IE83679B1 - Type II interleukin-1 receptors - Google Patents
Type II interleukin-1 receptorsInfo
- Publication number
- IE83679B1 IE83679B1 IE1991/1771A IE177191A IE83679B1 IE 83679 B1 IE83679 B1 IE 83679B1 IE 1991/1771 A IE1991/1771 A IE 1991/1771A IE 177191 A IE177191 A IE 177191A IE 83679 B1 IE83679 B1 IE 83679B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- type
- leu
- cells
- dna
- ser
- Prior art date
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Description
The present invention relates generally to cytokine receptors, and more specifically,
to Interleukin-1 receptors. ‘_
Interleukin- la (IL-la) and Interleukin-1B and (IL-13) are distantly related
polypeptide hormones which play a central role in the regulation of immune and
inflammatory responses. These two proteins act on a variety of cell types and have
multiple biological activities. The diversity of biological activity ascribed to lL- la and IL-
113 is mediated by specific plasma membrane receptors which bind both IL-la and IL-13.
Due to the wide range of biological activities mediated by IL-la and IL-15 it was originally
believed that the IL-1 receptors should be highly conserved in a variety of species and
expressed on a large variety of cells.
Structural characterization by ligand affinity cross-linking techniques has
demonstrated that, despite their significant divergence in sequence, IL-10: and IL-13 bind to
the same cell surface receptor molecule on T cells and fibroblasts (Dower et al., Nature
(London) 324:266, 1986; Bird et al., Nature (London) 3242263, 1986; Dower et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1060, 1986). The IL-1 receptor on murine and human T cells
has been identified by CDNA expression cloning and N—terrninal sequence analysis as an
integral membrane glycoprotein that binds IL—la and IL-13 and has a molecular weight of
80,000 kDa (Sims et al., Science 24I:585, 1988; Sims et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
86:8946, 1989).
It is now clear, however, that this 80 kDa IL-1 receptor protein does not mediate all
the diverse biological effects of IL-1. Subsequent affinity cross-linking studies indicate
that IL-1 receptors on the Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B cell lines VDS-O
and 3B6, the EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji, and the murine pre-B cell
line 70Z/3, have a molecular weight of 60,000 to 68,000 kDa (Matsushima et al., J.
Immunol. I,36:4496, 1986; Bensimon et al., J. Immunol. 14212290, 1989; Bensimon et
al., J. Immunol. I43:1168, 1989; Horuk et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262: 16275, 1987;
Chizzonite et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8029, 1989; Bomsztyk et al., Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 8628034, 1989). Moreover, comparison of the biochemical properties and
kinetic analysis of the IL-1 receptor in the Raji B cell line with EL-4 murine T lymphoma
cell line showed that Raji cells had lower binding affinity but much higher receptor density
per cell than a subclone of EL-4 T cells (Horuk eta1., J. Biol. Chem. 262:1627S, 1987).
Raji cells also failed to internalize IL-1 and demonstrated altered receptor binding affinities
with IL-1 analogs. (Horuk et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262216275, 1987). These data suggest
that the IL-1 receptors expressed on B cells (referred to herein as type II IL-1 receptors) are
different from IL-l receptors detected on T cells and other cell types (referred to herein as
type I IL-1 receptors).
In order to study the structural and biological characteristics of type II IL-IR and
the role played by type II IL-1R in the responses of various cell populations to IL-1
stimulation, or to use type II IL-1R effectively in therapy, diagnosis, or assay,
homogeneous compositions are needed. Such compositions are theoretically available via
purification of receptors expressed by cultured cells, or by cloning and expression of genes
encoding the receptors. Prior to the present invention, however, several obstacles
prevented these goals from being achieved.
First, no cell lines have previously been known to express high levels of type II IL-
1R constitutively and continuously, and cell lines known to express type H IL-IR did so
only in low numbers (500 to 2,000 receptors/cell) which impeded efforts to purify
receptors in amounts sufficient for obtaining amino acid sequence infomiation or generating
monoclonal antibodies. The low numbers of receptors has also precluded any practical
translation assay-based method of cloning.
Second, the significant differences in DNA sequence between type I ll.-IR and type
II IL-lR has precluded cross-hybridization using a murine type IL-IR cDNA (Bomsztyk et
al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 8628034, 1989, and Chizzonite et al., Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 86:8029, 1989).
Third, even if a protein composition of sufficient purity could be obtained to permit
N-terminal protein sequencing, the degeneracy of the genetic code may not permit one to
define a suitable probe without considerable additional experimentation. Many iterative
attempts may be required to define a probe having the requisite specificity to identify a
hybridizing sequence in a cDNA library. Although direct expression cloning techniques
avoid the need for repetitive screening using different probes of unknown specificity and
have been useful in cloning other receptors (e.g., type I IL-1R), they are not sufficiently
sensitive to be suitable for using in identifying type II IL-IR clones from cDNA libraries
derived from cells expressing low numbers of type II IL-1R.
Thus, efforts to purify the type II IL-1R or to clone or express genes encoding type
H IL-lR have been significantly impeded by lack of purified receptor, a suitable source of
receptor mRNA, and by a sufficiently sensitive cloning technique.
The present invention provides purified and homogeneous type II IL-IR proteins
and isolated DNA sequences encoding type H IL-IR proteins, in particular, human type II
II.-IR, or analogs thereof. Preferably, such DNA sequences are selected from the group
consisting of (a) cDNA clones having a nucleotide sequence derived from the coding region
of a native type II IL-1R gene, such as clone 75; (b) DNA sequences capable of
hybridization to the cDNA clones of (a) under moderately stringent conditions and which
encode biologically active IL-1R molecules; and (c) DNA sequences which are degenerate
as a result of the genetic code to the DNA sequences defined in (a) and (b) and which
encode biologically active IL-1R molecules. The present invention also provides
recombinant expression vectors comprising the DNA sequences defined above,
recombinant type IIIL-1R molecules produced using the recombinant expression vectors,
and processes for producing the recombinant type II IL-IR molecules utilizing the
expression-vectors.
The present invention also provides substantially purified and homogeneous
proteins and protein compositions comprising type II IL-IR.
The present invention also provides compositions for use in therapy, diagnosis,
assay of type II IL-IR, or in raising antibodies to type II IL-IR, comprising effective
quantities of soluble native or recombinant receptor proteins prepared according to the
foregoing processes. '
These and other aspects of the present invention will become evident upon reference
to the following detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the expression plasmid pDC406. cDNA
molecules inserted at the Sal site are transcribed and translated using regulatory elements
derived from HIV and adenovirus. pDC406 contains origins of replication derived from
SV40, Epstein-Ban’ virus and pBR322.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the human and murine type II IL-1 receptors and
the various human and murine clones used to determine the sequences. Thin lines
represent untranslated regions, while the coding region is depicted by a box. The sections
encoding the signal peptide are filled in; the transmembrane regions are cross-hatched; and
the cytoplasmic portions are stippled. Potential N-linked glycosylation sites are marked by
inverted triangles. The predicted immunoglobulin-like disulfide bonds are also indicated by
dashes connecting two sulfide molecules (S-----S).
