IES84669Y1 - A coating composition - Google Patents
A coating compositionInfo
- Publication number
- IES84669Y1 IES84669Y1 IE2006/0923A IE20060923A IES84669Y1 IE S84669 Y1 IES84669 Y1 IE S84669Y1 IE 2006/0923 A IE2006/0923 A IE 2006/0923A IE 20060923 A IE20060923 A IE 20060923A IE S84669 Y1 IES84669 Y1 IE S84669Y1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- coating composition
- pigment
- coloured
- base paint
- coloured coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 179
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 186
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VCYBIENCKPXWDZ-SGWCAAJKSA-N (4E)-4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxo-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(N\N=C\2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C/2=O)C(=O)NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VCYBIENCKPXWDZ-SGWCAAJKSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- IFURDYKCIIODMK-CAPFRKAQSA-N (2E)-2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1N\N=C(/C(C)=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 IFURDYKCIIODMK-CAPFRKAQSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000126 Latex Polymers 0.000 description 7
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- HERTVNKDSUIUDK-JBASAIQMSA-N (4E)-N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-4-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C(C1=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C2\C1=N/NC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl HERTVNKDSUIUDK-JBASAIQMSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxazine Chemical compound O1ON=CC=C1 PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- PBLXMLFSQXRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pigment A Chemical compound O=C1C2=C3C=C(C)NC(CCC)=C3C(=O)C2=CC(=O)C2=C1OC1C2(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 PBLXMLFSQXRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUUULVAMQJLDSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazole Chemical class C1CC=NS1 GUUULVAMQJLDSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- UWHBZLMSPZBZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,6-dione Chemical compound C=12C(=O)NC(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C2C(=O)NC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 UWHBZLMSPZBZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005069 Calcium Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003254 anti-foaming Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PBJZAYSKNIIHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;oxirane Chemical class C1CO1.CCOC(N)=O PBJZAYSKNIIHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HWLCXJRHGUPXJZ-RTLSQWIOSA-K sodium;iron(2+);(1E)-1-oxidoiminonaphthalen-2-one;(1Z)-1-oxidoiminonaphthalen-2-one Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+2].C1=CC=C2C(=N/[O-])\C(=O)C=CC2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(=N/[O-])\C(=O)C=CC2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(=N/[O-])/C(=O)C=CC2=C1 HWLCXJRHGUPXJZ-RTLSQWIOSA-K 0.000 description 3
- TXWSZJSDZKWQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,9-dimethyl-5,12-dihydroquinolino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione Chemical compound N1C2=CC=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(=O)C=1C(=CC=C(C=1)C)N1)C1=C2 TXWSZJSDZKWQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011776 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 strontium aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YGUMVDWOQQJBGA-VAWYXSNFSA-N 5-[(4-anilino-6-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-[(E)-2-[4-[(4-anilino-6-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(\C=C\C=2C(=CC(NC=3N=C(N=C(NC=4C=CC=CC=4)N=3)N3CCOCC3)=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=1NC(N=C(N=1)N2CCOCC2)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 YGUMVDWOQQJBGA-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000283986 Lepus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005084 Strontium aluminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Talc Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001055 blue pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXVRKNUZLYFDTJ-DDVLFWKVSA-L disodium;(5E)-6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C1N\N=C\1C2=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=CC/1=O TXVRKNUZLYFDTJ-DDVLFWKVSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SKBIICZGWLAFIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O SKBIICZGWLAFIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
Description
A COATING COMPOSITION
The present invention relates to a coating composition, and to a method of producing a
coating composition.
Paint or similar coating compositions such as lacquers, varnishes or wood stains, is used
by both the skilled professional decorator and the relatively unskilled do-it-yourself painter
for a variety of reasons. Typically, these are to brighten up the surroundings and/or to
match the colour of a particular item of furniture, floor or wall covering, and other surfaces
found in buildings.
The colour of a coating composition is often defined in terms of its CIELAB lightness
value, L*, its CIELAB chroma value, C* and its CIELAB hue value, h. "ClE" stands for the
Commission Internationale de |'Ec|airage and its CIELAB L*, C‘ and h values are well
known and widely used. L* is a measure of the perceived lightness of the colour and
"chroma", C*, is a measure of the intensity of a colour, ie. the extent to which it is either a
pastel colour or a strong colour or something in between. "Hue", h, is a measure of how
reddish, yellowish, greenish or bluish a colour is.
Hue is defined by the Commission Internationale de |'Eclairage (CIE) in the ‘International
Vocabulary of Lighting‘, 4th Edition, CIE 17.4(1987), ISBN 3900734070 as being “the
attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of
perceived colours red, yellow, green and blue. or a combination of two of them”. The hue
angle defines the position of the hue in the CIE L*a*b* colour space, where red, yellow,
green and blue are at angles of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°. Mathematically CIE hue angle, h,
is defined by,
h = arctan (b*/a*)
where a* and b* measure where the colour is on the opponent red-green and yellow-blue
axes respectively. They are related to the tristimulus values, X,Y and Z,
a* = 500 [(X/Xn)"0.333 - (Y/Yn)"O.333]
* = 200 [(Y/Yn)"0.333 —(Z/Zn)"0.333]
where Xn, Yn and Zn are the tristimulus values for the reference white under the relevant
illumination (e.g. D65 Northern sky daylight).
Another commonly used measure of lightness is Light Reflectance Value (denoted LRV or
Y). This measures lightness on a different scale to L*, which corresponds with the physical
amount of visible light reflected from a surface.
Consumers select a coating composition based on the requirements of the room in which
the coating composition is to be used, with that particular coating composition being
defined by the lightness, chroma and hue values.
possible while still wanting to use
dark rooms. With the limited
it is likely that
Consumers often desire to make rooms as light as
decorative colours. This is particularly the case for small,
space available for buildings, and the subsequent reduction in room size,
consumers will increasingly be looking to make rooms lighter as well as colourful.
Known coating compositions are limited in their LRV for the particular chroma required,
and therefore, when applied to a surface in the room, are consequently limited in how
much they can contribute to making the room lighter.
An object of the present invention is to provide a coating composition which when applied
to a surface in a room makes the room lighter than is possible with currently available
coating compositions having a similar chroma.
Thus according to the present invention there is provided a coloured coating composition
comprising a white base paint and at least one coloured pigment in a form that can be
readily mixed with the white base paint, the white base paint comprising a film-forming
polymer, a liquid carrier, one or more opacifying white pigments and one or more
extenders, the coloured coating composition having a light reflectance value Y less than
, and greater than that defined by the equation:
Y = mC + K,
where 25 > C > 1.0, C being the chroma of the coloured coating composition, m and K
being empirical coefficients selected according to the type and number of the type of the
at least one coloured pigment, and dependant on the hue angle of the coating
composition.
By applying a coating composition having a LRV which, when dry, is in the range defined
above to a room surface, the room is made lighter than would be the case with currently
available coating compositions having a similar chroma.
The empirical constants m and K are selected according to the type, i.e. organic or
inorganic, and the number of the type of coloured pigments, i.e. one, two, or three or
more, and are dependent on the hue angle of the coloured coating composition. It is to be
understood that the term organic also includes metal-organic ligand pigments.
in an embodiment of the invention describing a colour region A, the minimum LRV of the
coloured coating composition required is calculated using the empirical constants m and K
as defined in Table 3.
In an embodiment of the invention describing a colour region B, the minimum LRV of the
coloured coating composition required is calculated using the empirical constants m and K
as defined in Table 4. The minimum LRV to obtain a coloured coating region in colour
region A is above that required for colour region B, i.e. colour region B is a wider region.
