will perform the test in X days/hours and in the display standard operation: windows, the message forma tcan be determined by the user. 40

[0066] The system will recognize abnorma l current consumption according to the consumption history of 12. Overload Alert: each line, and will alert the user. The system will also recognize abnormal consumption related to non-stand- [0073] By using the current smeasurements of each ard hours, higher current consumption, etc. line, the system will alert the user if the current consump- 45 tion of this line is X% (for example above 90%). For each 9. Limiting the flow of current to a point: line, this value will be defined according to the circuit breaker type (having a current limit) to which it is con- [0067] Using current consumption data on a given line, nected. the system will calculate an average and standard devi- [0074] A load definition parameter will be defined as 50 ation of current consumption in the last N days (or other X% of the value of the current limit per the circui tbreaker time period) ,to determine whether there is excess con- type, in order to avoid current cut off by the circuit breaker sumption detected at X percen t(Parameter 15). If such due to overload. an excess is detected as compared with the behavior [0075] In addition, for 3-phase systems, the system will pattern of this line, the voltage will be disconnected, and compare loads between the 3 phases. If there is an X 55 the application will be notified that there is "an exception difference in the Y time range at the phase loads, the from the standard current consumption in this line." It will system will display a message that should split the loads be determined whether the new device connected is ap- between the phases and recommend which line to move proved. to any phase. 7 EP 3 550 688 B1

[0076] Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of the control is limited only by the appended claims. panel board 605 that is arranged to include all the re- quired sensors for the inventive system. Contro lpanel board 605 includes a number of circuit breaker s615 for

Claims (15)

Claims 5 the lines, with the option of adding modular breakers 610 to connect additional lines. Expansion module 610 con- 1. A method of monitoring, metering and improving sys- tains the required sensors that connect with the main tern parameters, including residua lcurrent sensitiv- controller of the system, constructed according loan em- ity setpoint and response over a time period in an bodiment of the present invention. A main breaker 620 electrical panel for a system having at least one pow- 10 is also shown . er incoming phase line X or multiple phase lines X, Y, Z wherein the reaction and accuracy are critica l Optional Control Panel Board Structure: to a decision to disconnect the power line with the malfunction prior to a residua lcurrent device, RCD, [0077] operation at a standard setpointfor power cutoff, said 15 method comprising:

1. The board shall include all the components cur- rently existing in the main board, circuit breake rand a. monitoring and measuring continuously nat- RCD. ura l leakage current in an electrica lcircui tof 2. The board will have a decorative cover, with a each of at least one line on the at least one single 20 Liquid Crysta lDisplay (LCD) panel or a touch screen power incoming phase line X; said natural leak- placed inside. age current is affected by a load placed on each 3. The system will include an application that will be one of said at least one line, and thus, is differen t transmitted the data/information/alerts/contr tool the for each one of said at least one line, thus, in an user via WIFI/RF/GSM/BT/web network and other. event of electric shock, the power cutoff is at a 25 4. The board includes a number of monitored lines, current that is lower than the RCD setpoint of and the possibility of adding modules to connect ad- 30mA or other setpoint; ditional lines. The additional modules only include b. analyzing a natural current leakage distribu - the relevan tsensors and relays, and will be control- tion in each of said at least one line by machine led by the software after installation and definition. learning algorithm and statistical calculation to 30 find the behavior of the natural current leakage Fig. 7 is a flow chart for a method for measuring current on each of said at least one line to set a value and leakage sensitivity and responding overatime period of a normal natural leakage of the usage of each in an electrica lpanel, wherein the system reaction and of said at least one line, and setting N