FIG. 3 compares the amino acid sequences of the human and murine type H IL-1
receptors (as deduced from the cDNA clones) with the amino acid sequences of the human
and murine type I IL-1 receptors (Sims et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8946, 1989;
Sims et al., Science 241 :585, 1988) and the amino acid sequences of the ST2 cellular gene
(T orninaga, FEBS Lett. 258:301, 1989) and the B15R open reading frame of vaccinia virus
(Smith and Chan, J. Gen. Virology 72:51l, 1991). Numbering begins with the initiating
methionine. The predicted position of the signal peptide cleavage in each sequences was
determined according to the method described by von Heijne, Nucl. Acids. Res. 14:4683,
1986, and is indicated by a gap between the putative signal peptide and the main body of
the protein. The predicated transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions for the type II IL-1
receptors are shown on the bottom line, and are separated from one another by a gap.
Residues conserved in all four lL—l receptor sequences are presented in bold.
Residues conserved in type II receptors that are also found in one of the other
sequences are shaded; residues conserved in type I IL-l receptors that are found in one of
the other sequences are boxed. Cysteine residues involved in forrnin g the disulfide bonds
characteristic of the immunoglobulin fold are marked with solid dots, while the extra two
pairs of cysteines found in the type I IL-1 receptor and in some of the other sequences are
indicated by stars. The approximate boundaries of domains 1, 2 and 3 are indicated above
the lines. The predicted signal peptide cleavage in the type II IL-1 receptors follow Ala13,
resulting in an unusually short signal peptide and an N-terminal extension of 12 (human) or
23 (mouse) amino acids beyond the point corresponding to the mature N-terrninus of the
human or mouse type I IL-1 receptor. Other less favored but still acceptable sites of
cleavage in the murine type H IL-1 receptor are after Thrl5 or Pro17. This sequence
alignment was made by hand and does not represent an objectively optimized alignment of
the sequences. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the full length and soluble
human and murine type II IL-1 receptor cDNAs are also set forth in the Sequence Listing
herein.
FIG. 4 shows an autoradiograph of an SDS/PAGE gel with crosslinked IL-1
receptors. Cells expressing IL-1 ‘receptors were cross-linked to 1251-IL-1 in thd absence or
presence of the cognate unlabeled IL-1 competitor, extracted, electrophoresed and
autoradiographed as described in Example 6. Recombinant receptors were expressed
transiently in CV1/EBNA cells. The cell lines used for cross-linking to natural receptors
were KB (ATCC CCL 1717) (for human type I IL-1R) , CB23 (for human type II ll.-1R),
EL4 (ATCC TIB 39) (for murine type I IL-1R), and 702/3 (AT CC TIB 158) (for murine
type 11 IL-1R).
Definitions
"IL-1" refers collectively to IL-10: and IL-15.
"Type II Interleukin-1 receptor" and "type II IL-1R" refer to proteins which are
capable of binding Interleukin-1 (IL-1) molecules and, in their native configuration as
mammalian plasma membrane proteins, play a role in transducing the signal provided by
IL-1 to a cell. The mature full-length human type II IL-1R is a glycoprotein having an
apparent molecular weight of approximately 60-68 kDa. Specific examples of type 11 IL-
lR proteins are shown in SEQ ID N021 and SEQ ID NO:l2. As used herein, the above
terms include analogs or subunits of native type II IL-1R proteins with IL-l-binding or
signal transducing activity. Specifically included are truncated or soluble forms of type II
IL-IR protein, as defined below. In the absence of any species designation, type II IL-1R
refers generically to mammalian type II IL-1R, which includes, but is not limited to,
human, murine, and bovine type II IL-IR. Similarly, in the absence of any specific
designation for deletion mutants, the term type II IL-1R means all forms of type II IL-IR,
including mutants and analogs which possess type II IL-IR biological activity.
"Interleukin-1 Receptor" or "lL-lR" refers collectively to type I IL-1 receptor and type II
IL-1 receptor.
"Soluble type II IL-1R" as used in the context of the present invention refer to
proteins, or substantially equivalent analogs, which are substantially similar to all or part of
the extracellular region of a native type II IL-IR, and are secreted by the cell but retain the
ability to bind IL-1 or inhibit IL-1 signal transduction activity via cell surface bound IL-IR
proteins. Soluble type II IL-lR proteins may also include part” of the transmembrane
region, provided that the soluble type II IL-1R protein is capable of being secreted from the
cell. Specific examples of soluble type II IL-1R proteins include proteins having the
sequence of amino acids 1-330 or amino acids 1-333 of SEQ ID NO:l and amino acids 1-
342 and amino acids 1-345 of SEQ ID NO:l2. Inhibition of IL-1 signal transduction
activity can be determined using primary cells or cells lines which express an endogenous
IL-IR and which are biologically responsive to IL-1 or which, when transfected with
recombinant IL-1R DNAs, are biologically responsive to IL-1. The cells are then
contacted with IL-1 and the resulting metabolic effects examined. If an effect results which
is attributable to the action of the ligand, then the recombinant receptor has signal
transduction activity. Exemplary procedures for determining whether a polypeptide has
signal transduction activity are disclosed by Idzerda et al., J. Exp. Med. 171:86l (1990);
Curtis et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3045 (1989); Prywes et al., EMBO J. 522179
(1986) and Chou et al., J. Biol. Chem. 26221842 (1987).
The term "isolated" or "purified", as used in the context of this specification to
define the purity of type 11 IL-1R protein or protein compositions, means that the protein or
protein composition is substantially free of other proteins of natural or endogenous origin
and contains less than about 1% by mass of protein contaminants residual of production
processes. Such compositions, however, can contain other proteins added as stabilizers,
carriers, excipients or ccrtherapeutics. Type II IL-IR is "isolated" if it is detectable as a
single protein band in a polyacrylarnide gel by silver staining.
The term "substantially similar," when used to define either amino acid or nucleic
acid sequences, means that a particular subject sequence, for example, a mutant sequence,
varies from a reference sequence by one or more substitutions, deletions, or additions, the
net effect of which is to retain biological activity of the type II IL-1R protein as may be
determined, for example, in a type II IL-1R binding assays, such as is described in
Example 5 below. Alternatively, nucleic acid subunits and analogs are "substantially
similar" to the specific DNA sequences disclosed herein if: (a) the DNA sequence is
derived from the coding region of SEQ ID N021 or; SEQ ID NO: 12; (b) the DNA sequence
is capable of hybridization to DNA sequences of (a) under moderately stringent conditions
(25% formamide, 42'C, 2xSSC) or alternatively under more stringent conditions (50%
formamide, 50°C, 2xSSC or 50% formamide, 42°C, 2xSSC) and which encode
biologically active ll.-1R molecules; or DNA sequences which are degenerate as a result of
the genetic code to the DNA sequences defined in (a) or (b) and which encode biologically
active IL-1R molecules.
"Recombinant," as used herein, means that a protein is derived from recombinant
(e.g., microbial or mammalian) expression systems. "Microbial'f refers to recombinant
proteins made in bacterial or fungal (e.g., yeast) expression systems. As a product,
"recombinant microbial" defines a protein essentially free of native endogenous substances
and unaccompanied by associated native glycosylation. Protein expressed in most bacterial
cultures, e.g., E. call, will be free of glycan; protein expressed in yeast may have a
glycosylation pattem different from that expressed in mammalian cells.
