IES86025Y1 - Agricultural product - Google Patents
Agricultural productInfo
- Publication number
- IES86025Y1 IES86025Y1 IE2011/0484A IE20110484A IES86025Y1 IE S86025 Y1 IES86025 Y1 IE S86025Y1 IE 2011/0484 A IE2011/0484 A IE 2011/0484A IE 20110484 A IE20110484 A IE 20110484A IE S86025 Y1 IES86025 Y1 IE S86025Y1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- particulate
- particle size
- average particle
- soil
- calcium
- Prior art date
Links
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002989 correction material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 229960005069 Calcium Drugs 0.000 description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 Cell Membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003050 macronutrient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021232 nutrient availability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 Cell Wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 Vacuoles Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003185 calcium uptake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular Effects 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is provided a fertilizer composition comprising a calcium oxide (CaO) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm.
Description
Title: Agricultural Product P Field of the Invention The invention relates to agricultural fertilizer for supply to soil to provide nutrients and optimum soil conditions to stimulate growth of plants. More particularly the invention relates to inorganic calcium based fertilizers.
Baclgground to the Invention Healthy plants require macro-nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S), and trace nutrients include iron, (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and boron (Bo). Both macro and trace nutrient availability is controlled by soil pH. In slightly to moderately alkaline soils, molybdenum and macro-nutrient (except P) availability is increased, but trace element levels are reduced and thus plant growth may be affected. In acid soils, micro-nutrient availability (except Mo and B0) is increased. Nitrogen is supplied as ammonium (NH4) or nitrate (N03) in fertilizer, and dissolved N will have the highest concentrations in soil with pH 6-8. Concentrations of available N are less sensitive to pH than concentration of available P. Soil pH is important for the crop growing process and the pH affects plant nutrient availability by controlling the chemical forms of the nutrient. The optiumum pH range for most plants is between 6 and 7.5. In order for P to be available for plants, soil pH needs to be in the range 6.0 and 7.5. If pH is lower than 6, P starts forming insoluble compounds with iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) and if pH is higher than 7.5 P starts forming insoluble compounds with calcium (Ca). Most nutrient deficiencies can be avoided between a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5, provided that soil minerals and organic matter contain the essential nutrients to begin with.
Calcium is a particularly important essential nutrient required for healthy plant growth. It is required for various structural roles in the plant cell wall and membranes, it is a counter-cation for inorganic and organic anions in the vacuole, and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is an obligate intracellular messenger coordinating responses to numerous developmental cues and environmental challenges.
In Ireland and other countries where there are relative high levels of rainfall, rain leachs basic cations from the soil with the result that acidic ions are concentrated, thus lowering the pH of the sool below optimum growing conditions. Al3+ and H+ cation concentrations concurrently increase.
When plants grow in acid soils, they are generally nutrient deficient and more susceptible to toxic forms of inorganics salts of metals such as aluminium or manganese. Aluminium toxicity is a particular concern, since Al?" cation is pa rtcularly soluble at acidic pH and causes severe root damage. Aluminium interferes with normal calcium uptake, binds to phosphate to interfers with normal plant cell processes and causes root stunting. Furthermore, in soils of below pH 4, hydrogen ions can damage root cell membranes. In soils with high content of Manganese (Mn) containing minerals, Mn toxicity can become a problem at pH 5.6 and below. Mn, like aluminum becomes increasingly more soluble as pH drops, and Mn toxicity symptoms can be seen at pH's below 5.6.
Mn is an essential plant nutrient, so plants transport Mn into leaves. Classic symptoms of Mn toxicity are crinkling or cupping of leaves.
Traditionally, pulverized or ground limestone is used as a soil conditioner to neutralize acidic soils.
Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock consisting of calcite and aragonite which are polymorphs of calcium carbonate. However, limestone has poor solubility in water and is only slightly soluble even in weak acid solutions.