One way of achieving a coloured coating composition in region A requires the white base
paint to have a minimum LRV of 93, the coloured coating composition to have a maximum
of 0.015wt% of carbon black pigment relative to the total dry weight of the coloured
coating composition (based on a typical solids wt% of 50 for this type of coating
composition), and then either, a maximum of two organic coloured pigments, or a
maximum of one inorganic coloured pigment, or a mixture of one organic pigment and one
inorganic pigment, the organic pigment capable of producing a coloured coating
composition having a first hue, and the inorganic pigment capable of producing a coloured
coating composition having a second hue, the first and second hues being separated by a
maximum angle of 20 degrees. If the coating compositions are within a difference of 20
degrees, they are considered to be of similar hue.
One way of achieving a coloured coating composition in region B requires the white base
paint to have a minimum LRV of 93, the coloured coating composition to have a maximum
of 0.022wt% of carbon black pigment relative to the total dry weight of the coloured
coating composition (based on a typical solids wt% of 50 for this type of coating
composition), and then either, three or more organic co|oured pigments in significant
quantities. or two or more inorganic coloured pigments in significant quantities, or a
mixture of one organic pigment, and one inorganic pigment, the organic pigment capable
of producing a coloured coating composition having a first hue, and the inorganic pigment
capable of producing a coloured coating composition having a second hue, the first and
second hues being separated by more than 20 degrees.
Thus it will be understood that the minimum co|oured coating composition LRV required to
achieve colour region A or B is dependant on the coloured pigments used.
The minimum LRV of 93 for the white base paint can be achieved by the selection of the
one or more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders according to the
equation:
w. < Y >9” +F.(1—w). < Y >p,.g
Y
w+(1—w).F
model =
where w is the weight fraction of the extender compared to the total weight of the one or
more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders, A and F are empirical
coefficients with values of 0.785 and -0.0969 respectively, is the opacifying white
pigments weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more extenders and
> is the weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more opacifying white
pigments, the weight averaged light reflectance values being defined by the equations:
ex! > — Zi Wi
(Y Zjw,..Yex, land _ Z/w,.Yp,.g
— Z: W!‘
Therefore, it is possible to obtain a white base paint with the required LRV by selecting the
white pigments and extenders accordingly.
Suitable examples of white pigments include titanium dioxide grades obtained via the
cleaner chloride production route as opposed to the slightly dirtier grades from the
sulphate process. Barium sulphate could also be used on account of its LRV value.
Suitable examples of extenders include precipitated grades of calcium carbonate, directly
mined calcium carbonates, clean grades of magnesium calcium carbonate (Dolomite),
clean grades of calcined, pulverized clays (aluminosilicates), and clean purified grades of
magnesium silicate. The dirtier grades of clays that are often used in paints should be
avoided.
In another embodiment, for the coloured coating composition to be defined within colour
region A, the coloured coating composition can include a photoluminescent compound
capable of emitting light in a particular part of the visible spectrum such that it increases
the chroma of the coloured coating composition. The photoluminescent compound (PLC)
may be an optical brightener, a fluorescing pigment or a phosphorescent pigment. It is to
be understood that the use of the PLC to obtain the minimum LRV required for region A is
not dependent on the white base paint having a minimum LRV of 93.
Suitable optical brighteners include Ciba® Uvitex® NFW and Tinopal CBSX (ex. Ciba
Speciality Chemicals PLC, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NX), and
Eastobrite OB1 [ CAS 15335] (Eastman Chemicals, PO Box 431, Kingsport TN
37662, USA).
Suitable flourescing pigments include Chartreuse AFN 10 (Radiant Color NV, Europark
1046, B-3530 Houthalen, Belgium), Invisible Blue 8. Invisible Cyan 8, Invisible Yellow S,
Invisible Lemon S, Invisible Red 8 and Invisible Red R (Glowbug Ltd, Lisle Lane, Ely,
Cambs. CB7 4AS, UK), Cartax CXDP [CAS 101289] (Clariant UK Ltd, Leeds, West
Yorks. LS18 4RP, UK), and Lumogen F570 (BASF plc, PO Box 4, Earl Road, Cheadle
Hulme, Cheadle, Cheshire SK8 6QG).
Suitable Phosphorescents pigments include heavy-metal doped strontium aluminates and
doped zinc sulphides (ex. Lawrence Industries, PO Box 3000, Tamworth, Staffs. B79
7XJ). Inorganic phoshors are preferred over organic ones because of cost and light-
fastness, with suitable examples given in ‘Inorganic Phosphors ; Compositions,
Preparation and Optical Properties, W M Yen and M J Weber Eds, ISBN 0849319498,
CRC Press, Publication date June 25 2004
Advantageously, it is therefore possible to increase the chroma of a coloured coating
composition by using a PLC , due to emission by fluorescence or phosphorescence in the
same part of the visible spectrum as the part of the incident light preferentially reflected by
the coloured pigments present. This negates the need to use a greater concentration of
coloured pigment and the associated reduction in the lightness of the coloured coating
composition due to the fact the more light is absorbed by the coloured pigments.
Conversely, it is possible to use a PLC to maintain the same level of chroma and reduce
the concentration of coloured pigment so that less light is absorbed and therefore the LRV
of the coloured coating composition is increased.
The PLC can be applied as a top clear coating composition over a base coating
composition, or the PLO in the form of an optical brightener or fluorescent pigment can be
dispersed in the white base paint.
By using the quantities of extender and white pigment as defined by the equation above, it
is possible to provide a coloured coating composition that has a higher LRV than those
known in the art.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of
producing a coating composition comprising a white base paint and at least one coloured
pigment in a form that can be readily mixed with the white base paint, the white base paint
comprising a film-forming polymer, a liquid carrier, one or more opacifying white pigments
and one or more extenders, the coloured coating composition having a light reflectance
value Y less than 110, and greater than that defined by Equation 4 below by selecting
quantities of extender and white pigment as defined by Equation 1 below.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of
producing a coating composition comprising a white base paint and at least one coloured
pigment in a form that can be readily mixed with the white base paint, the white base paint
comprising a film-forming polymer, a liquid carrier, one or more opacifying white pigments
and one or more extenders, the coloured coating composition having a light reflectance
value Y less than 110, and greater than that defined by Equation 4 below by adding a
fluorescent pigment capable of emitting light in a particular part of the visible spectrum
such that it increases the chroma of the coloured coating composition.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of
producing a coating composition comprising a white base paint and at least one coloured
pigment in a form that can be readily mixed with the white base paint, the white base paint
comprising a film-forming polymer, a liquid carrier, one or more opacifying white pigments
and one or more extenders, the coloured coating composition having a light reflectance
value Y less than 110, and greater than that defined by Equation 4 below by adding a
photoluminescent compound capable of emitting light in a particular part of the visible
spectrum such that it increases the chroma of the coloured coating composition.
The invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to Appendix
A, and the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a graph showing (LRV/K) against (chroma multiped by (—m/K)) for the coloured
coating composition examples (region A). and
Figure 2 is a graph showing (LRV/K against (chroma multiped by (—m/K)) for the coloured
coating composition examples (region B).
A coloured coating composition is created by mixing together a white base paint
comprising amongst other components, pigments and extenders, and a stable coloured
pigment dispersion which can be readily mixed with the white base paint. The coloured
coating compositions of Examples ‘I to 47 are given in Table 1 of Appendix A. In Table 1,
PLC refers to a photoluminescent compound, of which F is a fluorescent pigment, O is an
optical brightener, and P is a phosphorescent pigment. Table 1 also identifies the number
and type of coloured pigments used.
The pigments and extenders of the white base paint are selected according to their
individual LRV’s such that the light reflectance value of the white base paint is either
above a minimum requirement, in which case the white base paint can be classified as
clean (Examples 1 and 45) or below a minimum requirement, in which case the white
base paint can be classified as dirty (Example 17).