“Biologically active," as used throughout the specification as a characteristic of type
II ll.-IR, means either that a particular molecule shares sufficient amino acid sequence
similarity with SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:l3 to be capable of binding detectable
quantities of IL-1, preferably at least 0.01 nmoles IL-1 per nanomole type II IL-1R, or, in
the alternative, shares sufficient amino acid sequence similarity to be capable‘ of transmitting
an IL-1 stimulus to a cell, for example, as a component of a hybrid receptor construct.
More preferably, biologically active type II IL-IR within the scope of the present invention
is capable of binding greater than 0.1 nanomoles IL-1 per nanomole receptor, and most
preferably, greater than 0.5 nanomoles IL-1 per nanomole receptor.
"DNA sequence" refers to a DNA polymer, in the form of a separate fragment or as
a component of a larger DNA construct, which has been derived from DNA isolated at least
once in substantially pure form, i.e., free of contaminating endogenous materials and in a
quantity or concentration enabling identification, manipulation, and recovery of the
sequence and its component nucleotide sequences by standard biochemical methods, for
example, using a cloning vector. Such sequences are preferably provided in the form of an
open reading frame uninterrupted by internal nontranslated sequences, or introns, which
are typically present in eukaryotic genes. However, it will be evident that genomic DNA
containing the relevant sequences could also be used. Sequences of non—u'anslated DNA
may be present 5' or 3‘ from the open reading frame, where the same do not interfere with
manipulation or expression of the coding regions.
"Nucleotide sequence" refers to a heteropolymer of deoxyribonucleotides. DNA
sequences encoding the proteins provided by this invention are assembled from cDNA
fragments and short oligonucleotide linkers, or from a series of oligonucleotides, to
provide a synthetic gene which is capable of being expressed in a recombinant
transcriptional unit.
"Recombinant expression vector" refers to a plasmid comprising a transcriptional
unit comprising an assembly of (1) a genetic element or elements having a regulatory role in
gene expression, for example, promoters or enhancers, (2) a structural or coding sequence
which is transcribed into mRNA and translated into protein, and (3) appropriate
transcription and translation initiation and termination sequences. Structural elements
intended for use in yeast expression systems preferably include a leader sequence enabling
extracellular secretion of translated protein by a host cell. Altematiyely, where recombinant
protein is expressed without a leader or transport sequence, it may include an N-terrninal
inethionine residue. This residue may optionally be subsequently cleaved from the
expressed recombinant protein to provide a final product.
"Recombinant microbial expression system" means a substantially homogeneous
monoculture of suitable host microorganisms, for example, bacteria such as E. coli or yeast
such as S. cerevisiae, which have stably integrated a recombinant transcriptional unit into
chromosomal DNA or carry the recombinant transcriptional unit as a component of a
resident plasmid. Generally, cells constituting the system are the progeny of a single
ancestral transforrnant. Recombinant expression systems as defined herein will express
heterologous protein upon induction of the regulatory elements linked to the DNA sequence
or synthetic gene to be expressed.
Tyx H H.-lR Proteins and Analogs
The present invention provides isolated recombinant mammalian type II H.-IR
polypeptides. The type H H.-1R proteins of the present invention include, by way of
example, primate, human, murine, canine, feline, bovine, ovine, equine, caprine and
porcine type H H.-1R. Type H IL-1R can be obtained by cross species hybridization, using
a single stranded cDNA derived from the human or murine type II H..—lR DNA sequence,
for example, human clone 75, as a hybridization probe to isolate type H H.-IR cDNAs
from mammalian cDNA libraries.
1R is presumably encoded by multi-exon genes. Alternative mRN A constructs which can
be attributed to different mRNA splicing events following transcription, and which share
large regions of identity or similarity with the cDNAs claimed herein, are considered to be
Like most mammalian genes, mammalian type 11 IL-
within the scope of the present invention. DNA sequences which encode 11.-IR-H,
possibly in the form of alternate splicing arrangements, can be isolated from the following
cells and tissues: B lymphoblastoid lines (such as CB23, CB33, Raji, RPMI1788,
ARH77), resting and especially activated peripheral blood T cells, monocytes, the
monocytic cell line THPI, neutrophils, bone marrow, placenta, endothelial cells,
keratinocytes (especially activated), and HepG2 cells.
Derivatives of type H H.-IR within the scope of the invention also include various
structural forms of the primary protein which retain biological activity. Due to the presence
of iortizable amino and carboxyl groups, for example, a type H H.-1R protein may be in the
form of acidic or basic salts, or may be in neutral form. Individual amino acid residues
may also be modified by oxidation or reduction.
The primary amino acid structure may be modified by; forming covalent or
aggregative conjugates with other chemical moieties, such as glycosyl groups, lipids,
phosphate, acetyl groups and the like, or by creating amino acid sequence mutants.
Covalent derivatives are prepared by linking particular functional groups to type H H.-1R
amino acid side chains or at the N- or C-termini. Other derivatives of type II IL-1R within
the scope of this invention include covalent or aggregative conjugates of type H H.-1R or its
fragments with other proteins or polypeptides, such as by synthesis in recombinant culture
as N-terminal or C-terminal fusions. For example, the conjugated peptide may be a a
signal (or leader) polypeptide sequence at the N -terrninal region of the protein which co-
translationally or post-translationally directs transfer of the protein from its site of synthesis
to its site of function inside or outside of the cell membrane or wall (e.g., the yeast a-factor
leader). Type H H.-1R protein fusions can comprise peptides added to facilitate purification
or identification of type II H.-1R (e.g., poly-His). The amino acid sequence of type 11 H.-
lR can also be linked to the peptide Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys (DYKDDDDK)
(Hopp et al., Bio/Technology 6:l204,1988.) The latter sequence is highly antigenic and
provides an epitope reversibly bound by a specific monoclonal antibody, enabling rapid
assay and facile purification of expressed recombinant protein. This sequence is also
specifically cleaved by bovine mucosal enterokinase at the residue immediately following
the Asp-Lys pairing. Fusion proteins capped with this peptide may also be resistant to
intracellular degradation in E. coli.
Type H IL-1R derivatives may also be used as immunogens, reagents in receptor-
based immunoassays, or as binding agents for affinity purification procedures of H.-l or
other binding ligands. Type H H.-lR derivatives may also be obtained by cross-linking
agents, such as M-maleimidobenzoyl succinimide ester and N—hydroxysuccinimide, at
cysteine and lysine residues. Type H H.-1R proteins may also be covalently bound through
reactive side groups to various insoluble substrates, such as cyanogen brornide-activated,
bisoxirane-activated, carbonyldiimidazole-activated or tosyl-activated agarose structures, or
by adsorbing to polyolefin surfaces (with or without glutaraldehyde cross-linking). Once
bound to a substrate, type II IL-1R may be used to selectively bind (for purposes of assay
or purification) anti-type II IL-1R antibodies or H.-1.