Calcite can be either dissolved or precipitated by groundwater, depending on several factors, including the water temperature, pH, and dissolved ion concentrations. Calcite exhibits an unusual characteristic called retrograde solubility, in which it becomes less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
While ground limestone is effective at pH correction of acid soils, limestone is slow to breakdown in the soil. This means that the neutralising effects of the limestone are relatively slow and that it takes quite some time before beneficial levels of calcium accumulate in the soil.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an alternative to ground limestone fertilizer that addresses these deficiencies.
Statements of the Invention According to the present invention, as set out in the appended claims, there is provided a fertilizer composition comprising a calcium oxide (CaO) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm. The inventors have designed fertilizer comprising the Ca0 particulate fertilime or ”White Rhino Ferti|imeTM". in a related aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing a calcium oxide (CaO) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm comprising the steps of: (i) calcining limestone in a kiln to form a lump particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 40 to 100 mm; (ii) crushing the limp particulate formed in step (i) and screening to collect a fraction having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm; (iii) repeating step (ii) as required.
The skilled person will appreciate that limestone is primarily calcium carbonate (CaC03).
When heated, CaCO3 decomposes to CaO (also known as quicklime) which is an office white, highly alkaiine solid in lump form having an average particle size diameter of from about 40 to 100 mm.
This material has been used in the part as an agricultural fertilizer. However, CaO has not been used as a fertilizer or indeed has not been used in fertilizer compositions in particulate form having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm. The particle size of the CaO particulate of the invention means the material is still suitable for spreading. The skilled person will also appreciate that calcination reactions usually take place at or above the thermal decomposition temperature (for decomposition and volatilization reactions) or the transition temperature (for phase transitions). Typicaily temperatures are between 850- 1000 degrees centigrade.
Accordingly, in a third aspect of the invention, there is provided for use of a calcium oxide (Ca0) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm as a fertilizer or a pH correction material.
TM”) product of the The Ca0 particulate orfertilime (known as ”White Rhino Fertilime invention has several advantages over and above using limestone lump particular in fertilizer and/or pH correction applications. First, the Ca0 particulate of the invention, when applied to agricultural soil, displays a much faster breakdown time. This results in significantly more calcium availability for soil improvement in a shorter time period. Accordingly, the soii benefits from application far sooner that when traditional lime fertilizers are used as the rate of breakdown and availability of the calcium material is increased. Traditional limestone can take up to 2 years to fully break down to become available for the soil. Second, the Ca0 particulate of the invention has a higher total neutralizing value (TNV) than traditional lime fertilizers. The TNV is a measure of the ability of a material to neutralize soils and indeed raise soil pH. The CaO particulate of the fertilime or White Rhino Fertilimew product of the invention has a TNV of 170, whereas traditional Cao lump particulate has a TNV of 100. The highly alkaline nature of the fertilime or White Rhino Fertilimem product of the invention arises from the reaction of its main constituent CaO, with water. As CaO reacts with ground and atmospheric moisture, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH);) is generated. The hydroxide thus formed quickly raises the pH of the surrounding medium, for example, soil.
Further advantages arise from the inherently higher calcium content of the fertilime product of the invention when compared to traditional limestone or Ca0 ferlizers. Typically, fertilime ("White Rhino Ferti|imeTM”) has a calcium content of 65% w/w, whereas traditional CaO lump particulate has a calcium content of 65% w/w and ground limestone has a calcium content of
Claims (5)
1. A fertilizer composition comprising a calcium oxide (CaO) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm. 5
2. A method of preparing a calcium oxide (C30) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm comprising the steps of: (iv) calcining limestone to form a lump particulate having an average particle size i diameter of from about 40 to 100 mm; (v) crushing the limp particulate formed in step (i) and screening to collect a fraction 10 having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm; (vi) repeating step (ii) as required.
3. Use of a calcium oxide {Ca0) particulate having an average particle size diameter of from about 2 to 8 mm as a fertilizer or a pH correction material. 15
4. A composition as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying examples.
5. A process as substantially hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IES86025Y1 true IES86025Y1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| IE20110484U1 IE20110484U1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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