MEASUREMENT OF THE LIGHT REFLECTANCE VALUE
The light reflectance value of the pigments and extenders in powder form is measured as
follows:
Firstly, the powder is added to a shallow dish such that it completely fills the dish. it has
been found that a 250ml paint can lid is a suitable dish for this purpose. The filled lid is
then placed between two sheets of polyester film (‘Me|inex’ ( TM), film type S, 19 microns
thick), and stapled together such that the filled lid is tightly sandwiched between the two
sheets. The LRV of the powder in the dish can now be measured in a vertical orientation
against the standard port of a colour spectrophotometer. Whilst the above method is used
to measure the LRV of the powders, any known method of measuring LRV can be used.
The LRV of the white base paints, and the Hue, Chroma, and LRV of the coloured coating
compositions are measured by using a spectrophotometer on the dried coating.
PREPARATION OF A WHITE BASE PAINT (EXAMPLE 1)
The white base paint comprises the components and quantities as defined in Table 2
below.
Fcomponent Sub- Sub- Sub-component % by LRV
Component Component Chemical Name weight
No. Name
Liquid carrier 1 Tap Water Water 33.8
2 Dispersant Aqueous solution of 0.2
ammonium salt of an
acrylic polymer.
3 Anti-foaming Mineral oil blend (non- 0.1
additive silicone).
4 Non-ionic Aqueous solution of 0.5
surfactant ethoxylated alcohols.
Coalescing Benzyl alcohol 1.0
solvent
6 Biocide Aqueous solution of 0.05
isothiazolines and
halogenated alkanol
derivatives.
7 Thickener Sodium carboxymethyl 0.7
cellulose
8 Ammonia 0.88 SG ammonia 0.04
solution.
Extender 9 Extender A Coatings grade calcium 7.0 92.9
magnesium carbonate.
Extender 10 Extender B Coatings grade calcium 8.6 93.6
magnesium carbonate.
Pigment 11 Pigment A Coatings grade titanium 14.7 98.1
dioxide (rutile).
Pigment 12 Pigment B Opacifying Styrene- 4.8 97.0
acrylic co-polymer latex 4
(30%wt.solids) l ‘I
Film Forming 13 Binder Acrylic copolymer latex 28.5
polymer (53°/owt. solids), film-
forming at ambient
temperature.
Table 2
It is to be understood that white pigments are distinguished from extenders by their
greater LRV (Y > 95). This group includes inorganic compounds such as Titanium
Dioxide and Barium Sulphate. It also includes opacifying polymer pigments such as
‘Ropaque’ , available from the Rohm and Haas Company, 100 Independence Mall West,
Philadelphia, PA, 19106-2399, USA.
The white base paint is prepared as follows:
Firstly, a high-speed disperser (typical size 110mm diameter) is charged with 15 parts of
the tap water. The stirrer of the disperser is set at a low speed (typically 300rpm), and
sub-components 2 to 6 are added, followed by sub-components 9 to 11. The stirrer speed
is then increased to a higher speed (typically 1500rpm). and maintained at that speed for
minutes so as to disperse the components. Another 10 parts of the water is then added
to thin the dispersed components followed by adding sub-component 7, and dispersion at
the high speed for another 20 minutes. Then another 5 parts of water are added. This
preparation is referred to as the mill base.
Sub-component 13 is then added to a separate mixing vessel (typical paddle size 150mm
diameter), and the stirrer is started (typical stirring speed 500rpm). Sub-components 12, 8,
the mill base, and 3.8 parts of water are then added sequentially to the separate mixing
vessel, and the contents are stirred for 10 minutes. For clarity, it is to be understood that
the term ‘part’ relates to the weight percentage of the white base paint, so for example 15
parts of tap water relates to 15% of the weight of the white base paint. It can be seen that
the total parts of water equates to 33.8, is. the weight percentage of water in the white
base paint.
The white base paint of Example 1 is prepared such that it has a LRV which is at least 93.
Extenders A and B, and pigments A and B are selected according to there LR\fs such
that they meet the minimum LRV requirement of the white base paint. This selection is
based on Equation 1 below.
+ w. < Y >9“ +F.(1— w). < Y >p,.g
w+(1—w).F
Eguation 1
where w is the weight fraction of the extender compared to the total weight of the one or
more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders. A and F are empirical
coefficients with values of 0.785 and -0.0969 respectively, is the opacifying white
pigments weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more extenders and
> is the weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more opacifying white
pigments, the weight averaged light reflectance values being defined by the Equations 2
and 3 below.
_ Z,,w,..Yex, _ Z’, w, .Yp,g
—— , and —
Eguation 2 Eguation 3
In this example detailed in Table 2, the extenders make up 15.6% by weight of the white
base paint, and the pigments make up 19.5% by weight of the white base paint, and
therefore w is equal to 0.44.
Applying the data from Table 2 to Equations 2 and 3 gives the weight-averaged light
reflectance value of the one or more extenders and the one or more opacifying white
pigments. lnputting these values into Equation 1 gives a LRV (Ymodel) of the white base
paint of 95.4. The measured LRV of the white base paint is 95.6.
Thus it can be seen that the extenders and pigments have been specifically selected on
both type and quantity to create a white base paint that has a minimum LRV of 93.
PREPARATION OF A COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION (EXAMPLE 2)
The coloured coating composition according to Example 2 of Table 1 is prepared by
adding, and stirring in, 0.01769 of organic coloured pigment in the form of CI Pigment Red
Monoazo (CAS 65352) to 12989 (1 litre) of the white base paint of Example 1.
The coloured pigment is provided in a stable dispersion (colorant) that is readily miscible
with the white base paint of Example 1. As an alternative to stirring in the colorant, it is
also possible to shake the colorant and white base paint to produce the coloured coating
composition.
The present invention relates to a coloured coating composition having a LRV value Y
which is less than 110, and greater than that defined by Equation 4 below.
Y=mC+K
Eguation 4
C is the chroma of the coloured coating composition and is limited according to, 25 > C >
1.0
The empirical constants m and K are selected according to the type, i.e. organic or
inorganic, and the number of the type of coloured pigments, ie. one, two, or three or
more, and are dependent on the hue angle of the coloured coating composition.
For colour region A, m and K are defined according to Table 3, and for colour region B, m
and K are defined according to Table 4.
Hue
angle ° m A k A
O -1.364 91.713
-1.356 91.952
-1.443 91 .757
-1.387 92.262
-1.305 92.703
-1.209 93.071
-1.113 93.440
-1.017 93.808
-0.822 94.732
-0.485 93.225
-0.330 92.357
-0.525 92.872
-0.719 93.386
-0.919 93.803
-0.945 93.661
-0.970 93.520
-0.996 93.378
170 -1.034 93.238
180 -1.127 93.104
190 -1.220 92.971
200 -1.312 93.086
210 -1.513 92.208
220 -1.745 91.330
230 -1.980 90.509
240 -1.949 90.197
250 -1.919 89.886
260 -1.888 89.575
270 -1.858 89.263
280 -1.827 88.952
290 -1.797 88.641
300 -1.799 88.878
310 -1.840 89.482
320 -1.808 89.998
330 -1.450 91.389
340 -1.360 91.340
350 -1.362 91.526
360 -1.364 91.713
Table 3
Hue
angle ° m B K B
-1.650 90.213
-1.643 90.452
-1.587 90.957
-1.581 87.462
40 -1.433 91.903
50 -1.337 92.271
60 -1.267 89.640
70 -1.145 93.008
80 -0.911 93.432
90 -0.553 92.425
100 -0.355 91.557
110 -0.558 88.072
120 -0.743 92.586
130 -1.006 93.003
140 -1.032 92.861
150 -1.057 92.720
160 -1.083 92.578
170 -1.131 92.438
180 -1.224 92.304
190 -1.317 92.171
200 -1.410 92.286
210 -1.643 91.4
220 -1.874 90.530
230 -2.169 89.709
240 -2.138 89.397
250 -2.145 86.086
260 -2.077 88.775
270 -2.047 88.463
280 -2.016 88.152
290 -1.985 87.841
300 -1.968 88.078
310 -2.009 88.682
320 -1.986 89.198
330 -1.806 89.889
340 -1.646 89.840
350 -1.648 90.026
360 -1.650 90.213
Table 4
It is to be understood that values of m and K at hue angles intermediate those shown in
Tables 3 and 4 are obtained by linear interpolation.