The present invention also includes type H H.-lR with or without associated native-
, pattern glycosylation. Type H IL-1R expressed in yeast or mammalian expression
systems, e.g., COS-7 cells, may be similar or slightly different in molecular weight and
glycosylation pattern than the native molecules, depending upon the expression system.
Expression of type H IL-1R DNAs in bacteria such as E. coli provides non-glycosylated
molecules. Functional mutant analogs of mammalian type H IL-1R having inactivated N-
glycosylation sites can be produced by oligonucleotide synthesis and ligation or by site-
A. specific mutagenesis techniques. These analog proteins can be produced in a
homogeneous, reduced-carbohydrate form in good yield using yeast expression systems.
N - glycosylation sites in eukaryotic proteins are characterized by the amino acid triplet Asn-
A1-Z, where A1 is any amino acid except Pro, and Z is Ser or Thr. In this sequence,
asparagine provides a side chain amino group for covalent attachment of carbohydrate.
Examples of N-glycosylation sites in human type H H.-1R are amino acids 66-68, 72-74,
112-114, 219-221, and 277-279 in SEQ ID NO:l. Such sites can be eliminated by
substituting another amino acid for Asn or for residue Z, deleting Asn or Z, or inserting a
non-Z amino acid between A1 and Z, or an amino acid other than Asn between Asn and
A 1.
Type H H.-1R derivatives may also be obtained by mutations of type H H.-IR or its
subunits. A type H H.-1R mutant, as referred to herein, is a polypeptide homologous to
type H IL-1R but which has an amino acid sequence different from native type H H.-1R
because of a deletion, insertion or substitution.
Bioequivalent analogs of type II IL-1R proteins may be constructed by, for
example, malcing various substitutions of residues or sequences or deleting terminal or
internal residues or sequences not needed for biological activity. For example, cysteine
residues can be deleted or replaced with other amino acids to prevent formation of
unnecessary or incorrect intramolecular disulfrde bridges upon renaturation. Other
approaches to mutagenesis involve modification of adjacent dibasic amino acid residues to
enhance expression in yeast systems in‘ which KEX2 protease activity is ‘present.
Generally, substitutions should be made conservatively; i.e., the most preferred substitute
amino acids are those having physiochemical characteristics resembling those of the residue
to be replaced. Similarly, when a deletion or insertion strategy is adopted, the potential
effect of the deletion or insenion on biological activity should be considered. Substantially
similar polypeptide sequences, as defined above, generally comprise a like numberof
amino acids sequences, although C~termina1 truncations for the purpose of constructing
soluble type II IL-lRs will contain fewer amino acid sequences. In order to preserve the
biological activity of type II IL-lRs, deletions and substitutions willpreferably result in
homologous or conservatively substituted sequences, meaning that a given residue is
replaced by a biologically similar residue. Examples of conservative substitutions include
substitution of one aliphatic residue for another, such as He, Val, Leu, or Ala for one
another, or substitutions of one polar residue for another, such as between Lys and Arg;
Glu and Asp; or Gln and Asn. Other such conservative substitutions, for example,
substitutions of entire regions having similar hydrophobicity characteristics, are well
known. Moreover, particular amino acid differences between human, murine and other
mammalian type II IL-lRs is suggestive of additional conservative substitutions that may
be made without altering the essential biological characteristics of type II IL-lR.
Subunits of type II IL-IR may be constructed by deleting terrriinal or internal
residues or sequences. The present invention contemplates, for example, C terminal
deletions which result in soluble type H IL-1R constructs corresponding to all or part of the
exuacellular region of type II IL-1R. The resulting protein preferably retains its ability to
bind IL-1. Particularly preferred sequences include those in which the transmembrane
region and intracellular domain of type II II_.- lR are deleted or substituted with hydrophilic
residues to facilitate secretion of the receptor into the cell culture medium. Soluble type II
IL-1R proteins may also include part of the transmembrane region, provided that the
soluble type II IL-1R protein is capable of being secreted from the cell. For example,
soluble human type II IL-lR may comprise the sequence of amino acids l-333 or amino
acids 1-330 of SEQ ID NO:l and amino acids 1-345 and amino acids 1-342 of SEQ ID
NO:l2. Alternatively, soluble type II IL-lR proteins may be derived by deleting the C-
terminal region of a type II IL-lR within the extracellular region which are not necessary
for IL-1 binding. For example, C-terminal deletions may be made to proteins having the
sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:l2 following amino acids 313 and 325,
respectively. These amino acids are cysteines which are believed to be necessary to
maintain the tertiary structure of the type II IL-1R molecule and pennit binding of the type
II IL-1R molecule to IL-1. Soluble type II IL-1R constructs are constructed by deleting the
3'-terminal region of a DNA encoding the type II IL-1R and then inserting and expressing
the DNA in appropriate expression vectors. Exemplary methods of constructing such
soluble proteins are described in Examples 2 and 4. The resulting soluble type II IL-1R
proteins are then assayed for the ability to bind IL-1, as described in Example 5. Both the
DNA sequences encoding such soluble type II IL-lRs and the biologically active soluble
type 11 IL-IR proteins resulting from such constructions are contemplated to be within the
scope of the present invention.
Mutations in nucleotide sequences constructed for expression of analog type 11 IL-
lR must, of course, preserve the reading frame phase of the coding sequences and
preferably will not create complementary regions that could hybridize to produce secondary
mRN A structures such as loops or hairpins which would adversely affect translation of the
receptor mRNA. Although a mutation site may be predetermined, it is not necessary that
the nature of the mutation per se be predetermined. For example, in order to select for
optimum characteristics of mutants at a given site, random mutagenesis may be conducted
at the target codon and the expressed type II IL-1R mutants screened for the desired
activity.
Not all mutations in the nucleotide sequence which encodes type II IL-IR will be
expressed in the final product, for example, nucleotide substitutions may be made to
enhance expression, primarily to avoid secondary structure loops in the transcribed mRNA
(see EPA 75,444A, incorporated herein by reference), or to provide codons that are more '
readily translated by the selected host, e.g., the well-known E. coli preference codons for
E. coli expression.
Mutations can be introduced at particular loci by synthesizing oligonucleotides
containing a mutant sequence, flanked by restriction sites enabling ligation to fragments of
the native sequence. Following ligation, the resulting reconstructed sequence encodes an
analog having the desired amino acid insertion, substitution, or deletion.
Alternatively, oligonucleotlde-directed site-specific mutagenesis procedures can be
employed to provide an altered gene having particular codons altered according to the
substitution, deletion, or insertion required. Exemplary methods of making the alterations
set forth above are disclosed by Walder et al. (Gene 422133, 1986); Bauer et 211. (Gene
37:73, 1985); Craik (Br’oTechnz'ques, January 1985, 12-19); Smith et al. (Genetic
Engineering: Principles and Methods, Plenum Press, 1981); and U.S. Patent Nos.
,518,584 and 4,737,462 disclose suitable techniques, and are incorporated by reference
herein.
