IL156120A - Breakwater - Google Patents

Description

156120 Ϊ7·ΤΙ 1 53468 Wave-Absorbing Breakwater D ΓΙ i · D O 2 D 1 ' "7 Λ Ί a I U -05-2003 Background of the Invention Field of the Invention The present invention relates to protecting structures, and more particular/, to breakwaters intended to protect coast areeis. beaches, vacht berthings, and port installations from sea waves.

State of the Art Breakwaters used at present are massive structures cutting off the entire depth of water ( sloping or vertical dams ) or resting on immovable supports ( transparent type breakwater ). The are intende d to resist the impacts of waves , to break the waves and to dissipate their energy.

Summary of the invention The breakwater of the present invention is a structure of concrete or other material having a iumping-off site and sloping superstructure consisting of blocks having through catch drains in them, wherein all blocks of the superstructure are arranged so as to define parallel drains, running through the entire breakwater depth in the direction of the wave, intended to absorb the wave in order to dissipate its energy, or, if needed, to utilize the energy of the wave.

Brief Description of the Drawings Fig.lA shows a plan view of the breakwater of the present invention.

Fig.lB shows a side view of the breakwater.

Fig.lC shows a general pespective view of the breakwater. Π¾.2Α a side view with characteristic structural features.

Fig.2B a plan view along Section b-b when the energy of water is utilized. * Fig.2C a plan view along Section b-b when the energy of water is damped. " ,2003 Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments of the Invention Sloping jumping-site 1 (Fig. 1A,1B,1C) is intended to undercut the waves, to separate them from the water surface and to guide them onto the sloping superstructure. The slope of the jumping-site and the superstructure is determined by the local conditions.

Knife-like grate 4 ( Fig.1B,1C ) of plastic or metal facilitates cutting the waves, reduces the impact and contributes into absorbing the waves by through catch drains 2 ( Fig. 1A and 1IB ) of circular or rectangular section. Additionally, through catch drains 2 may have spiral grooves along their interior.

Through catch drains 2 divide water into numerous separate flows. When necessary the energy of the waves may be abated if the catch drains are sufficiently long, or, alternatively, water may be taken off at the drains outlets and its kinetic energy converted into a different kind of energy. For instance, water may be fed onto a turbine or turbines to produce electric energy by means of corresponding hydraulic turbine generators.

The entire base of the breakwater with jumping-off site 1 ( Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C ) and the superstructure is placed upon immovable bottom supports 3 ( Fig.lB, 1C )and may be assembled of prefabricated blocks laid side by side to provide for the required breakwater length ( Fig. 1A ), stacked to provide for the required breakwater height ( Fig. 1B ) and arranged face to face to provide for the required length of catch drains 2 ( Fig. 1B ).

The side exposed to the sea ( Fig. 1A ) may have a straight (S) or a concave (C) shape, depending on the average of the waves in the protected coast area. unhampered transfer of water bottom soil. 4. The blocks the breakwater is assembled of may be standardized and put in mass production. 26. 05. 2003 Characteristics Structural Features Fig.lA, B and C given before show a general view of the structure without its characteristics features and only illustrate its operation principle.

The characteristics features of the structure are as follows: 1. The front side of the structure facing the incoming waves is sloped at an angle of over the horizontal plane (Fig.2 A) to reduce the hydraulic impact of the incoming wave on the breakwater. 2. The whole structure is divided into horizontal and vertical rows of hollow water intake blocks having a rectangular inner cross-section, said blocks being parallel to the concrete base 9 (Fig. 2A) of the structure and to one another and oriented along the direction of the waves and serving to absorb the wave across its height.

I 3. All vertical walls of the blocks accommodate support columns 5 (Fig.2A,B,C) passing through the walls perpendicularly to the base of the blocks ' to connect them and brace the entire structure. 4. Along their entire inner length from the water inlet to the water outlet, the blocks are sloping at an angle over the horizontal plan favorizing the inward water flow and preventing the reverse flow (Fig.2A).

