IE913958A1 - Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a¹two-stroke engine - Google Patents

Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a¹two-stroke engine

Info

Publication number
IE913958A1
IE913958A1 IE395891A IE395891A IE913958A1 IE 913958 A1 IE913958 A1 IE 913958A1 IE 395891 A IE395891 A IE 395891A IE 395891 A IE395891 A IE 395891A IE 913958 A1 IE913958 A1 IE 913958A1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
catalytic converter
exhaust
bypass line
inlet
line
Prior art date
Application number
IE395891A
Original Assignee
Walker Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Walker Deutschland Gmbh filed Critical Walker Deutschland Gmbh
Publication of IE913958A1 publication Critical patent/IE913958A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2046—Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/002—Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a device designed to enable a catalytic converter (9) to be used with a two-stroke engine. A silencer (5) fitted with an outlet pipe (14) and in which the exhaust gases are silenced, as well as cooled by a heat exchanger, is connected to the engine exhaust outlet (4). The catalytic converter (9) is located in the outlet pipe of the silencer (5), and the silencer (5) is by-passed by a line (7) leading from the engine exhaust outlet (4) to the catalytic converter (9).

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus for the use 5 of a catalytic converter for a two-stroke engine, connected to the exhaust duct of which is a front silencer which is equipped with an exhaust line and in which the exhaust gasses are damped and cooled by heat exchange.
The air pollution caused by exhaust gasses of motor vehicles represents a considerable proportion of environmental pollution. Exhaust gasses from four-stroke engines are already being successfully purified of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxides by means of catalytic converters. However, the purification of the exhaust from two-stroke engines by means of catalytic converters represents a problem because the exhaust gasses are damped in a front silencer and cooled by heat exchange to temperatures of 200°C. The light-off temperature of most commercially available catalytic convertors is, however, approximately 300*C, with the result that these cannot readily be used for purifying exhaust gasses from two-stroke engines. Arrangement of the catalytic converter between the exhaust duct of the cylinder and the front silencer of the two-stroke engine, where the temperature of the exhaust gas would be sufficiently high, is, on the one hand, difficult for reasons of space, particularly in the case of retrofitting, and, on the other hand, would lead to a drop in the power of the two-stroke engine by 15 to 20% since a sufficient back-pressure building up in the front silencer is no longer available.
It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a two-stroke engine of the type stated at the outset with the aid of which it is possible reliably to purify the exhaust gasses of the two-stroke engine without a IE 9i: 58 significant loss of engine power.
This object is achieved according to the invention essentially by the fact that the catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust line of the front silencer and that the front silencer is bridged by a bypass line between the exhaust duct and the catalytic converter.
By virtue of the diversion of part of the hot exhaust gasses thus achieved and its direct transfer to the catalytic converter, it is possible to guarantee the required light-off temperature at the catalytic converter. However, the major part of the exhaust gasses flows, as before, directly through the front silencer, with the result that no significant power losses of the two-stroke engine occur. In order to divert the required portion of the exhaust gasses from the exhaust duct of the two-stroke engine, the bypass line in an advantageous development of the invention protrudes with an inlet connection into the exhaust duct. In this arrangement, the bypass line can be inserted in an already existing or subsequently provided opening in the wall of the exhaust duct and there welded to the exhaust duct. While ensuring effective diversion of the required portion of the exhaust gasses, this permits not only simpler fabrication from new but also retrofitting and repair, for example in the event of rust damage to individual parts of the exhaust system.
It is furthermore advantageous for the diversion of the required portion of exhaust gas into the bypass line if, in its inlet zone, the axis of the inlet connection extends parallel to the direction of flow of the exhaust gasses. This guarantees forced flow of the desired portion of the exhaust gasses into the bypass line.
This object can be further promoted if, in its inlet zone, the inlet connection is widened in the form of a funnel. By means of the degree of widening of the inlet zone, it is possible to determine the ratio of the diverted exhaust gasses to the exhaust gasses passed through the front silencer and provide it with an optimum IE 913' 58 design for each application.
In order to keep heat losses of the exhaust gasses as low as possible on the way through the bypass line, the bypass line can, for example, be enveloped over its entire exposed length by an insulation. A ceramic insulation, for example ceramic fibre mats obtainable under the trade name ’’Cerablanket ”, is particularly suitable here.
According to a further feature of the invention, 10 the insulation can additionally be covered with a preferably self-adhesive aluminium tape in order to reduce heat losses even further. This purpose is also served by a further advantageous development of the invention, according to which the bypass line is taken from the exhaust duct to the catalytic converter over the shortest possible route.
It has proven most expedient in practice if the bypass line opens into the exhaust line immediately upstream of the catalytic converter or into the inlet of the catalytic converter itself.
The bypass line is preferably composed of steel, in particular steel of the type St 1.4512.
In a practical embodiment of the invention, in order to avoid leaks the inlet end of the bypass line can, as mentioned, be welded leak-tightly into an opening of the exhaust duct and the outlet end welded leaktightly into an opening of the exhaust line or of the inlet of the catalytic converter.
Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention emerge from the following description of an illustrative embodiment with reference to the drawing. All features described and/or pictorially represented, individually or in any appropriate combination, form the subject-matter of the present invention, even independently of the summary of them in the claims or of the appendency thereof.
In the drawing, Fig. 1 shows in elevation and in schematic form an exhaust system of a two-stroke engine with an IE 91 ί *58 apparatus including the invention, and Fig. 2 shows a partial detail II of Fig. 1 in enlarged representation.
The two-stroke engine has a cylinder 1 with 5 piston 2 and intake duct 3 and an exhaust duct 4 which is intended for the exhaust gasses and opens into a front silencer 5. In the front silencer 5, exhaust gasses are damped and cooled by heat exchange, it being possible, if required, to use the heat obtained for heating the interior of the motor vehicle. The exhaust gasses, which have been cooled to approximately 200°C, then flow out of the front silencer 5 via an exhaust line 14. Inserted into the exhaust line 14 is a catalytic converter 9 with an inlet 8. Welded into an opening 10 of the exhaust duct 4 is an inlet connection 6, the inlet zone 11 of which is widened in the shape of a funnel to receive a certain portion of the exhaust gasses. The axis A of the inlet zone 11 runs essentially in the direction of the exhaust gasses, as can be seen from Fig. 2. Welded to the inlet connection 6 is a bypass line 7 which is passed to the inlet 8 of the catalytic converter 9 over the shortest route and welded by that end into an opening. The bypass line 7 is provided over its entire exposed length with an insulation 12 made of ceramic material, for example ceramic mats sold under the trade name Cerablanket. The insulation 12, for its part, is provided with a sheathing comprising a preferably self-adhesive aluminium tape 13. By diverting a portion of the exhaust gasses past the front silencer 5 via the bypass line 7, this portion of the exhaust gasses is fed to the catalytic converter 9 at elevated temperature, allowing the required light-off temperature of, for example, 300eC to be readily attained there, although the main portion of the exhaust gasses is, as before, passed through the front silencer 5 without significant impairment of the performance of the two-stroke engine.
List of Reference Symbols: 1. Cylinder 2. Piston 3. Intake duct 5 4. Exhaust duct 5. Front silencer 6. Inlet connection 7 . Bypass line 8. Inlet 10 9. Catalytic converter 10. Opening 11. Inlet zone 12 . Insulation 13. Aluminium tape 15 14 . Exhaust line A Axis Patent Claims: 1. Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter

Claims (10)

1. Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter (9) for a two-stroke engine, connected to the exhaust duct (4) of which is a front silencer (5) which is 5 equipped with an exhaust line (14) and in which the exhaust gasses are damped and cooled by heat exchange, characterised in that the catalytic converter (9) is arranged in the exhaust line (14) of the front silencer (5) and in that the front silencer (5) is bridged by a 10 bypass line (7) between exhaust duct (4) and catalytic converter (9) .
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the bypass line (7) protrudes with an inlet connection (6) into the exhaust duct (4). 15
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, in its inlet zone (11), the axis of the inlet connection (6) extends parallel to the direction of flow of the exhaust gasses.
4. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, 20 characterised in that the inlet connection (6) is widened in the form of a funnel in its inlet zone (11).
5. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the bypass line (7) is enveloped over its entire exposed length by an insulation (12), in 25 particular a ceramic insulation.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterised in that the insulation (12) is covered with a preferably self-adhesive aluminium tape (13).
7. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, 30 characterised in that the bypass line (7) is taken from the exhaust duct (4) to the catalytic converter (9) over the shortest possible route.
8. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the bypass line (7) opens into the 35 exhaust line (14) immediately upstream of the catalytic converter (9) or into the inlet (8) of the catalytic converter (9) itself.
9. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the bypass line (7) is composed of IE 913 /58 - 7 steel, in particular steel of the type St 1.4512.
10. Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a two-stroke engine according to any preceding claim substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
IE395891A 1990-11-14 1991-11-13 Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a¹two-stroke engine IE913958A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4036284A DE4036284A1 (en) 1990-11-14 1990-11-14 DEVICE FOR THE USE OF A CATALYST FOR A TWO-STROKE ENGINE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE913958A1 true IE913958A1 (en) 1992-05-20

Family

ID=6418260

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IE395891A IE913958A1 (en) 1990-11-14 1991-11-13 Apparatus for the use of a catalytic converter for a¹two-stroke engine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8646591A (en)
DE (2) DE4036284A1 (en)
IE (1) IE913958A1 (en)
PT (1) PT99491A (en)
WO (1) WO1992008882A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA918771B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4244614A1 (en) * 1992-12-31 1994-07-07 Eberspaecher J Exhaust system for internal combustion engines
FR2801342B1 (en) * 1999-11-22 2002-11-29 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa ADJUSTABLE COOLING DEVICE FOR THE ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH TWO COOLING LEVELS

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2303773A1 (en) * 1973-01-26 1974-08-01 Volkswagenwerk Ag ARRANGEMENT FOR EXHAUST GAS EXHAUST
FR2483515A1 (en) * 1980-05-27 1981-12-04 Renault IC-engine with turbocharger - has exhaust passing to catalytic reactor by passing turbocharger during cold running
DE3438906A1 (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-04-24 Hans-Joachim 2412 Ritzerau Sommer Portable exhaust arrangement
US4741411A (en) * 1987-01-14 1988-05-03 Deere & Company Muffler system
FR2608677B1 (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-28 Inst Francais Du Petrole DEVICE AND METHOD FOR QUICK PRIMING OF AN OXIDATION CATALYST FOR A TWO-STROKE ENGINE
DE3729477C3 (en) * 1987-09-03 1999-09-09 Stihl Maschf Andreas Exhaust silencer for two-stroke engines, especially for portable tools such as chainsaws
DE3829668C3 (en) * 1987-12-08 1998-08-13 Stihl Maschf Andreas Exhaust silencer for a two-stroke engine in a portable tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8646591A (en) 1992-06-11
PT99491A (en) 1994-02-28
WO1992008882A1 (en) 1992-05-29
ZA918771B (en) 1992-08-26
DE4036284A1 (en) 1992-05-21
DE9017762U1 (en) 1992-03-05

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Legal Events

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FC9A Application refused sect. 31(1)