IE912178A1 - Improvements in or relating to organic compounds - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to organic compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- IE912178A1 IE912178A1 IE217891A IE217891A IE912178A1 IE 912178 A1 IE912178 A1 IE 912178A1 IE 217891 A IE217891 A IE 217891A IE 217891 A IE217891 A IE 217891A IE 912178 A1 IE912178 A1 IE 912178A1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- plant according
- plants
- plant
- purine analogue
- solanaceae
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001116272 Balsaminaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000218999 Begoniaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000208476 Primulaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001106476 Violaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000208150 Geraniaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=C2NC=NC2=N1 MSSXOMSJDRHRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006740 Cichorium endivia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000218993 Begonia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001495448 Impatiens <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003733 chicria Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930186364 cyclamen Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930190166 impatien Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoroadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC(F)=NC2=C1N=CN2 WKMPTBDYDNUJLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azaadenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=NNN=C12 HRYKDUPGBWLLHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000298479 Cichorium intybus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208152 Geranium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007377 Petunia x hybrida Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001106023 Schizanthus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000612152 Cyclamen hederifolium Species 0.000 claims 1
- YKNYRRVISWJDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1CO1 YKNYRRVISWJDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 abstract description 17
- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 abstract description 17
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 abstract 3
- PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CCOS(C)(=O)=O PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940045686 antimetabolites antineoplastic purine analogs Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 102100029457 Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010024223 Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000723343 Cichorium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000612153 Cyclamen Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000172533 Viola sororia Species 0.000 description 2
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NNN=C21 GIIGHSIIKVOWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Chloro-1H-purine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 ZKBQDFAWXLTYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQVOKWMIRXXDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-7h-purine Chemical compound FC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LGQVOKWMIRXXDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYMHUEFSSMBHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylpurine Chemical compound CC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 SYMHUEFSSMBHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000219195 Arabidopsis thaliana Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018536 Cichorium endivia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009842 Cucumis melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208296 Datura Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000735572 Exacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CBCQWVQNMGNYEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(6)-hydroxyadenine Chemical compound ONC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 CBCQWVQNMGNYEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208181 Pelargonium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208183 Pelargonium x hortorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001106018 Salpiglossis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000405217 Viola <butterfly> Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003471 mutagenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000707 mutagenic chemical Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
Plants selected from Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae Cucurbitaceae Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae having homozygously or heterozygously the tolerance gene against a purine analogue and a method of selecting plants for male sterility comprising treating seedlings having homozygously the tolerance gene against a purine analogue with a purine analogue.
Description
- 1 - Case 137-1043 IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The invention relates to plants having a selectable form of genic male sterility. The invention provides male sterile Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae tolerant to purine analogues such as 2,6-diaminopurine.
Genic male sterile plants are useful in hybrid seed production.
Commercial FI hybrid cultivars have become increasingly important in food and ornamental crops since the growing interest of breeders in hybrid vigour. In order to produce hybrid seed economically, the female parent must be prevented from selffertilisation. This can be done by hand emasculation, chemical emasculation or by making use of genetic male sterility. Since hand emasculation is time consuming and expensive and chemical emasculation has been shown to be unreliable, there is now great interest in genetic male sterility.
There are three forms of genetic male sterility: 1. Genic male sterility.
Genic male sterility is usually monogenic recessive. Fertility in the hybrid can be restored by crossing male sterile plants with plants of a restorer line, which is homozygous male fertile. It is not possible to maintain a pure breeding male sterile line. This means that in seed production plots half of the plants, which are heterozygous male fertile, have to be removed. - 2 - Case 137-1043 2. Cytoplasmic male sterility.
Cytoplasmic male sterility is based solely on plasma genes transmitted maternally. Since the fertility in the hybrid cannot be restored it is only useful in plants where the hybrids do not need to set seed. 3. Gene-Cytoplasmic male sterility This type of male sterility has found large scale application in the production of hybrid seed, since not only the fertility in the hybrid is restored by crossing with a male fertile restorer line, but also a pure breeding male sterile line can be maintained.
B. Moffatt et al reported in Plant Physiol. 86, 1150-1154 (1988) the chemical induction of Adenine Phosphoribosyl Transferase (APRT) deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana (family of the Brassicaceae) by treatment of seeds with ethylmethane sulfonate and the selection of the mutants by germination of M2 seeds on a medium solidified with agar containing 2,6-diaminopurine. Only the mutated seeds that were homozygous APRT deficient were able to germinate and develop roots under these conditions and these plants appeared to be male sterile.