. In the upper portion of the structure, drain holes 6 (Fig.2A) are made to collect water when waves gush over it. 6. When the structure is only used as a breakwater, i e. only to dissipate the energy of waves, inner width A of the blocks is first diminishing to grow abruptly at the end due to the absence of vertical side walls and to form a zone where water flows unrestrictedly and passes outside through the outlets (Fig.2C). The energy of water is thereby abruptly abated. 7. According to clause 6, the vertical support columns are thicker than the block walls along the entire length of the blocks. This forms additional obstacles °ν for the water asnd dissipated its energy (Fig.2C). 8. According to clause 6, the blocks along their entire inner length and the ς_, zone of unrestricted water flow 10(Fig2C) are equipped with randomly · positioned concrete sills 7 (Fig.2C) of different height and arbitrary shape fixed on the base of the blocks intended to additionally dissipate the energy of water by crating vortices. 9. When the structure is used as a transformer of the energy of waves, the blocks have varying width along their entire inner length (Fig.2B): first width A is diminishing, then, for the most of the length, width B stays unchanged, and at the end it grows providing for a water suction effect.

. According to clause 9, the vertical side walls of the blocks, at the back end of the structure, have a smooth bend to direct the water flow to water colleting gutter 8 (Fig.2B) and to accelerate it in order to use its energy in the turbines.

I 11. According to clause 9, the base and the side wails of the blocks are coated with plastic to reduce resistance to water flow. ,05, 2003 Abstract A wave-absorbing breakwater is a structure assembled of prefabricated blocks of concrete ( or some other material ) resting upon immovable bottom supports and having a sloping jumping-off site undercutting a wave, separating it from the water surface and guiding it onto a sloping superstructure made of blocks with through catch drains therein, where the energy of the waves is either dissipated or, if needed, utilized by means of conversion into another kind of energy.

Claims (15)

- - Claims

1. A wave-absorbing breakwater to utilization the energy of the waves erected on a concrete base resting on submerged piers and comprising: a. a set of hollow concrete blocks, having rectangular cross-section, and located on different horizontal and vertical levels, parallel to the said base and to one another and oriented along the direction of the waves, said concrete blocks have varying width along their entire inner length from water inlet to the water outlet ; b. a set of support columns passing vertically through all blocks to connect them and to brace the entire structure; c. a sloping water collection gutter positioned at thu inner back end of said hollow blocks.

2. A wave-absorbing breakwater as described in clmim 1 , wherein said varying width, of said hollow blocks, along their entire inner length from the wave facing side to the water outlet at the end, is firstly diminishing, then for the most of the length it stays unchanged and at the end it grows, thus providing a water suction effect.

3. A wave-absorbing breakwater as described in claim 2, wherein said hollow blocks have a smooth bend in the area adjacent to the water collection gutter, said smooth bend is oriented along the water flow in the gutter, in order to accelerate the water flow onto the turbines.

4. A wave-absorbing breakwater as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein the base and the side wails of said hollow blocks are coated with plastic material to reduce the resistance of water flow.

5. A wave-absorbing breakwater as described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein said breakwater have a slope on its front side facing the waves, to reduce the hydraulic impact of the incoming wave on said breakwater.

6. '■ 6. A wave-absorbing breakwater as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein said hollow blocks are sloping along the ir entire inner length, thus favoritina the inward water flow and preventing the reverse flow.

7. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any oie of claims 1-6, wherein hollow parts of said hollow block are made in form of catch drains of circular cross- section .

8. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein hollow parts of said hollow block are made In form of catch drains of rectangular cross-section. \ 156 ΪΣΟ/S ~~ c

9. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any one of claims 7-8, wherein said catch drains have spiral grooves along their interior.

10. A wave-absorbing breakwaner according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising knif-like grate positioned on the front of said , breakwater said knaif-like grate facilitates cutting of the waves and reduces the impact of the water and contribute to absorption of the wavee by catch drains.

11. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to claim 10, wherein knif-like grate is made of plastic material.

12. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to claim 10, wherein knife-like grate is made of metal.

13. \ . . .. - A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the side exposed to the sea, of said breakwater, have a straight shape. \ \

14. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to an/ one of claims 1-12, wherein the side exposed to the sea, of said breakwater, have a concave shape. . 15. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any one of claims 1-14, further comprising drain holes in the upper portion of said breakwater for collecting water when waves gushes over it.

15. A wave-absorbing breakwater according to any one of the previous claims and substantially as shown and described in specification and drawings.