days or accuracy are critica lto a decision to disconnect the line other time period to include in an average cal- 35 with the malfunction before the RCD cuts off power. In culation for the natural leakage value; box 750, the current is measured in each phase and neu- c. setting a leakage threshold in mA that can be tra lof each line. The difference between the currents changed in setup mode, said leakage threshold measured in the phase and neutral lines for each line is is greate rthan said average calculation for the calculated in box 760. In box 762 the difference is saved natural leakage; 40 in a data base as a leakage value for one of the lines with d. setting allowable deviation in leakage from a time tag. The leakage data and set natural leakage said setpoint in mA for alert; parameters for the specific line are analyzed in box 770. e. setting maximum deviation in mA to discon- In box 775 for every new measuremen tof leakage, the nect currents, wherein in case the current in said natural leakage parameter als ready calculated are offset, at least one line exceeds the maximum devia- 45 according to the definition wherein: Natural leakage = X1, tion, the current to said at least one line is dis- new measuremen t= and the offset = - X1 = the connected; difference .A comparison is made of the difference to the f. measuring the difference in current between threshold in box 780. If the maximum deviation is exceed- the main incoming phase and neutral lines; sav- ed, a decision is made in box 785, decide whether to ing said difference in a data base as a natural 50 disconnect or send an alert 787. If it is decided to discon- leakage value for line X with a time tag; nect, the curren tot the panel is disconnected in box 790. g. calculating the average value of the line X If it is decided to alert, an alert is sent in box 795. leakage in the last N time period; [0078] While the invention has been described with re- h. calculating the deviation of the current differ- spect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be ap- ence between the phase and the neutral for each 55 preciated that many variations, modifications and other load line at the present time, and the average applications of the invention may be made. Therefore, value calculated for the last N time period for the claimed invention as recited in the claims that follow each load line; is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but i. measuring the current in the ground conductor 8 15 16 EP 3 550 688 B1 and comparing it to said measured difference ; turns within a permissible range. and j. calculating the difference between the current 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising performin g measured in the phase line and the neutral line an insulation resistance test on the disconnected 5 and resetting maximum deviation in mA to dis- load line to check if the fault has been corrected. connect current such, that upon exceeding the maximum deviation, the current to the panel is 10. The method of claim 1 furthe rcomprising sending a disconnected. notice of abnormal consumption on the power line. 10

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said allowable de- 11. The method of claim 1 furthe rcomprising monitoring viation in leakage is 5mA or 10mA, beyond the nat- the distribution of loads between the incoming phase ural leakage, thus, said 5mA or 10mA deviation in lines, and providing a notice said distributio nis out leakage enables a power cutoff at said 5mA or 10mA, of an allowable range. beyond the natural leakage, in an event of electric 15 shock. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein after a power cutoff, said power is restore dto the electrical panel after a

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said natural leakage preset delay for each load line. current is monitored continuously, and said maxi- mum deviation is adjusted automatically, such that 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising calculating 20 the residua lcurren sent sitivity setpoint is continu- power consumption, and generating reports and ously updated. sending the reports via Internet connection as re- quired.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical panel (12, 505) is tested continuously for a prope rground 14. The method of claim 1 furthe rcomprising monitoring 25 connection within a specified value, if said ground the current consumption for each load line and au- connection is not within said specified value, the sys- tomatically cutting off power if said consumption is tern will aler tor disconnect the current to said elec- beyond the typical usage. trical panel is cut off. 15. The method of claim 1 furthe rcomprising measuring, 30