Both monovalent forms and polyvalent forms of type II IL-1R are useful in the
compositions and methods of this invention. Polyvalent forms possess multiple type H IL-
1R binding sites for IL-1 ligand. For example, a bivalent soluble type II IL-1R may
consist of two tandem repeats of the extracellular region of type 11 IL-1R, separated by a
linker region. Alternate polyvalent forms may also be constructed, for example, by
chemically coupling type II IL-1R to any clinically acceptable carrier molecule, a polymer
selected from the group consisting of Ficoll, polyethylene glycol or dextran using
conventional coupling techniques. Alternatively, type II IL-1R may be chemically coupled
to biotin, and the biotin-type I1 IL-1R conjugate then allowed to bind to avidin, resulting in
tetravalent avidin/biotin/type II IL-1R molecules. Type H IL-1R may also be covalently
coupledto dinitrophenol (DNP) or trinitrophenol (TNP) and the resulting conjugate
precipitated with anti—DNP or anti-TN?-IgM, to form decarneric conjugates with a valency
of 10 for type II IL-IR binding sites. ‘
A recombinant chimeric antibody molecule may also be produced having type II IL-
lR sequences substituted for the variable domains of either or both of the immunoglubulin
molecule heavy and light chains and having unmodified constant region domains. For
example, chimeric type II IL-1R/IgG1 may be produced from two chimeric genes -- a type
II IL-1R/human K light chain chimera (type II IL-1R/Cg) and a type II IL-1R/human 71
heavy chain chimera (type II IL-1R/CH). Following transcription and translation of the
two chimeric genes, the gene products assemble into a single chimeric antibody molecule
having type II IL-1R displayed bivalently. Such polyvalent forrrts of type II IL-1R may
have enhanced binding affinity for IL-1 ligand. Additional details relating to the
construction of suchlchimeric antibody molecules are disclosed in W0 89/09622 and 5 EP
315062.
Expression of Recombinant Tvoe ll IL-1R
The present invention provides recombinant expression vectors to amplify or
express DNA encoding type II IL-1R. Recombinant expression vectors are replicable DNA
constructs which have synthetic or cDNA-derived DNA fragments encoding mammalian
type II IL-1R or bioequivalent analogs operably linked to suitable transcriptional or
translational regulatory elements derived from mammalian, microbial, viral or insect genes.
A transcriptional unit generally comprises an assembly of (1) a genetic element or elements
having a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, transcriptional promoters or
enhancers, (2) a structural or coding sequence which is transcribed into mRNA and
translated into protein, and (3) appropriate transcription and translation initiation and
termination sequences, as described in detail below. Such regulatory elements may include
an operator sequence to control transcription, a sequence encoding suitable mRNA
ribosomal binding sites. The ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of
replication, anda selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants may additionally
be incorporated. DNA regions are operably linked when they are functionally related to
each other. For example, DNA for a signal peptide (secretory leader) is operably linked to
DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a precursor which participates in the secretion of
the polypeptide; a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the
transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding
sequence if it is positioned so as to permit translation. Generally, operably linked means
contiguous and, in the case of secretory leaders, contiguous and in reading frame.
Structural elements intended for use in yeast expression systems preferably include a leader
sequence enabling extracellular secretion of translated protein by a host cell. Alternatively,
where recombinant protein is expressed without a leader or transport sequence, it may
include an N-terminal methionine residue. This residue may optionally be subsequently
cleaved from the expressed recombinant protein to provide a final product
. DNA sequences encoding mammalian type II IL-1Rs which are to be expressed in
a microorganism will preferably contain no introns that could prematurely terminate
transcription of DNA into mRNA; however, premature termination of transcription may be
desirable, for example, where it would result in mutants having advantageous C-terrninal
truncations, for example, deletion of a transmembrane region to yield a soluble receptor not
bound to the cell membrane. Due to code degeneracy, there can be considerable variation
in nucleotide sequences encoding the same amino acid sequence. Other embodiments
include sequences capable of hybridizing to clone 75 under moderately stringent conditions
(50'C, 2x SSC) and other sequences hybiidizing or degenerate to those which encode
biologically active type II IL-1R polypeptides.
Recombinant type H IL-1R DNA is expressed or amplified in a recombinant
expression system comprising a substantially homogeneous monoculture of suitable host
microorganisms, for example, bacteria such as E. coli or yeast such as S. cerevisiae, which
have stably integrated (by transfomtation or transfection) a recombinant transcriptional unit
into chromosomal DNA or carry the recombinant transcriptional unit as a component of a
resident plasmid. Generally, cells constituting the system are the progeny of a single
ancestral transforrnant. Recombinant expression systems as defined herein will express
heterologous protein upon induction of the regulatory elements linked to the DNA sequence
or synthetic gene to be expressed
Transformed host cells are cells which have been transformed or transfected with
type 11 IL-1R vectors constructed using recombinant DNA techniques. Transformed host
cells ordinarily express type II IL-1R, but host cells transformed for purposes of cloning or
amplifying type II 1L- 1R DNA do not need to express type H IL-1R. Expressed type H IL-
1R will be deposited in the cell membrane or secreted into the culture supernatant,
depending on the type II IL-IR DNA selected. Suitable host cells for expression of
mammalian type II [L-IR include prokaryotes, yeast or higher eukaryotic cells under the
control of appropriate promoters. Prokaryotes include gram negative or gram positive
organisms, for example E . coli or bacilli. Higher eukaryotic cells include established cell
lines of mammalian origin as described below. Cell-free translation systems could also be
employed to produce mammalian type II IL-1R using RNAs derived from the DNA
constructs of the present invention. Appropriate cloning and expression vectors for use
with bacterial, fungal, yeast, and mammalian cellular hosts are described by Pouwels et al.
(Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, Elsevier, New York, 1985), the relevant
disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Prokaryotic expression hosts may be used for expression of type II IL-lR that do
not require extensive proteolytic and disulfrde processing. Prokaryotic expression vectors
generally comprise one or more phenotypic selectable markers, for example a gene
encoding proteins conferring antibiotic resistance or supplying an autotrophic requirement,
and an origin of replication recognized by the host to ensure amplification within the host.
Suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E . coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella
typhimurium, and various species within the genera Pseudomonas, S treptomyces, and
S taphyolococcus, although others may also be employed as a matter of choice.
Useful expression vectors for bacterial use can comprise a selectable marker and
bacterial origin of replication derived from commercially available plasmids comprising
genetic elements of the well known cloning vector pBR322 (ATCC 37017). Such
commercial vectors include, for example, pKK223—3 (Pharrnacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala,
Sweden) and pGEM1 (Promega Biotec, Madison, WI, USA). These pBR322 "backbone"
sections are combined with an appropriate promoter and the structural sequence to be
expressed. E . coli is typically transformed using derivatives of pBR322, a plasmid derived
from an E. coli species (Bolivar et al., Gene 2295, 1977). pBR322 contains genes for
arnpicillin and tetracycline resistance and thus provides simple means for identifying
transformed cells.
Promoters commonly used in recombinant microbial expression vectors include the
[3—lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose promoter system (Chang et al., Nature 275 :6l5,
1978; and Goeddel et al., Nature 2812544, 1979), the tryptophan (trp) promoter system
(Goeddel et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 824057, 1980; and EPA 36,776) and tac promoter
(Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, p.