Thus equation 4 defines two minimum LRV’s required for colour regions A and B,
depending on the type and number of coloured pigments used.
After preparing the white base paint of Example 1, and then adding the coloured pigment,
the LRV, hue and chroma of the coloured coating composition was measured using a
spectrophotometer, with the results, together with the minimum required LRV for the
coating composition to be in the range defined by Equation 4, given in Table 5 of
Appendix A.
To determine whether or not a coating composition falls within the claimed region defined
by Equation 4, the LRV, chroma, and hue are measured. The minimum LRV required is
calculated using Equation 4. using the measured chroma value, and the m and K values
that correspond to the measured hue angle selected from either Table 3 or 4 depending
on whether Region A or Region B is appropriate. If the measured LRV is greater than the
minimum LRV required, and less than 110, then the coating composition falls within the
claimed region.
It can be seen from Table 5 that the measured LRV of the coloured coating composition of
Example 2 is 90.5 and that this is less than 110 and greater than the minimum LRV of
.9 required according to Equation 4 (Region A) for the hue and chroma of the coloured
coating composition.
The coloured coating composition falls within the range defined by Equation 4 (Region A)
by virtue of the selection of one organic coloured pigment in a significant quantity, having
no carbon black pigment, and selecting the opacifying pigments and extenders according
to Equation 1 so that the white base paint has an LRV greater than 93, i.e. it is a clean
white base paint.
For the avoidance of doubt, the tenn significant relates to the quantity of coloured pigment
required to significantly detract from the lightness of the coloured coating composition, at
a particular chroma. Whether or not the quantity of coloured pigment is considered to be
significant is determined by the quantity required that gives a colour difference, delta E
(CIE 1965 10° observer) of 2 for an inorganic pigment, and 3.5 for an organic pigment.
Quantities of pigment below these levels are not considered significant, and therefore do
not constitute a pigment for the purposes of determining the number of pigments present
to determine whether colour region A or B applies for the minimum LRV requirement.
Table 9 gives the maximum permitted quantities of the coloured pigments used in the
white base paint of Example 1 before they detract significantly from the lightness of the
coloured coating composition. This quantity is defined by the amount of coloured pigment
that changes the colour of the coating composition by the amounts shown. The colour
change is quantified in terms of delta E for the 10° standard observer as defined by the
CIE in 1965 (see e.g. ‘The Reproduction of Colour’, by R W G Hunt, Wiley, 2004, ISBN
0470024259). Here the levels were predicted using Kubelka-Munk theory and
experimental scattering and absorption coefficients for the white base paint and the
coloured pigments (see P Kubelka and F Munk, Zeits. f. techn. Physlk, (12); 593-601,
1931 ). They could alternatively be obtained by experiment.
Table 9
Maximum Colour Predicted level in Predicted level in
Difference Allowed (CIE white base of white base of
Colouredflgfent Type delta E (10° observer)) Example 1 vvt% Example 1 g/litre
CI Pigment Red 101 inorganic 2 0.0026 0.034
Cl PigmentYellow 42 inorganic‘ 2 0.0085 0.11
CI Pigment Blue 15.3 organic 3.5 0.00048 0.0063
Cl Piqfla-nt Violet 23 organic 3.5 0.00056 0.0073
CI Pigment Red 112 or anic 3.5 0.00089 0.012
CI Pigment Yellow 74 organic 3.5 0.0041 0.0PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITIONS
(EXAMPLES 3 to 16)
Examples 3 to 16 are examples of alternative coloured coating compositions which also
use organic coloured pigments to give a different hue and chroma. Each of the organic
pigments are added to 1298g of the white base paint of Example 1. The type and quantity
of coloured pigment, together with the chroma, hue, minimum LRV required, and
measured LRV for the coloured coating composition are given in Tables 1 and 5 in the
same way as Example 2.
It can be seen from Tables 1 and 5 that by providing a white base paint with a LRV above
93, and using either one or two coloured organic pigments, i.e. a maximum of two organic
pigments, and less than 0.015wt% of carbon black pigment by virtue of having no black
pigment, the resulting coloured coating composition falls within the LRV range defined by
Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE WHITE BASE PAINT (EXAMPLE 17)
An alternative white base paint comprises the components and quantities as defined in
Table 6 below.
Component Sub- Sub- Sub-component %by LRV
Component Component Chemical Name weight
No. Name
Liquid 1 Tap Water Water 37.98
carrier
2 Dispersant Aqueous solution 0.3
of ammonium
salt of an acrylic
polymer.
3 Anti- Mineral oil blend 0.2
foaming (non-silicone).
additive
4 Non-ionic Aqueous solution 0.69
surfactant of ethoxylated
alcohols.
Coalescing White spirit and 2.85
solvents high boiling ester
alcohols.
Biocide Aqueous solution 0.2
of isothiazolines
and
formaldehyde.
Thickener Sodium 0.55
carboxymethyl
cellulose
.88 SG
ammonia
solution.
Ammonia 0.03
Extender 9 Extender A Kaolin 14.0 85.0
Extender B Kaolin 11.0 87.0
Calcium 10.2 95.2
carbonate
Extender C
Pigment 12 Pigment A Coatings grade 9.5 95.5
titanium dioxide
(rutile).
Film 13 12.5
Forming
Polymer
Binder Styrene-acrylic
copolymer latex
(50%wt. solids),
film-forming at
ambient
temperature.
Table 6
The alternative white base paint of Example 17 is prepared as follows:
Firstly, a high-speed disperser the same as that used above is charged with 25 parts of
the tap water. The stirrer of the disperser is set at a low speed, and sub-component 2, 0.1
parts of sub-component 3 is added, followed by sub-components 9 to 11. The stirrer
speed is then increased to a higher speed, and components 12 and 7 are added. The
mixture is dispersed for 30 minutes. An additional 12.98 parts of the water is then added
to thin the dispersed components followed by adding 0.1 parts of sub-component 3 and
sub-component 6, and dispersion at the high speed for another 10 minutes. This
preparation is referred to as the mill base.
Sub-component 13 is then added to a separate mixing vessel the same as that used
above, and the stirrer is started. Sub-component 8 and the mill base is then added to the
mixing vessel and the contents are stirred for 10 minutes.
Using the LRV’s of the pigments and extenders from Table 6, Equation 1 gives the light
reflectance value (Ym°de|) of the white base paint as 89.7. The measured LRV of the white
base paint is 89.2.
Thus, the white base paint of Example 17 is prepared such that it has a LRV which is
below 93, with extenders A, B and C, and pigment A selected accordingly. The white base
paint of Example 17 is therefore a dirty base, in contrast to the clean base of Example 1.
PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLES 18 AND 19)
The coloured coating composition of Example 18 is prepared by adding, and stirring in,
0.725g of organic coloured pigment in the form of CI Pigment Yellow 74 Monoazo to
1414g (1 litre) of the white base paint of Example 17. The coloured pigment is provided in
a stable dispersion (colorant) that is miscible with the white base paint of Example 17, in
the same way that the coloured pigments of Examples 2 to 16 were readily miscible with
the white base paint of Example 1.
This coloured coating composition has a hue of 94.3, a chroma of 15.7, and a measured
LRV of 85.9. From Equation 4, the minimum LRV required is 86.3. Thus it can be seen
that the coloured coating composition comprising the base paint of Example 17, and the
pigment of Example 18 does not fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
The coloured coating composition of Example 19 is prepared by using the coloured
coating composition of Example 18 as a base coating, i.e. applied to a surface to be
painted first, and then applying a clear top coating composition containing a
photoluminescent compound in the form of a phosphorescent pigment on top of the base
coating.
The top coating composition comprises the components of Table 7 below.
Component Sub- Sub- Sub-component % by
Component Component Chemical Name weight
No. Name
Liquid 1 Tap Water Water 8.24
carrier
2 Humectant Glycol Ether 2.35
3 Anti-foaming Mineral oil blend 0.329
additive (non-silicone).
4 Anionic Sulfosuccinate 0.145
surfactant
Coalescing 1.49
solvents
high boiling ester
alcohols.
Biocide Aqueous solution 0.196
of isothiazolines
and halogenated
alkanol
derivatives.
Thickener A Hydrophobically 4.34
-modified
Ethylene Oxide
Urethane
(HEUR) rheology
modifier.
Thickener B Hydrophobica|ly- 0.504
modified Alkali-
Swellable
Emulsion
(HASE) rheology
modifier.
Binder 9 Binder Acrylic 80.40
copolymer latex
(46°/owt. solids),
film-forming at
ambient
temperature.
Rare-earth metal 2.0
doped Strontium
Aluminate, grade
SA-50 Yellow,
ex. Lawrence
Industries, PO
Box 3000,
Tamworth,
Staffs. B79 7XJ
Phosphorescent
Pigment
Pigment 10
Table 7
Thus it can be seen that the top coating composition does not contain any other coloured
pigments apart from the phosphorescent pigment.
The top coating composition is prepared as follows:
Firstly, a mixing vessel is charged with 6.26 parts of sub-component 1 and all of sub-
components 2 and 5. Whilst stirring, sub-components 7 and 8 are slowly added. This
mixture is stirred for another two minutes before adding sub-components 4 and 3. This
mixture is then stirred for another 10 minutes before adding sub-component 6, and 8.72
parts of sub-component 9. This mixture is stirred for another 20 minutes and then the
remainder of sub-component 9 is added slowly whilst still stirring. The remainder of sub-
component 1 is then added, the mixture is stirred for another 20 minutes, and then sub-
component 10 is added.
The top coating composition is then applied over the base coating composition of
Example 18.
It can be seen from Table 5 that the base coating composition has a LRV that is outside
the range of Equation 4 (Region A). However, when the top coating composition is applied
over the base coating composition, the measured LRV is 85.8, which is greater than the
minimum of 84.7 required by Equation 4 (Region A). Thus it can be seen that is the
phosphorescent pigment in the coloured top coating composition that enables the
combined base and top coating composition to fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region
A). More specifically, it is the fact that a yellow phosphorescent pigment is used in the top
coating composition that increases the chroma of the combined coating due to the
presence of the yellow pigment in the base coating.
Furthermore, it can also be seen that the LRV of the combined base and top coating
composition is achieved using a dirty white base paint, and therefore the phosphorescent
pigment is able to increase the chroma of the combined coating composition despite using
the dirty white base paint.
PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITIONS
(EXAMPLES 20 AND 21)
Examples 20 and 21 are identical to Examples 18 and 19 except that an organic red
pigment is used in the base coating of Example 20, and therefore, a red phosphorescent
pigment (SA—50 Red, ex. Lawrence industries) is used in the top clear coating of Example
21.
A comparison of Examples 20 and 21 shows that it is the use of the red phosphorescent
pigment in the top clear coating that increases the chroma of the combined coating.
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 22)
The coloured coating composition of Example 22 is prepared by dispersing 5.0 g of a
photoluminescent compound in the form of fluorescent pigment Chartreuse AFN 10
(Radiant Color NV, Europark 1046, B-3530 Houthalen, Belgium) in 1414 g (1 litre) of the
white base paint of Example 17.
From Tables 1 and 5 it can be seen that the coloured coating comprising a mixture of the
dirty base coat of Example 17 and the fluorescent pigment falls within the range of
Equation 4 (Region A). Thus, the use of a fluorescent pigment to increase the chrome and
LRV also applies to a coating composition based on a dirty base.
PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITIONS
(EXAMPLES 23 AND 24)
The coloured coating composition of Example 23 is prepared by adding 0.0740g of
Magenta organic coloured pigment in the form CI Pigment Red 122 Quinacridone to 1414
g (1 litre) of the white base paint of Example 17. It can be seen from Table 5 that the
coloured coating composition does not fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
The coloured coating composition of Example 24 is prepared by adding 7.07g of
fluorescent pigment AFN 18 Magenta (Radiant Color NV, Europark 1046, B-3530
Houthalen, Belgium) to the coloured coating composition of Example 23.
From Tables 1 and 5 it can be seen that the addition of the fluorescent pigment gives a
coloured coating composition that falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 25)
The coloured coating composition of Example 25 is prepared by using the coloured
coating composition of Example 23 as a base coat, and then adding a clear top coating
composition containing a fluorescent compound.
The top coating composition comprises the components of Table 7a.
Component Sub- Sub- Sub-component % by
Component Component Chemical Name weight
No. Name
Liquid 1 Tap Water Water 39.482
carrier
Humectant Glycol Ether 2.289
Anti-foaming Mineral oil blend 0.308
additive (non-silicone).
Non-ionic C13-C15 Fatty 0.011
surfactant acid alcohol
ethoxylate, 80%
in water.
anionic Polycarboxylic 0.498
pigment acid salt, 25% in
dispersant water
Coalescing Benzyl alcohol 2.139
solvents and high boiling
ester alcohols.
Thickener A Hydrophobically 5.970
—modified
Ethylene Oxide
Urethane
(HEUR) rheology
modifier.
Thickener B Sodium 0.706
Carboxymethyl
Cellulose.
9 Ammonia Aqueous 0.100
ammonia
solution 0.880
g/ml
Film 10 Binder Acrylic 42.776
Forming copolymer latex
Polymer (50°/owt. solids),
film-forming at
ambient
temperature.
Pigment 11 Matting agent Synthetic silica 5.224
Fluorescent AFN 18 Magenta 0.498
pigment ex Radiant Color
dispersion NV, Europark
, B-3530
Houthalen,
Belgium.
Table 7a
The top coating composition is prepared as follows:
Firstly, a high speed dispersion vessel as used above is charged with 24.87 parts of sub-
component 1 and 1.108 parts of sub-component 3, the contents being stirred at low
speed. Subcomponents 4 and 8 are slowly added, and the mixture is stirred for 30
minutes. Sub-components 5, 6, 2 and 7 and another 9.59 parts of sub-component 1 are
then added followed by the slow addition of sub-component 11. The mixture is then
dispersed at a higher speed for 60 minutes, and the remaining part of sub-component 1 is
added. This preparation is referred to as the mill base.
Sub-component 10 is then added to a separate mixing vessel as used above. and the
stirrer is started. Sub-component 9 is slowly added followed by the mill base, Sub-
component 12 is then added and the contents are stirred for 5 minutes.
The top coating composition is then applied over the base coating composition of
Example 23.