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical panel monitoring and learning by the machine learning al- (12, 505) is tested continuously for a prope rneutral gorithm of the current consumption and the curren t connection within a specified value, if said neutral leakage that exist in an electrical power circuit, in connection is not within said specified value, the sys- order to cut off the power when the current consum p- tern will aler tor disconnect the current to said elec- tion exceeds a predetermine dlimit. 35 trical panel is cut off.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the power is discon- Patentanspriiche nected for each load line independently. 1. Verfahre nzum Uberwachen, Erfassen und Verbes- 40

7. The method of claim 1 furthe rcomprising measuring sern von Systemparametern ,einschlieBlich des a temperature near electrica lconnections (22) and SollwertsfurdieFehlerstromempfindlichkeitund des a temperature in the space of the electric panel (12, Ansprechverhalten ins einerelektrische Schan lttafel 505) where they may be overloaded, and when de- uber einen bestimmten Zeitraum fur ein System mit tecting that the temperature is outside a normal op- mindestens einer Stromeingangsleitung X Oder 45 eration range, performin gthe steps of: warning by Mehrphasenleitungen X, Y, Z, wobei die Reaktion alert (787) of excessive temperature in the conduc- und die Genauigkeit maUgeblich fur eine Entschei- tors (22) near the connections; and determining gen- dung sind, die Stromleitung mit der Stdrung vor dem eral temperature fordisconnecting the power supply. Ansprechen einer Fehlerstromschutzeinrichtun g, ROD, bei einem Standardsollwert fur die Stromab - 50 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: schaltung abzuschalten, wobei das Verfahre naufweist: measuring voltage between each phase to neu- tral; a. das Uberwachen und kontinuierliche Messen comparing to an allowable range; des natiirlichen Leckstroms jeder der mindes- 55 in case said voltage is outside a permissible tens einen Leitung auf der mindestens einen ein- range in a certain phase, disconnecting that phasigen Stromeingangsleitung X in einem phase and displaying a warning; and Stromkreis; wobei der naturliche Leckstrom von reconnecting the voltage when the voltage re- einer Last beeinflusst wird ,die auf jede der min- 9 17 18 EP 3 550 688 B1 destens einen Leitung gelegt wird ,und welcher 2. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, wobei die zulassige Ab- daherfurjededermindestensein enLeitung un- weichung in der Leckrate uber die natiirlich eLeek- terschiedlich ist und im Faile eines Stromschla- rate hinaus 5mA Oder 10mA betragt und wobei diese ges die Stromabschaltung daher bei einer Abweichung in der Leckrate von 5 mA Oder 10 mA 5 Stromstarke erfolgt, welche geringer als der daher im Faile eines Stromschlags eine Stromab - RCD-Sollwert von 30 mA Oder ein anderer Soil- schaltung bei diesen 5 mA Oder 10 mA uber die na- wer tist; turliche Leckrate hinaus ermdglicht. b. das Analysieren einer naturlichen Leckstrom- verteilung injederdermindesten eins en Leitung 3. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, wobei der naturliche 10 durch einen maschinellen Lernalgorithmus und Leckstrom kontinuierlich uberwach twird und die ma- statistische Berechnung, urn das Verhalten des ximale Abweichung derart automatisch angepasst naturlichen Leckstroms jeder der mindestens ei- wird ,dass der Sollwert fur die Fehlerstromempfind- nen Leitung zur Festlegung eines Wertes einer lichkeit kontinuierlich aktualisiert wird. normalen naturlichen Leckrate der Nutzung je- 15 der der mindestens einen Leitung zu ermitteln , 4. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schalttafel und das Festsetzen von N Tagen Oder einer an- (12,505) innerhalb eines bestimmten Wertebereichs deren Zeitspanne zur Aufnahme in eine Durch- kontinuierlich auf einen ordnungsgemalien Er- schnittsberechnung eines naturlichen Leek- dungsanschluss uberpruf wirdt und wobei das Sys- werts; tern dann, wenn sich der Erdungsanschluss nicht 20 c. das Festsetzen einer Leckstromschwelle in innerhalb des bestimmten Wertebereich sbefindet, mA, die in einem Setup-Modus geandert werden Alarm auslost Oder die Stromverbindung zur Schalt- kann, wobei die Leckstromschwelle uber der tafel unterbrochen wird. Durchschnittsberechnung der naturlichen Leek- rate liegt; 5. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schalttafel 25 d. das Festsetzen einer zulassigen Abweichung (12,505) innerhalb eines bestimmten Wertebereichs der Leckrate von diesem Sollwert in mA fur ei- kontinuierlich auf einen ordnungsgemalien Neutral - nen Alarm; leiteranschluss uberpruf wirdt und wobei das System e. das Festsetzen einer maximalen Abweichung dann, wenn sich der Neutralleiteranschluss nicht in- in mA zur Stromabschaltung, wobei im Faile, nerhalb des bestimmten Wertebereichs befindet, 30 dass der Strom in der mindestens einen Leitung Alarm auslost Oder die Stromverbindung zur Schalt- die maximale Abweichung uberschreite t,der zu tafel unterbrochen wird. dieser mindestens einen Leitung hinfuhrende Strom abgeschaltet wird; 6. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, wobei der Strom fur jede f. das Messen der Stromdifferenz zwischen der Lastleitung gesondert abgeschaltet wird. 35 Haupteingangsphase und Neutralleitern wo; bei diese Differenz in einer Datenbasis als naturli- 7. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das cher Leckwert fur Leitung X mit einer Zeitmarke Messen einer Temperatu rin der Nahe der elektri - gespeichert wird; schen Anschlusse und einer Temperatu rim Bereich g. das Berechnen des Durchschnittswerts der derelektrischen Schalttafel (12,505), wo diese uber- 40 Leckage der Leitung X in der letzten Zeitspanne lastet werden konnen, und, wenn festgestellt wird , N; dass die Temperatu rauRerhalb eines normalen Be- h. das Berechnen der Abweichung des triebsbereichs liegt, das Durchfiihren derfolgenden Stromunterschieds zwischen der Phase und Schritte :Warnen vor uberhohte rTemperatu rin den dem Neutralleite rfur jede Lastleitung zum ge- Leitern (22) in der Nahe der Anschlusse durch Alarm 45 genwartigen Zeitpunkt von dem Durchschnitts- (787); und Festlegen einer allgemeinen Temperatu r wert, der fur die letzte Zeitspanne N fiir jede zum Abschalten der Stromversorgung. Lastleitung berechne twurde; i. das Messen des Stroms im Schutzleiter und 8. Verfahre nnach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend: das Vergleichen desselben mit dem gemesse- 50 nen Unterschied ;und das Messen der Spannung zwischen jeder Pha- j. das Berechnen des Unterschieds zwischen se und dem Neutralleiter; dem in der Phase und dem Neutralleite rgemes- das Vergleichen mit einem zulassigen Bereich; senen Strom und das Zurucksetzen der maxi- falls die Spannung in einer bestimmten Phase malen Abweichung in mA zur Abschaltung des auerhalb eines zulassigen Bereichs ist, das 55 Stroms, derart, dass bei Erreichen der maxima- Abschalten dieser Phase und das Ausgeben ei- len Abweichung der zur Schalttafel hinfuhrende ner Warnung; und Strom abgeschaltet wird. das Wiederanlegen der Spannung, wenn die Spannung in einen zulassigen Bereich zuruck- 10 19 20 EP 3 550 688 B1 kehrt. a. la surveillance et la mesure d’un courant de fuite naturelle en continu dans un circuit electri - 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das que de chacune d’au moins une ligne sur I’au Durchfuhre neiner Prufung des Isolationswider- moins une ligne de phase entrante d’alimenta- 5 stands auf der abgeschalteten Lastleitung, um zu tion unique X ; !edit courant de fuite naturelle est uberprufen, ob der Fehler korrigiert worden ist. affecte par une charge placee sur chacune de ladite au moins une ligne, et ainsi, est differen t 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das pourchacunedeladiteau moins une ligne, ainsi, Senden eines Hinweises auf abnormalen Verbrauch lors d’un evenement de choc electrique, la cou- 10 auf der Stromleitung. pure d’alimentation est a un courant qui est in- ferieur au point de consigne de RCD de 30 mA 11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das ou autre point de consigne ; Uberwachen der Verteilung der Lasten auf die Ein- b. !’analyse d’une distribution de fuite de courant gangsleitungen und das Erzeugen eines Hinweises, naturelle dans chacune de ladite au moins une 15 dass die Verteilung auerhalb eines zulassigen Be- ligne par un algorithme d’apprentissage auto- reichs liegt. matique et un calcul statistique pour trouve rIe comportemen tde la fuite de courant naturelle 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei nach einem Ab- sur chacune de ladite au moins une ligne pour schalten derStromversorgu dinge Stromversorgun g regler une valeur d’une fuite naturelle normale 20 derelektrischen Schalttafel nach einer voreingestell- de !’usage de chacune de ladite au moins une ten Verzogerung fur jede Lastleitung wiederherge- ligne, et Ie reglage d’une periode de N jours ou stellt wird. d’une autre periode de temps a inclure dans un calcul moyen pour la valeur de fuite naturelle ; 