412, 1982). A particularly useful bacterial expression system employs the phage 3. PL
promoter and cI857ts thermolabile repressor. Plasmid vectors available from the American
Type Culture Collection which incorporate derivatives of the 1. PL promoter include
plasmid pHUB2, resident in E. coli strain J MB9 (ATCC 37092) and pPLc28, resident in
E. coli RR1 (ATCC 53082).
Recombinant type II IL-1R proteins may also be expressed in yeast hosts,
preferably from the Saccharomyces species, such as S. cerevisiae. Yeast of other genera,
such as Pichia or K Iuyveromyces may also be employed. Yeast vectors will generally
contain an origin of replication from the 2p yeast plasmid or an autonomously replicating
sequence (ARS), promoter, DNA encoding type 11 IL-1R, sequences for polyadenylation
and transcription termination and a selection gene. Preferably, yeast vectors will include an
origin of replication and selectable marker permitting transformation of both yeast and E.
coli, e.g., the ampicillin resistance gene of E. coli and S. cerevisiae TRP1 or URA3 gene,
which provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in
tryptophan, and a promoter derived from a highly expressed yeast gene to induce
transcription of a structural sequence downstream. The presence of the TRP1 or URA3‘
lesion in the yeast host cell genome then provides an effective environment for detecting
transformation by growth in the absence of tryptophan or uracil.
Suitable promoter sequences in yeast vectors include the promoters for
metallothionein, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255 :2073,
1980) or other glycolytic enzymes (Hess et al., J. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 7:149, 1968; and
Holland et al., Biochem. 17:4900, 1978), such as enolase, glyceraldehydephosphate
dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, phosphofmctokinase, glucose
phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase, triosephosphate
isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucolcinase. Suitable vectors and promoters
for use in yeast expression are further described in R. I-Iitzeman et al., EPA 73,657.
Preferred yeast vectors can be assembled using DNA sequences from pUCl8 for
selection and replication in E. colt’ (Amp? gene and origin of replication) and yeast DNA
sequences including a glucose-repressible ADH2 promoter and a-factor secretion leader.
The ADH2 promoter has been described by Russell et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 25812674, 1982)
and Beier et al. (Nature 3002724, 1982). The yeast ot-factor leader, which directs
secretion of heterologous proteins, can be inserted between the promoter and the structural
gene to be expressed. See, e.g., Kurjan et al., Cell 30:933, 1982; and Bitter et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 :5330, 1984. The leader sequence may be modified to contain,
near its 3' end, one or more useful restriction sites to facilitate fusion of the leader sequence
to foreign genes.
Suitable yeast transformation protocols are known to those of skill in the art; an
exemplary technique is described by Hinnen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75 :1929,
, selecting for Trp+ transforrnants in a selective medium consisting of 0.67% yeast
nitrogen base, 0.5% casamino acids, 2% glucose, 10 pg/ml adenine and 20 pg/ml uracil or
URA+ transformants in medium consisting of 0.67% YNB, with amino acids and bases as
described by Sherman et al., Laboratory Course Manual for Methods in Yeast Genetics,
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1986.
Host strains transfonned by vectors comprising the ADH2 promoter may be grown
for expression in a rich medium consisting of 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 1% or 4%
glucose supplemented with 80 pg/ml adenine and 80 pg/ml uracil. Derepression of the
ADH2 promoter occurs upon exhaustion of medium glucose. Crude yeast supematants are
harvested by filtration and held at 4'C prior to further purification.
Various mammalian or insect cell culture systems are also advantageously employed
to express recombinant protein. Expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells is
particularly preferred because such proteins are generally correctly folded, appropriately
modified and completely functional. Examples of suitable mammalian host cell lines
include the COS-7 lines of monkey kidney cells, described by Gluzman (Cell 23:l75,
1981), and other cell lines capable of expressing an appropriate vector including, for
example, L cells, C127, 3T3, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), HeLa and BHK cell lines.
Mammalian expression vectors may comprise nontranscribed elements such as an origin of
replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer linked to the gene to be expressed, and other
‘ or 3' flanking nomranscribed sequences, and 5‘ or 3' nontranslated sequences, such as
necessary ribosome binding sites, a polyadenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites,
and transcriptional termination sequences. Baculovirus systems for production of
heterologous proteins in insect cells are reviewed by Luckow and Summers,
Bio/Technology 6:47 (1988).
The transcriptional and translational control sequences in expression vectors to be
used in transforming vertebrate cells may be provided by viral sources. For example,
commonly used promoters and enhancers are derived from Polyoma, Adenovirus 2,
Simian Virus 40 (SV40), and human cytomegalovirus. DNA sequences derived from the
SV4O viral genome, for example, SV40 origin, early and late promoter, enhancer, splice,
and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the other genetic elements required for
expression of a heterologous DNA sequence. The early and late promoters are particularly
useful because both are obtained easily from the virus as a fragment which also contains the
SV4O viral origin of replication (Fiers et al., Nature 273:1 13, 1978). Smaller or larger
SV40 fragments may also be used, provided the approximately 250 bp sequence extending
from the Hind 3 site toward the Bgll site located in the viral origin of replication is
included. Further, mammalian genomic type II IL-1R promoter, control and/or signal
sequences may be utilized, provided such control sequences are compatible with the host
cell chosen. Additional details regarding the use of a mammalian high expression vector to
produce a recombinant mammalian type II IL-1R are provided in Examples 2 below.
Exemplary vectors can be constructed as disclosed by Okayama and Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol.
3:280, 1983).
A useful system for stable high level expression of mammalian receptor cDNAs in
C127 murine mammary epithelial cells can be constructed substantially as described by
Cosman et al. (Mol. Immunol. 23:935, 1986).
In preferred aspects of the present invention, recombinant expression vectors
comprising type II IL-IR cDNAs are stably integrated into a host cell's DNA. Elevated
levels of expression product is achieved by selecting for cell lines having amplified
numbers of vector DNA. Cell lines having amplified numbers of vector DNA are selected,
for example, by transforming a host cell with a vector comprising a DNA sequence which
encodes an enzyme which is inhibited by a known drug. The vector may also comprise a
DNA sequence which encodes a desired protein. Alternatively, the host cell may be co-
transformed with a second vector which comprises the DNA sequence which encodes the
desired protein. The transformed or co-transforrned host cells are then cultured in
increasing concentrations of the known drug, thereby selecting for drug-resistant cells.
Such drug-resistant cells survive in increased concentrations of the toxic drug by over-
production of the enzyme which is inhibited by the drug, frequently as a result of
amplification of the gene encoding the enzyme. Where drug resistance is caused by an
increase in the copy number of the vector DNA encoding the inhibitable enzyme, there is a
concomitant co-arnplification of the vector DNA encoding the desired protein (e.g., type H
IL-1R) in the host cell's DNA. ,
A preferred system for such co-amplification uses the gene for dihydrofolate
reductase (DHFR), which can be inhibited by the drug methotrexate (MTX). To achieve
co-amplification, a host cell which lacks an active gene encoding DHFR is either
transformed with a vector which comprises DNA sequence encoding DHFR and a desired
protein, or is co-transfomred with a vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding DHFR
and a vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding the desired protein. The transformed or
co-transforrned host cells are cultured in media containing increasing levels of MTX, and
those cells lines which survive are selected.