It can be seen from Table 5 that the base coating composition has a LRV that is outside
the range of Equation 4 (Region A). However, when the top coating composition is applied
over the base coating composition, the measured LRV is 68.3 which is greater than the
minimum of 61.9 required by Equation 4 (Region A). Thus it can be seen that is the
fluorescent pigment in the coloured top coating composition that enables the combined
base and top coating composition to fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region A). More
specifically, it is the fact that a magenta flourescent pigment is used in the top coating that
increases the chroma of the combined coating due to the presence of the red pigment in
the base coating.
Furthermore, it can also be seen that the LRV of the combined base and top coating
composition is achieved using a dirty white base paint, and therefore the fluorescent
pigment is able to increase the chroma of the combined coating composition despite using
a dirty white base paint.
It can also be seen that the fluorescent pigment can be used as part of a top coating
composition as well as dispersed in the white base paint as described in relation to the
coloured coating composition of Example 22.
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 26)
The coloured coating composition of Example 26 is prepared by dispersing 5.0 g of
fluorescent pigment Chartreuse AFN 10 (Radiant Color NV, Europark 1046, B-3530
Houthalen, Belgium) to 12989 (1 litre) of the clean white base paint of Example 1.
From Table 5 it can be seen that the fluorescent pigment provides a coloured Coating
composition in a high part of the range defined by Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITIONS
(EXAMPLES 27 AND 28)
The coloured coating composition of Example 27 is prepared by adding 0.03649 of
coloured organic pigment in the form of CI Pigment Blue 15.3 Phthalocyanine (CA8 147-
14-8) to 1414 g (1 litre) of the white base paint of Example 17. It can be seen from Table 5
that the coloured coating composition does not fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region
A).
The coloured coating composition of Example 28 is prepared by adding 84.8 g of
photoluminescent Compound in the form of optical brightener Ciba® Uvitex® NFW (ex.
Ciba Speciality Chemicals PLC, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK1O 2NX) to the
coloured coating composition of Example 27.
From Tables 1 and 5 it can be seen that the addition of the optical brightener gives a
coloured coating composition that falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region A) despite
the fact that a dirty white base paint is used, by virtue of the increased chroma and LRV.
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 29)
The coloured coating composition of Example 29 is identical to the coloured coating
composition of Example 27 except that the organic blue pigment is added to the white
base paint of Example 1, i.e. the clean base paint, as opposed to the dirty white base
paint of Example 17.
From Table 5 it can be seen the coloured coating composition falls within the range of
Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 30)
The coloured coating composition of Example 30 is prepared by adding 26.0 g of optical
brightener in the form of Ciba® Uvitex® NFW (ex. Ciba Speciality Chemicals PLC, Charter
Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NX) to the coloured coating composition of Example
29.
From Table 5 it can be seen the coloured coating composition falls in a high part of the
range of Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITIONS
(EXAMPLES 31 TO 44)
Examples 31 to 44 are examples of alternative coloured coating compositions having a
different hue and chroma which use coloured pigments in the form of inorganic pigments,
in addition to organic pigments in the case of Examples 32,36,39,40,41,42,43, and carbon
black pigment in the case of Example 44. Examples 31,33,34,35,37,38 use inorganic
pigments only. Each of the inorganic pigments are added to 12989 of the white base paint
of Example 1. The type and quantity of coloured pigment. together with the chroma, hue.
minimum LRV required, and measured LRV for the coloured coating composition are
given in Tables 1 and 5 in the same way as Examples 2 to 30.
Example 31 and Examples 33 to 35 contain two inorganic coloured pigments, i.e. more
than the maximum of one inorganic coloured pigment required for the m and K values
relating to colour region A, and therefore the values of m and K from Table 4 are inputted
into Equation 4 to determine the minimum LRV required to be in the range defined by
Equation 4 (Region B). It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition
of Example 31 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region B).
Example 32 contains one inorganic coloured pigment, and one organic coloured pigment,
the pigments are not of similar hue, and therefore the m and K values from Table 4 are
inputted into Equation 4 determine the minimum LRV required to be in the range defined
by Equation 4 (Region B). It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating
composition of Example 32 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region B).
Example 36 contains a mixture of one inorganic coloured pigment, and one organic
coloured pigment, however, from Table 9, it can be seen that the quantity of Pigment Red
112 is below that required to be significant, and therefore for the purposes of determining
the relevant colour region, Example 36 contains only one inorganic pigment, and therefore
the m and K values for colour region A apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the
coloured coating composition of Example 36 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region
A).
Example 37 contains two inorganic pigments, and therefore the m and K values for colour
region B apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition of
Example 37 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region B).
Example 38 contains two inorganic pigments, however, from Table 9, it can be seen that
the quantity of Pigment Red 101 is below that required to be significant, and therefore for
the purposes of determining the relevant colour region, Example 38 contains only one
inorganic pigment, and therefore the m and K values for colour region A apply. It can be
seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition of Example 38 falls within the
range of Equation 4 (Region A).
Examples 39, 40 and 41 contain a mixture of one inorganic coloured pigment, and one
organic coloured pigment, however the two yellow pigments are considered to be of a
similar hue, this being designated by (h) in Table 5, and therefore the m and K values for
colour region A apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition
of Example 39, 40 and 41 fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
Examples 42 and 43 contain a mixture of two organic coloured pigments, and one
inorganic coloured pigment.
In the case of Example 42, the quantities of Pigment Yellow 42 and Pigment Violet 23 are
below that required to be significant, and therefore for the purposes of determining the
relevant colour region, Example 42 contains only one organic pigment, and therefore the
m and K values for colour region A apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured
coating composition of Example 42 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
In the case of Example 43, the quantity of Pigment Blue 15.3 is below that required to be
significant, and therefore for the purposes of determining the relevant colour region,
Example 43 contains one organic pigment and one inorganic pigment, these pigments not
being of similar hue. Therefore the rn and K values for colour region B apply. It can be
seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition of Example 43 falls within the
range of Equation 4 (Region B).
Example 44 contains only black pigment in a quantity greater than 0.015wt% but less than
0.022% of the total dry weight of the coloured coating composition. Therefore, the m and
K values for colour region B apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating
composition of Example 44 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region B).
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE WHITE BASE PAINT (EXAMPLE 45)
An alternative white base paint comprises the components and quantities as defined in
Table 8 below.
Component Sub- Sub- Sub-component % by LRV
Component Component Chemical Name weight
No. Name
Liquid 1 Tap Water Water 150
carrier
2 Humectant Glycol ether 2.40
3 Dispersant Aqueous solution 1.00
of ammonium
salt of an acrylic
polymer.
4 Anti- Mineral oil blend 0.3
- foaming (non-silicone).
additive
Non-ionic Aqueous solution 0.2
surfactant of ethoxylated
fatty alcohols.
6 Coalescing High boiling ester 1.25
solvent alcohols.
Biocide
Aqueous solution
of isothiazolines
and halogenated
alkanol
derivatives.
.18
Thickeners
Hydrophobically
—modified
Ethylene Oxide
Urethane
(HEUR) and
hydrophobica|ly-
modified
po|yaoetal-
polyether
(HMPAPE)
rheology
modifiers.
.50
Extender
Extender
Coatings grade
calcium
magnesium
carbonate.
.9
Pigment
Pigment A
Coatings grade
titanium dioxide
(rutile).
.0
.1
Pigment B
Opacifying
Styrene-acrylic
co-polymer latex
(30°/owtsolids)
.20
Film
Forming
Polymer
Binder
Acrylic
copolymer latex
(53%wt. solids),
film-forming at
ambient
temperature.