It has now surprisingly been found that plants selected from Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae which differ significantly from Brassicaceae in their way of flowering, can also be rendered tolerant to purine analogues by mutagenesis and that homozygous genic male sterile plants can be obtained by selfing thus obtained heterozygous plants having such recessive trait for resistance to purine analogues. The trait is presumably monogenic. The homozygous genic male sterile plants can be easily selected from the male fertile plants in the seedling stage. The male sterile plants will grow true leaves when sprayed with purine analogues, while the fertile plants do not. - 3 - Case 137-1043 It is particularly surprising that plants containing more than one isoenzyme of the APRT such as tomato [Burch and Stuchbury, Phytochemistry 25, 2445-2449 (1986)] can be made tolerant to purine analogues and have also acquired genetic male sterility.
The invention therefore provides purine analogue tolerant plants selected from Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae. Examples of suitable Solanaceae include pepper (Capsicum spec.) tomato, aubergine (Solanum melongena L.), petunia, Schizanthus, Salpiglossis, Exacum, Datura, Nicotiania, Biovallia and Brunfelvia plants. Typical examples of Asteraceae include chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and endive (Cichorium endivia L.). A typical representative of Violaceae suitable for use according to the invention, is violet (Viola). A typical representative of Cucurbitaceae suitable for use according to the invention is melon (Cucumis melo L.). A typical representative of Balsaminaceae suitable for use according to the invention is impatiens. A typical representative of Begoniaceae suitable for use according to the invention is begonia. A typical representative of Geraniacea suitable for use according to the invention is geranium (Pelargonium hortorum). A typical representative of Primulaceae suitable for use according to the invention is cyclamen.
The invention also provides a method of selecting plants having homozygously the tolerance gene against a purine analogue, which comprises treating the seedlings during the development of the first pair of true leaves with a plant growth regulating amount of a purine analogue and selecting the plants which are not affected by such treatment. - 4 - Case 137-1043 The thus obtained plants are homozygous male sterile. They can be used in a breeding program for the production of hybrid seeds. The method of the invention is particularly suitable for plants of the families Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae.
The seedlings employed as starting material in the method of the invention are obtained by inducing mutation in plants, and selfing the thus obtained heterozygous mature plants having a recessive trait for male sterility.
The mutagenesis of plants to heterozygous plants having a recessive trait for male sterility can be effected by any mutagenesis process known in the art, e.g. by somaclonal variation, irradiation etc. According to a preferred process, purine analogue resistant plants according to the invention are obtained by treatment of their seeds with a mutagenically effective amount of a mutagen such as ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS). The treatment with EMS is conveniently effected with an aqueous solution in a manner known for the mutagenesis of cells. The concentration of EMS to be employed will conveniently lie in the range of 0.01 to 3 % (v/v). The duration of the EMS treatment may vary within wide ranges e.g. between 2 and 20 hours; in general a treatment of 10 to 20 hours, e.g. of 14-16 hours will give satisfactory results.
The EMS treatment will conveniently be effected at room temperature, i.e. between 15 and 25° Centigrade.
The EMS treated seeds are then washed with water to remove the EMS, grown and the mature plants self-fertilized. The homozygous male sterile plants may be selected by treatment of the seedlings of the self-fertilized plants with a purine analogue during the development of the first pair of true leaves: the homozygous male sterile plants according to the invention are not affected by such treatment, whereas the male fertile plants which are not tolerant to the treatment by a purine analogue will not develop their first true - 5 - Case 137-1043 leaves and remain blind during such treatment.
The term purine analogue as used herein refers to a substance vhich differs chemically from the naturally occurring purines in a limited number of structural features and exhibits antagonism to one or more of the natural purines in at least one biological system.
Purine analogues particularly suitable for the selection of male sterile plants according to the invention are 2,6-diaminopurine, 2-fluoroadenine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-chloropurine, 6-fluoropurine, 6-methylpurine, 6-hydroxylaminopurine, 8-azapurine and 8-azaadenine, preferably 2,6-diaminopurine.
The purine analogues are preferably applied as a foliar aqueous spray. The amount to be applied is a plant growth regulating amount. Such amount can easily be determined by routine tests with corresponding seedlings from non-mutated plants.
In general suitable spray liquors comprise from 0.1 to 15 mM, e.g. 3 mM purine analogue per litre.
The spray application may be effected one or more times, each time conveniently till near the run off. In general one spray application - till near the run off - per day for up to 15 days, e.g. for 5 to 15 consecutive days will allow the desired selection.