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das c. Ie reglage d’un seuil de fuite en mA qui peut 25 Berechnen des Stromverbrauchs und das Generie - etre change dans un mode etablissement, !edit ren von Berichten und das Senden der Berichte uber seuil de fuite est superieur audit calcul moyen eine Internetverbindun g,sofern erforderlich. pour la fuite naturelle ; d. Ie reglage d’un ecart admissible de fuite a 14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das partirdud poit int de consigne en mApouralerte ; 30 Uberwachen des Stromverbrauch furs jede Lastlei- e. Ie reglage d’un ecar tmaximal en mA pour tung und das automatische Abschalten der Strom- deconnecter des courants, dans lequel dans Ie versorgung, wenn der Verbrauch uber die typische cas oil Ie couran tdans ladite au moins une ligne Verwendung hinausgeht. depasse I’ecart maximal, Ie courant a ladite au moins une ligne est deconnecte ; 35 15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiter aufweisend das f. la mesure de la difference de courant entre Messen, Uberwachen und Erlernen des Stromver- les lignes de phase entrante principale et de brauchs und der Stromleckage in einem elektrischen neutre ; la sauvegarde de ladite difference dans Stromkre ismittels eines maschinellen Lernalgorith- une base de donnees comme valeur de fuite mus, um die Stromversorgun abg zuschalten, wenn naturelle pour la ligne X avec une etiquette 40 der Stromverbrau cheine vorbestimmte Grenze temporelle ; uberschreitet. g. Ie calcul de la valeur moyenne de la fuite de ligne X dans la derniere periode de temps N ; h. Ie calcul de I’ecart de la difference de couran t Revendications entre la phase et Ie neutre pour chaque ligne de 45 charge au moment present, et la valeur moyen- 1. Procede de surveillance, de mesure et d’ameliora - ne calculee pour la derniere periode de temps tion de parametres de systeme, incluant un point de N pour chaque ligne de charge ; consigne de sensibilite de courant residue !et une i. la mesure du courant dans Ie conducteur de reponse sur une periode de temps dans un panneau terre et la comparaison de celui-ci a ladite diffe- 50 electrique pour un systeme ayant au moins une ligne rence mesuree ; et de phase entrante d’alimentation X ou de multiples j. Ie calcul de la difference entre Ie couran tme- lignes de phase X, Y, Z dans lequel la reaction et la sure dans la ligne de phase et la ligne neutre et precision sont essentielles a une decision de decon- la reinitialisatio nde I’ecart maximal en mA pour necter la ligne d’alimentation presentan tIe dysfonc- deconnecter Ie courant, de telle sorte que lors 55 tionnement avant un actionnement d’un dispositif a d’un depassement de I’ecar tmaximal, Ie couran t courant residuel, RCD, a un point de consigne stan- au panneau est deconnecte. dard pour coupure d’alimentation, !edit procede comprenan:t 2. Procede selon la revendication 1, dans lequel !edit 11 21 22 EP 3 550 688 B1 ecart admissible de fuite est de 5 mA ou 10 mA, au- la panne a ete corrigee. dela de la fuite naturelle ,ainsi, !edit ecar tde 5 mA ou 10 mA de fuite permet une coupure d’alimentation 10. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en audit 5 mA ou 10 mA, au-dela de la fuite naturelle , outre !’envoi d’une annonce de consommation anor- 5 lors d’un vnement de choc electrique. male sur la ligne d’alimentation. 3. Procede selon la revendication 1 dans lequel !edit 11. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en courant de fuite naturelle est surveille en continu, et outre la surveillance de la distribution de charges !edit ecar tmaximal est ajuste automatiquement, de entre les lignes de phase entrante, et la fourniture 10 telle sorte que Ie point de consigne de sensibilite de d’une annonce selon laquelle ladite distribution est courant residue !est mis a jour en continu. en dehors d’une plage acceptable. 4. Procede selon la revendication 1 dans lequel Ie pan- 12. Procede selon la revendication 1 dans lequel apres neau electrique (12, 505) est teste en continu pour une coupure d’alimentation, ladite alimentation est 15 une connexion a la terre correcte dans une valeur retablie au panneau electrique apres un retard pre- specifiee, si ladite connexion a la terre n’est pas dans defini pour chaque ligne de charge. ladite valeur specifiee, Ie systeme alertera ou decon- nectera Ie courant dudit panneau electrique. 13. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre Ie calcul de la consommation d’energie, et la 20 5. Procede selon la revendication 1 dans lequel Ie pan- generation de rappor tset !’envoi des rapports via neau electrique (12, 505) est teste en continu pour une connexion Internet si necessaire. une connexion neutre correcte dans une valeur spe- cifiee, si ladite connexion neutre n’est pas dans ladite 14. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en valeur specifiee, Ie systeme alertera ou deconnec- outre la surveillance de la consommation de couran t 25 tera Ie couran tdudit panneau electrique. pour chaque ligne de charge et la coupure automa- tique de !’alimentation si ladite consommation est 6. Procede selon la revendication 1 dans lequel I’ali- au-dela de !’usage typique. mentation est deconnectee pour chaque ligne de charge independamment. 15. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en 30 outre la mesure, la surveillance et I’apprentissage 7. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en par I’algorithme d’apprentissage automatique de la outre la mesure d’une temperature pres de con- consommation de couran tet de la fuite de couran t nexions electriques (22) et d’une temperature dans qui existent dans un circuit d’alimentation electrique, I’espace du panneau electrique (12, 505) oil elles afin de couper !’alimentation lorsque la consomma- 35 peuvent tre surchargees, et lorsque I’on detecte tion de courant depasse une limite predeterminee. que la temperature est en dehors d’une plage de fonctionnement normale, la realisation des etapes de : avertissemen tpar alerte (787) d’une tempera - ture excessive dans les conducteurs (22) pres des 40 connexions ;etdeterminationd’unetemperaturege- nerale pour deconnecter !’alimentation electrique.

8. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre : 45 la mesure d’une tension entre chaque phase et Ie neutre ; la comparaison a une plage admissible ; dans Ie cas ou ladite tension est en dehors d’une 50 plage acceptable dans une certaine phase, la deconnexion de cette phase et l’affichage d’un avertissemen; tet la reconnexion de la tension lorsque la tension revient dans une plage acceptable. 55

9. Procede selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre la realisation d’un test de resistance d’isolation sur la ligne de charge deconnectee pour verifie rsi 12 £1 19 889 099 £ da EPS 550 688 Bl 14 Evaluating unlicensed DynamicPDF feature. Click here for details. [4:0:v8.0] Curren int milliAmps (mA) m 50 « 4B 47 46 45 44 45 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 11 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Time 330 Fig. 3 Evaluating unlicensed DynamicPDF feature. Click here for details. [4:0:v8.0] 380V Evaluating unlicensed DynamicPDF feature. Click here for details. [4:0:v8.0] Voltmeter 562 @ Ammeter 564 ؛AJ Ohmmeter 566 [r^i Temperature Sensor 568 (ye"' Fig. 5 Evaluating unlicensed DynamicPDF feature. Click here for details. [4:0:v8.0] Other Connectors for sensors & other data 630 EXPANSION MAIN SYSTEM PANEL 605 MODULE 610 00 * Live Live /(Brown) Circuit Breaker s615 Neut Neut. (Blue) Main Breaker 620 ־ Grnd Grnd. (Yellow) EP 3 550 688 B1 19 EP 3 550 688 B1 REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader’s convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard. Patent documents cited in the description • GB 2545460 A [0011] • GB 2318002 A [0011] 20 265778/2 CLAIMS 1. A method of monitoring, metering and improving system parameters, including residual current sensitivity setpoint and response over a time period in an electrical panel for a system having at least one power incoming phase line X or multiple phase lines X, Y, Z wherein the reaction and accuracy are critical to a decision to disconnect the power line with the malfunction prior to a residual current device, RCD, operation at a standard setpoint for power cutoff, said method comprising: a. monitoring and measuring continuously natural leakage current in an electrical circuit of each of at least one line on the at least one single power incoming phase line X; said natural leakage current is affected by a load placed on each one of said at least one line, and thus, is different for each one of said at least one line, thus, in an event of electric shock, the power cutoff is at a current that is lower than the RCD setpoint of 30mA or other setpoint; b. analyzing a natural current leakage distribution in each of said at least one line by machine learning algorithm and statistical calculation to find the behavior of the natural current leakage on each of said at least one line to set a value of a normal natural leakage of the usage of each of said at least one line, and setting N days or other time period to include in an average calculation for the natural leakage value; c. setting a leakage