.0
Table 8
The alternative white base paint of Example 45 is prepared as follows:
Firstly, a high-speed disperser is charged with 4 parts of the tap water. The stirrer of the
disperser is set at a low speed, and sub-components 7, 3, 0.2 parts of 4 and 5 are added,
followed by sub-components 9 to 11. The stirrer speed is then increased to a higher
speed, and the mixture is dispersed for 10 minutes. Sub-components 6, 2, and 8 are
added, and the mixture is dispersed for 20 minutes. 3 parts of sub-component 1 is then
added. This preparation is referred to as the mill base.
Sub-components 11 and 12 are then added to a separate mixing vessel, and the stirrer is
started. Sub-component 11, 6.04 parts of sub-component 1, the mill base, the remaining
0.1 parts of sub-component 4, and the remaining 1.93 parts of water is then added
sequentially and the contents are stirred for 10 minutes.
The white base paint of Example 45 is prepared such that it has a LRV which is above 93,
with the extender and pigment A and B selected accordingly. Equation 1 gives the light
reflectance value (Ym°de|) of the white base paint of Example 45 as 96.7. The measured
LRV of the white base paint is 96.1. Thus the white base paint of Example 45 is a clean
base.
PREPARATION or AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 46)
The coloured coating composition of Example 46 is prepared by adding 0.00503g of CI
Pigment Black 7 Carbon Black, 0.1349 of Cl Pigment Yellow 42, and 0.0003489 CI
Pigment Red 255 DPP, all in the form of stable dispersions (colorants), to 1243 g (1 litre)
of the white base paint of Example 45 The coloured pigments are provided in a stable
dispersion (colorant) that is readily miscible with the white base paint of Example 45.
Example 46 contains black pigment in a quantity less than 0.015wt% of the total dry
weight of the coloured coating composition. The quantity of Pigment Red 255 is not
significant, and therefore the mixture contains one inorganic pigment, and the m and K
values for colour region A apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating
composition of Example 46 falls within the range of Equation 4 (Region A).
It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition falls within the range of
Equation 4 (Region A).
PREPARATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE COLOURED COATING COMPOSITION
(EXAMPLE 4?)
The coloured coating composition of Example 47 is prepared by adding O.130g of CI
Pigment Black 7 Carbon Black to 12989 (1 litre) of the white base paint of Example 29
The coloured pigment is provided in a stable dispersion (colorant) that is readily miscible
with the white base paint of Example 1.
Example 47 contains only black pigment in a quantity greater than 0.022wt% of the total
dry weight of the coloured coating composition. Therefore, the m and K values for colour
region B apply. It can be seen from Table 5 that the coloured coating composition of
Example 47 does not fall within the range of Equation 4 (Region B).
It is to be understood that whilst the limit of black pigment relate to the use of carbon
black, the limits will vary according to the type of black pigment. For example, a black
pigment not as strong as carbon black can be added in greater quantity. The criteria for
determining the increased amount of black pigment permitted for alternative black
pigments is the same as that used above in relation to determining whether or not a
coloured pigment is present in significant quantities, i.e. alternative black pigments can be
used up to a level that give a similar colour difference in the coating composition.
For convenience, the LRV and chroma values for all of the coloured coating compositions
examples for both colour regions A and B are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The LRV and
chroma values for each coating composition have been scaled as shown in the axis
labels, using the m and K values corresponding to the hue of each coating composition,
as determined from Tables 3 and 4. The scaling divides the LRV and Chroma values by
the intercepts, on each axis, of the straight line defining the minimum LRV of the coating
composition at each hue. This allows all the data to be plotted on a 2-D graph.
Thus it can be seen that the present invention relates to creating coloured coating
compositions lying in either colour region A or B, by either selection of the number and
type of coloured pigments and the formulation of the white base paint to achieve a
minimum LRV of 93, or by using photoluminescent compounds independent of the LRV of
the white base paint.
Appendix A
2)
Example White Coloured Pigment Number PLC Organic Inorganic Black
Number Base Type and of Pigment
Paint Quantity Coloured similar
Pigments :i‘;)t° Org‘
1 - - - _ - _
2 1298g 0.0176g CI 1 N Y N N
Example Pigment Red 112
1 Monoazo (CAS
65352)
3 l298g 0.115g CI Pigment l N Y N N
‘Example Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
4 1298;; 0.1 15g CI Pigment 2 N Y N N
lhample Yellow 74
Monoazo (CAS
63582),
0.00709g CI
Pigment Green 7
(CAS 13286)
1298g 0.0613g Cl 1 N Y N N
llsxample Pigment Blue 15.3
Phthalocyanine
(CAS l47—14—8)
6 1298g 0.0246g CI 1 N Y N N
‘Example Pigment Red 122
Quinacridone
(CAS 160436)
7 1298g 0.0527g CI 1 N Y N N
‘Example Pigment Red 1 12
Monoazo (CAS
g
Example
.345g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
g
Example
.0345g CI
Pigment Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
, 0.0425g CI
Pigment Green 7
(CAS 13286)
l298g
Example
.0182g CI
Pigment Blue 15.3
Phthalocyanine
(CAS 1478),
0.00822g CI
Pigment Violet 23
Dioxazine
(CAS 63581)
l298g
Example
.00322g CI
Pigment Violet 23
Dioxazine
(CAS 63581)
, 0.0370g CI
Pigment Red 122
Quinacridone
(CAS 160436)
g
Example
O.158g CI Pigment
Red 112 Monoazo
(CAS 65352)
g
Example
.04g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 6358-3 1-2)
l298g
Example
.l04g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
, O.l28g CI
Pigment Green 7
(CAS 13286)
1298g 0.0547g CI N
‘Example Pigment Blue 15.3
Phthalocyanine
(CAS 1478),
0.0251 g of CI
Pigment Violet 23
Dioxazine
(CAS 63581)
16 1298g 0.0251g CI N
llaxample Pigment Violet 23
Dioxazine
(CAS 63581)
, 0.111g CI
Pigment Red 122
Quinacridone
(CAS l6043—40—6)
17 Base - —
paint
18 1414 g 0.725g ofCl N
Example Pigment Yellow 74
17 Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
19 As 18 As 18 P (SA
50
Yellow)
1414g 0.0527g ofCI N
Example Pigment Red 112
17 Monoazo
(CAS 6535-462)
21 As 20 As 20 P (SA
50 Red)
22 1414 g F F
Example
17
23 1414 g 0.0740g ofC1 N
Example
17
Pigment Red 122
Quinacridone
(CAS 1604340—6)
As 23 As 23
1414 g As 23
Example
17
26 l298g F
Example
1
27 1414 g 0.0364g of Cl
Example Pigment Blue 15.3
1 7 Phthalocyanine
(CAS 1478)
28 1414 g As Example 27
Example
17
29 l298g As Example 27
Example
1
l298g As Example 27
Example
]
31 1298g 1.35g CI Pigment
‘Example Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.557g CI
Pigment Red 10!
(CAS 13451)
32 l298g 0.0678g CI
fxample Pigment Red 112
Monoazo
(CAS 65352)
, 3.l2g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 51274l)
33 1298g 1.92g CI Pigment
Example
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.193 g CI
Pigment Red 101
(CAS 13451)
g
Example
.26g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.l26g CI
Pigment Red 101
(CAS 13451)
l298g
Example
.61 g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.141g CI
Pigment Red 101
(CAS 13451)
g
Example
.0104g CI
Pigment Red 112
Azo
(CAS 65352)
, 0.890g CI
Pigment Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
g
Example
.29g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.0594g CI
Pigment Red 101
(CAS 13451)
g
Example
l.67g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.0223g CI
Pigment Red 101
(CAS 13451)
g
Example
.l86g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
, 3.78g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 51274-O0-1)
Y(h)
l298g
Example
l.03g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
, 1.32g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
Y(h)
l298g
Example
O.584g CI Pigment
Yellow 74
Monoazo
(CAS 63582)
, O.200g CI
Pigment Yellow 42
(CAS 51274-O0-1)
Y(h)
l298g
Example
.0771 g CI
Pigment Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.00473 g CI
Pigment Violet 23
(CAS 63581)
Dioxazine,
0.0346g CI
Pigment Blue 15.3
Phthalocyanine
(CAS 1478)
g
Example
.119g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.0666g CI
Pigment Violet 23
Dioxazine
(CAS 63581)
, 0.001 15g CI
Pigment Blue 15.3
Phthalocyanine
(CAS 147—14—8)
l298g
Example
.0863g CI
Pigment Black 7
Carbon Black
(CAS 13334)
White
base
paint
l243g
Example
45
.00503g CI
Pigment Black 7
Carbon Black.