A particularly preferred co-amplification system uses the gene for glutamine
synthetase (GS), which is responsible for the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and
ammonia using the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate to drive the reaction. GS is
subject to inhibition by a variety of inhibitors, for example methionine sulphoximine
(MSX). Thus, type II IL-1R can be expressed in high concentrations by co-amplifying
cells transformed with a vector comprising the DNA sequence for GS and a desired
protein, or co-transformed with a vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding GS and a
vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding the desired protein, culturing the host cells in
media containing increasing levels of MSX and selecting for surviving cells. The GS co-
amplification system, appropriate recombinant expression vectors and cells lines, are
described in the following PCT applications: WO 87/04462, WO 89/01036, W0 89/ 10404
and WO 86/05807.
Recombinant proteins are preferably expressed by co-amplification of ‘DHFR or GS
in a mammalian host cell, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, or alternatively in a
murine_ myeloma cell line, such as SP2/0-Ag14 or N80 or a rat myeloma cell line, such as
YB2/3.0-Ag20, disclosed in PCT applications WO/89/ 10404 and WO 86/05807.
A preferred eukaryotic vector for expression of type II IL-lR DNA is disclosed
below in Example 2. This vector, referred to as pDC406, was derived from the
mammalian high expression vector pDC201 and contains regulatory sequences from SV40,
HIV and EBV.
Purification of Recombinant Ty}; II H.-1R
Purified mammalian type II IL-1Rs or analogs are prepared by culturing suitable
host/vector systems to express the recombinant translation products of the DNAs of the
present invention, which are then purified from culture media or cell extracts.
For example, supematants from systems which secrete recombinant soluble type II
IL-1R protein into culture media can be first concentrated using a commercially available
protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration-
unit. Following the concentration step, the concentrate can be applied to a suitable
purification matrix. For example, a suitable affinity matrix can comprise an IL-1 or lectin or
antibody molecule bound to a suitable support. Alternatively, an anioh exchange resin can
be employed, for example, a mauix or substrate having pendant diethylarninoethyl (DEAE)
groups. The matrices can be acrylamide, agarose, dextran, cellulose or other types
commonly employed in protein purification. Alternatively, a cation exchange step can be
employed. Suitable cation exchangers include various insoluble matrices comprising
sulfopropyl or carboxymethyl groups. Sulfopropyl groups are preferred.
Finally, one or more reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-
HPLC) steps employing hydrophobic RP-HPLC media, e.g., silica gel having pendant
methyl or other aliphatic groups, can be employed to further purify a type II IL-1R
composition. Some or all of the foregoing purification steps, in various combinations, can
also be employed to provide a homogeneous recombinant protein.
Recombinant protein produced in bacterial culture is usually isolated by initial
extraction from cell pellets, followed by one or more concentration, salting-out, aqueous
ion exchange or size exclusion chromatography steps. Finally, high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps. Microbial cells
employed in expression of recombinant mammalian type II IL-IR can be disrupted by any
convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical disruption, or
use of cell lysing agents.
Fermentation of yeast which express soluble mammalian type 11 IL-lR as a secreted
protein greatly simplifies purification. Secreted recombinant protein resulting from a large-
scale fermentation can be purified by methods analogous to those disclosed by Urdal et al.
(J. C hromatog. 2962171, 1984). This reference describes two sequential, reversed-phase
HPLC steps for purification of recombinant human GM-CSF on a preparative HPLC
column.
Human type II IL-lR synthesized in recombinant culture is characterized by the
presence of non-human cell components, including proteins, in amounts and of a character
which depend upon the purification steps taken to recover human type II IL-IR from the
culture. These components ordinarily will be of yeast, prokaryotic or non-human higher
eukaryotic origin and preferably are present in innocuous contaminant quantities, on the
order of less than about 1 percent by weight. Further, recombinant cell culture enables the
production of type II IL-1R free of proteins which may be normally associated with type II
IL-1R as it is found in nature in its species of origin, e.g. in cells, cell exudates or body
fluids.
Therapeutic Administration of Recombinant figlgblg Type II IL-1R
The present invention provides methods of using therapeutic compositions
comprising an effective amount of soluble type II IL-1R proteins and a suitable diluent and
carrier, and methods for suppressing IL-'1-dependent immune responses in humans
comprising administering an effective amount of soluble type II IL-1R protein.
For therapeutic use, purified soluble type II IL-1R protein is administered to a
patient, preferably a human, for treatment in a manner appropriate to the indication. Thus,
for example, soluble type II IL-1R protein compositions can be administered by bolus
injection, continuous infusion, sustained release from implants, or other suitable technique.
Typically, a soluble type H IL-1R therapeutic agent will be administered in the form of a
composition comprising purified protein in conjunction with physiologically acceptable
carriers, excipients or diluents. Such carriers will be nontoxic to recipients at the dosages
and concentrations employed. Ordinarily, the preparation of such compositions entails
combining the type II IL-1R with buffers, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low
molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides, proteins, amino acids,
carbohydrates including glucose, sucrose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA,
glutathione and other stabilizers and excipients. Neutral buffered saline or saline mixed
with conspecific serum albumin are exemplary appropriate diluents. Preferably, product is
formulated as a lyophilizate using appropriate excipient solutions (e.g., sucrose) as
diluents. Appropriate dosages can be determined in trials; generally, shuIL-1R dosages of
from about 1 ng/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, and more preferably from about 500
pg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day, are expected to induce a biological effect.
Because IL-IR-I and type II IL-1R proteins both bind to IL-1, soluble type H IL-
1R proteins are expected to have similar, if not identical, therapeutic activities. For
example, soluble human type II IL-1R can be administered, for example, for the purpose of
suppressing immune responses in a human. A variety of diseases or conditions are caused
by an immune response to alloantigen, including allograft rejection and graft-versus-host
reaction. In alloantigen-induced immune responses, shuIL-IR suppresses
lymphoproliferation and inflammation which result upon activation of T cells. shull-lR
can therefore be used to effectively suppress alloantigen-induced immune responses in the
clinical treatment of, for example, rejection of allog-rafts (such as skin, kidney, and heart
transplants), and graft-versus-host reactions in patients who have received bone marrow
transplants. ‘
Soluble human type II lL-lR can also be used in clinical treatment of autoimmune
dysfunctions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and multiple sclerosis, which are
dependent upon the activation of T cells against antigens not recognized as being
indigenous to the host.
The following examples are offered by way of illustration, and not by way of
limitation.
I EXAMBLES *
Example 1
Isolation of CDNA Encoding Human Type II IL-IR by
Direct Ex ression of Active Protein in V-1 BNA-l Cells
A. Radiolabeling of rIL-la. Recombinant human IL-15 was prepared by
expression in E. coli and purification to homogeneity as described by Kronheim et al.