The seedlings of which the development of the first pair of true leaves is not impaired can be grown under normal growing conditions to maturity and are male sterile. Thus obtained homozygous male sterile plants according to the invention, can be crossed with male fertile plants to give male fertile heterozygous plants vhich are not tolerant to purine analogues.
It will be appreciated that homozygous male sterile plants have to be maintained for hybrid seed production. This can be achieved by pollinating a plant containing at least one allele for the tolerance - 6 - Case 137-1043 to purine analogues with pollen from a plant vhich also carries at least one such allele, treating the seedlings thereof during the development of the first pair of true leaves vith a purine analogue and selecting the plants vhich are not affected by such treatment.
The invention has the great advantage that it allows selection of male sterile plants before planting out in the field; roguing of heterozygous male fertile plants in seed production plots is accordingly no longer necessary vith this form of genic male sterility.
The following example illustrates the invention.
EXAMPLE 10000 Pepper seeds are mutagenized vith 0.3 % (v/v) ethylmethane sulfonate during 14-16 hours at room temperature. After thorough washing vith vater, the seeds are grown in the greenhouse and the mature plants are self-fertilized. Approximately 75000 seeds of the self-fertilized plants are grown in the greenhouse at 26 °C. As soon as the cotelydons can be observed above the ground, the seedlings are sprayed vith 3 mM 2,6-diaminopurine during 10-11 days. Then the seedlings, whose development of the first pair of true leaves is not impaired, are selected. These seedlings are grown to maturity and examined for male sterility. The male sterile plants are crossed with a male fertile plant and the progeny is male fertile. Seedlings of self-fertilized plants of this progeny are tested for the percentage of male sterile plants. The male sterility and tolerance to purine analogues appears to be a monogenic recessive trait.
Analogous tests are run with tomato, chicory, endive, violet, melon, aubergine, impatiens, begonia, cyclamen and pelargonium.
Similar male sterile plants are obtained and identified after foliar treatment with 3mM 2,6-diaminopurine.
Claims (22)
1. Plants selected from Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae Cucurbitaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae having homozygously or heterozygously the tolerance gene against a purine analogue.
2. A plant according to Claim 1 of the Solanaceae.
3. A Solanaceae plant according to Claim 2, selected from pepper, tomato, aubergine, petunia and Schizanthus.
4. A plant according to Claim 3, which is a) pepper or b) tomato.
5. A plant according to Claim 1 of the Asteraceae.
6. A plant according to Claim 5, which is a) endive or b) chicory.
7. A Violaceae plant according to Claim 1.
8. A Viola plant according to Claim 7.
9. A Cucurbitaceae plant according to Claim 1.
10. A melon plant according to Claim 9.
11. A plant according to Claim 1 selected from the family of the Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae and Primulaceae. *E 912178 - 8 - Case 137-1043
12. A plant according to Claim 11 which is a) impatiens b) begonia c) geranium or d) cyclamen.
13. A plant according to Claims 1 to 12, having the tolerance gene against 2,6-diaminopurine.
14. A genic male sterile plant according to Claims 1 to 13 which is homozygous with respect to the tolerance to the purine analogue.
15. A method of selecting plants having homozygously the tolerance gene against a purine analogue, which comprises treating the seedlings during the development of the first pair of true leaves vith a plant growth regulating amount of a purine analogue and selecting the plants which are not affected by such treatment.
16. The method of Claim 15, wherein the plant is of the family of the Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Cucurbi taceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Geraniaceae or Primulaceae.
17. The method of Claims 15 or 16 wherein the purine analogue is selected from 2,6-diaminopurine, 2-fluoroadenine and 8-azaadenine.
18. The method of Claims 15 to 17, comprising applying purine analogue concentrations from 0.1 to 15 mM till near the run off.
19. The method of Claim 18, wherein the spray application is repeated up to 15 consecutive days. 6300/SM/KC - 9
20. A method of selecting plants substantially as described herein by way of Example.
21. A plant selected by the method of any of Claims 15 to 20.
22. A plant as defined in Claim 1, substantially as described herein by way of Example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB909016840A GB9016840D0 (en) | 1990-08-01 | 1990-08-01 | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IE912178A1 true IE912178A1 (en) | 1992-01-01 |
Family
ID=10679969
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IE217891A IE912178A1 (en) | 1990-08-01 | 1991-06-24 | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB9016840D0 (en) |
IE (1) | IE912178A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA916070B (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-08-01 GB GB909016840A patent/GB9016840D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-06-24 IE IE217891A patent/IE912178A1/en unknown
- 1991-08-01 ZA ZA916070A patent/ZA916070B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9016840D0 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
ZA916070B (en) | 1993-04-28 |
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