(CAS 13334)
0.134g CI Pigment
Yellow 42
(CAS 512741)
, 0.000348g CI
Pigment Red 255
DPP
(CAS 546603),
g
Example
.130 g CI Pigment
Black 7 Carbon
Black
(CAS 13334)
Table 1
Example No. Hue Chroma LRV,.,m,,m, IJRVRequired Satisfies Equation 4 (Region A
or B) ?
(white base - - - - -
paint)
.0 2.7 90.5 87.9 Y(A)
3 98.6 8.3 93.3 89.6 Y(A)
4 128.0 4.4 93.2 89.9 Y(A)
186.0 3.4 91.6 89.0 Y(A)
6 354.0 2.3 90.4 88.5 Y(A)
7 4.1 5.8 86.1 83.9 Y(A)
8 95.6 13.7 92.0 87.3 Y(A)
9 156.0 6.8 89.8 86.7 Y(A)
240.0 3.6 86.7 83.2 Y(A)
11 318.0 4.1 85.8 82.5 Y(A)
12 0.00 10.4 79.0 77.5 Y(A)
13 94.0 21.8 90.0 83.6 Y(A)
14 160.0 10.8 85.0 82.6 Y(A)
248.0 6.8 81.0 76.9 Y(A)
16 334.0 10.3 79.0 76.8 Y(A)
17 (white base — - - - -
paint)
.3 15.7 85.9 86.3 Y(B)
19 100.0 22.3 85.8 84.7 Y(A)
33.7 4.02 84.2 87.0 Y(B)
21 24.5 10.4 79.9 77.2 Y(A)
22 100.0 22.6 85.8 80.8 Y(A)
23 18.2 3.18 84.2 87.3 N
24 339.0 15.9 72.8 69.6 Y(A)
340.0 21.7 68.3 61.9 Y(A)
26 1 16.3 25.7 99.94 76.6 Y(A)
27 169.0 3.99 85.1 89.2 N
28 217.0 5.47 85.8 82.3 Y(A)
29 209.0 7.12 87.3 81.6 Y(A)
244.0 10.81 89.2 71.8 Y(A)
31 55.1 12.2 75.3 75.1 Y(B)
32 62.6 15.0 76.0 72.0 Y(B)
.4 12.9 80.0 78.4 Y(B)
34 71.2 11.2 82.7 80.6 Y(B)
72.1 12.2 81.5 79.7 Y(B)
36 74.3 9.33 86.3 85.5 Y(A)
37 77.1 18.3 77.8 75.4 Y(B)
38 80.0 12.8 84.4 84.2 Y(A)
39 80.6 19.4 79.7 79.1 Y(A)
40 87.1 22.9 84.0 80.3 Y(A)
41 92.3 18.0 89.3 84.9 Y(A)
42 209.0 5.33 84.9 84.3 Y(A)
43 295.0 6.86 76.2 74.4 Y(B)
44 127.5 1.47 92.3 91.5 Y(B)
45 (white base - - — — -
paint)
.6 3.48 92.1 91.3 Y(A)
47 134 1.29 91.2 91.6 N
Table 5
Claims (9)
- . A coloured coating composition comprising a white base paint and at least one coloured pigment in a form that can be readily mixed with the white base paint, the white base paint comprising a film-forming polymer, a liquid carrier, one or more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders, the coloured coating composition having a light reflectance value Y less than 110, and greater than that defined by the equation: Y=mC+K, where 25 > C > 1.0, C being the chroma of the coloured coating composition, m and K being empirical coefficients selected according to the type and number of the type of the at least one coloured pigment, and dependant on the hue angle of the coating composition.
- . A coloured coating composition according to claim 1 in which the white base paint has a minimum light reflectance value of 93.
- . A coloured coating composition according to claim 1 or 2 in which the white base paint has a minimum light reflectance value (Y,,,.,.,e.) of 93 defined by the selection of the one or more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders according to the equation: where w is the weight fraction of the extender compared to the total weight of the one or more opacifying white pigments and one or more extenders, A and F are empirical coefficients with values of 0.785 and —0.0969 respectively, is the opacifying white pigments weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more extenders and is the weight-averaged light reflectance value of the one or more opacifying white pigments. the weight averaged light reflectance values being defined by the equations:
- 4. A coloured coating composition according to claim 2 or claim 3 when dependant on claim 2 in which m and K determine a minimum coloured coating composition light reflectance value relating to a colour region A between this minimum and 110, m and K being defined according to the following table: Hue angle° m A k A 0 -1.364 91.713 10 -1.356 91.952 20 -1.443 91.757 30 -1.387 92.262 40 -1.305 92.703 50 -1.209 93.071 60 -1.113 93.440 70 -1.017 93.808 80 -0.822 94.732 90 -0.485 93.225 100 -0.330 92.357 110 -0.525 92.872 120 -0.719 93.386 130 -0.919 93.803 140 -0.945 93.661 150 -0.970 93.520 160 -0.996 93.378 170 -1.034 93.238 180 -1.127 93.104 190 -1.220 92.971 200 -1.312 93.086 210 -1.513 92.208 220 -1.745 91.330 230 -1.980 90.509 240 -1.949 90.197 250 -1.919 89.886 260 -1.888 89.575 270 -1.858 89.263 280 -1.827 88.952 290 -1.797 88.641 300 -1.799 88.878 310 -1.840 89.482 320 -1.808 89.998 330 -1.450 91.389 340 -1.360 91.340 350 -1.362 91.526 360 -1.364 91.7 32
- 5. A coloured coating composition according to claim 2 or claim 3 when dependant on claim 2 in which in which m and K determine a minimum coloured coating composition light reflectance value relating to a colour region B between this minimum and 110, m and K being defined according to the following table: Hue angle ° m B K B 0 -1.650 90.213 10 -1.643 90.452 20 -1.587 90.957 30 -1.581 87.462 40 -1.433 91.903 50 -1.337 92.271 60 -1.267 89.640 70 -1.145 93.008 80 -0.911 93.432 90 -0.553 92.425 100 -0.355 91.557 110 -0.558 88.072 120 -0.743 92.586 130 -1 .006 93.003 140 -1.032 92.861 150 -1 .057 92.720 160 -1.083 92.578 170 -1.131 92.438 180 -1.224 92.304 190 -1.317 92.171 200 -1.410 92.286 210 -1.643 91.408 220 -1.874 90.530 230 -2.169 89.709 240 -2.138 89.397 250 -2.145 8
- 6.086 260 -2.077 88.775 270 -2.047 88.463 280 -2.016 88.152 290 -1.985 8
- 7.841 300 -1.968 8
- 8.078 310 -2.009 88.682 320 -1.986 8
- 9.198 330 -1.806 89.889 340 -1.646 89.840 350 -1.648 90.026 360 -1.650 90.213 MACLACHLAN & DONALDSON, Applicants’ Agents,
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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