threshold in mA that can be changed in setup mode, said leakage threshold is greater than said average calculation for the natural leakage; d. setting allowable deviation in leakage from said setpoint in mA for alert; e. setting maximum deviation in mA to disconnect currents, wherein in case the current in said at least one line exceeds the maximum deviation, the current to said at least one line is disconnected; f. measuring the difference in current between the main incoming phase and neutral lines; saving said difference in a data base as a natural leakage value for line X with a time tag; g. calculating the average value of the line X leakage in the last N time period; h. calculating the deviation of the current difference between the phase and the neutral for each load line at the present time, and the average value calculated for the last N time period for each load line; i. measuring the current in the ground conductor and comparing it to said measured difference; and 17 265778/2 j. calculating the difference between the current measured in the phase line and the neutral line and resetting maximum deviation in mA to disconnect current, such that upon exceeding the maximum deviation, the current to the panel is disconnected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said allowable deviation in leakage is 5mA or 10mA, beyond the natural leakage, thus, said 5mA or 10mA deviation in leakage enables a power cutoff at said 5mA or 10mA, beyond the natural leakage, in an event of electric shock. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said natural leakage current is monitored continuously, and said maximum deviation is adjusted automatically, such that the residual current sensitivity setpoint is continuously updated. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical panel (12, 505) is tested continuously for a proper ground connection within a specified value, if said ground connection is not within said specified value, the system will alert or disconnect the current to said electrical panel is cut off. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the electrical panel (12, 505) is tested continuously for a proper neutral connection within a specified value, if said neutral connection is not within said specified value, the system will alert or disconnect the current to said electrical panel is cut off. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the power is disconnected for each load line independently. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring a temperature near electrical connections (22) and a temperature in the space of the electric panel (12, 505) where they may be overloaded, and when detecting that the temperature is outside a normal operation range, performing the steps of: warning by alert (787) of excessive temperature in the conductors (22) near the connections; and determining general temperature for disconnecting the power supply. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising: measuring voltage between each phase to neutral; comparing to an allowable range; 18 265778/2 in case said voltage is outside a permissible range in a certain phase, disconnecting that phase and displaying a warning; and reconnecting the voltage when the voltage returns within a permissible range. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising performing an insulation resistance test on the disconnected load line to check if the fault has been corrected.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising sending a notice of abnormal consumption on the power line.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising monitoring the distribution of loads between the incoming phase lines, and providing a notice said distribution is out of an allowable range.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein after a power cutoff, said power is restored to the electrical panel after a preset delay for each load line.

13. The method of claim 1 further comprising calculating power consumption, and generating reports and sending the reports via Internet connection as required.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising monitoring the current consumption for each load line and automatically cutting off power if said consumption is beyond the typical usage.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising measuring, monitoring and learning by the machine learning algorithm of the current consumption and the current leakage that exist in an electrical power circuit, in order to cut off the power when the current consumption exceeds a predetermined limit. 19