(Bio/Technology 421078, 1986). The IL-1 [5 was labeled with di-iodo (1251) Bolton-Hunter
reagent (New England Nuclear, Glenolden, PA). Ten micrograms (0.57 nmol) of protein
in 10 uL of phosphate (0.015 mol/L)-buffered saline (PBS; 0.15 mol/L), pH 7.2, was
mixed with 10 uL of sodium borate (0.1 mol/L)-buffered saline (0.15 mol/L), pH 8.5, and
reacted with 1 mCi (0.23 nmol) of Bolton-Hunter reagent according to the manufacturer's
instructions for 12 hours at 8'C. Subsequently, 30 uL of 2% gelatin and 5 uL of 1 mol/L
glycine ethyl ester were added, and the protein was separated from unreacted Bolton-
r
21
Hunter reagent on a 1 mL bed volume Biogel” P6 column (Bio-Rad Laboratories,
Richmond, CA). Routinely, 50% to 60% incorporation of label was observed.
Radioiodination yielded specific acdvities in the range of 1 x 1015 to 5 x 1015 cpm/mmol-1
(0.4 to 2 atoms I per molecule protein), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single labeled polypeptide of 17.5 kD, consistant
with previously reported values for IL-1. The labeled protein was greater than 98% TCA
precipitable, indicating that the 1351 was covalently bound to protein.
B. Qgnstrucjgn and Screening Qf QB23 QDNA librgg. A CB23 library was
constructed and screened by direct expression of pooled cDNA clones in the monkey
kidney cell line CV-1/EBNA-1 (which was derived by transfection of the CV-1 cell line
with the gene encoding EBNA-1, as described below) using a mammalian expression
vector (pDC406) that includes regulatory sequences from SV40, human immunodeficiency
vinrs (HIV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The CV-1/EBNA-1 cell line constitutively
expresses EBV nuclear antigen-1 driven from the human cytomegalovirus (CMV)
immediate-early enhancer/promoter and therefore allows the episomal replication of
r expression vectors such as pDC406 that contain the EBV origin of replication. The
expression vector used was pDC406, a derivative of HAV-E0, described by Dower et al.,
J. Immunol. I42:4314, 1989), which is in turn a derivative of pDC201 and allows high A
level expression in the CV-1/EBNA-1 cell line. pDC406 differs from HAV-E0 (Dower et
al., supra) by the deletion of the intron present in the adenovirus 2 tripartite leader sequence
in HAV-E0 (see description of pDC303 below).
The CB23 cDNA library was constructed by reverse transcription of poly(A)+
mRNA isolated from total RNA extracted from the human B cell lymphoblastoid line CB23
(Benjamin & Dower, Blood 75:2017, 1990) substantially as described by Ausubel et al.,
eds., Current Protocols in Mole'cuIar Biology, Vol. 1, 1987. The CB23 cell line is an
EBV-transformed cord blood (CB) lymphocyte cell line, which was derived by using the
methods described by Benjamin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 8123547, 1984.
Poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated by oligo dT cellulose chromatography and double-stranded
cDNA was made substantially as described by Gubler and Hoffman,Gene 252263, 1983.
Briefly, the po1y(A)‘* mRNA was converted to an RNA-CDNA hybrid with reverse
transcriptase using random hexanucleotides as a primer. The RNA-CDNA hybrid was then
converted into double-stranded cDNA using RNAase H in combination with DNA
polymerase I. The resulting double stranded cDNA was blunt-ended with T4 DNA
polymerase. The following two unldnased oligonucleotides were annealed and blunt end
ligated with DNA ligase to the ends of the resulting blunt-ended CDNA as described by
Haymerle, et al., Nucleaic Acids Research, 14: 8615, 1986.
sso ID NO:3 s'- rcc ACT GGA ACG AGA cca ccr GCT -3"
GA CCT TGC TCT GCT GGA CGA -5'
SEQ ID NO:4 3'-
In this case only the 24-mer oligo will ligate onto the cDNA. The non-ligated oligos were
removed by gel filtration chromatography at 68‘C, leaving 24. nucleotide non-self-
complementary overhangs on the CDNA. The same procedure was used to convert the 5'
ends of Sall-cut mammalian expression vector pDC406 to 24 nucleotide overhangs
complementary to those added to the CDNA. Optimal proportions of adaptored vector and
CDNA were ligated in the presence of T4 polynucleotideldnase. Dialyzed ligation mixtures
were electroporated into E. coli strain DH5a. Approximately 3.9 x 105 clones were
generated and plated in pools of approximately 3,0()0. A sample of each pool was used to
prepare frozen glycerol stocks and a sample was used to obtain a pool of plasmid DNA. A
The pooled DNA was then used to transfect a sub-confluent layer of monkey CV-
/EBNA-‘I cells using DEAE-dextran followed by chloroquine treatment, similar to that -
described by Luthman et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 1 1:1295 (1983) and McCutchan et al., J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 412351 (1986). CV -1/EBNA-1 cells were derived as follows. The CV-
1/EBNA-1 cell line constitutively expresses EBV nuclear antigen-l driven from the CMV
immediate-early enhancer/promoter. The African Green Monkey kidney cell line, CV-1
(ATCC CCL 70, was cotransfected with 5 pg of pSV2gpt (Mulligan & Berg, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 7822072, 1981) and 25 ug of pDC303/EBNA-I using a calcium phosphate
coprecipitation technique (Ausubel et al., eds., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,
Wiley, New York, 1987). pDC303/EBNA-1 was constructed from pDC302 (Mosley et
al., Cell 59:335, 1989) in two steps. First, the intron present in the adenovirus tripartite
leader sqquence was deleted by replacing a Pvull to Seal fragment spanning the intron with
the following synthetic oligonucleotide pair to create plasmid pDC303:
SEQ ID NO:5 5‘-CTGTTGGGCTCGCGGTTGAGGACAAACTCTTCGCGGTCTTTCCAGT-3'
SEQ ID N0:6 3'-GACAACCCGAGCGCCAACTCCTGTTTGAGAAGCGCCAGAAAGGTCA-5'
Second, a Hindlll-AhaII restriction fragment encoding Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen I
(EBNA-1), and consisting essentially of EBV coordinates 107,932 to 109,894 (Baer et al.,
Nature 310:207, 1984), was then inserted into the multiple cloning site of pDC303 to create
the plasmid pDC303/EBNA-1. The transfected cells were grown in the presence of
hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine, xanthine, and mycophenolic acid according to
standard methods (Ausubel et al., supra; Mulligan & Berg, supra) to select for the cells that
had stably incorporated the transfected plasmids. The resulting drug resistant colonies
were isolated and expanded individually into cell lines for analysis. The cell lines were
screened for the expression of functional EBNA-1. One cell line, clone 68, was found to
express EBNA-l using this assay, and was designated CV-1/EBNA-1.
In order to transfect the CV-1/EBNA-1 cells with the CDNA library, the cells were
maintained in complete medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media (DMEM) containing
% (v/V) fetal calf serum (FCS), 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 U/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-
glutamine) and were plated at a density of 2 x 105 cells/well in either 6 well dishes (Falcon)
or single well chambered slides (Lab-Tek). Both dishes and slides were pretreated with 1
ml human fibronectin (10 ug/ml in PBS) for 30 minutes followed by I wash with PBS.
Media was removed from the adherent cell layer and replaced with 1.5 ml complete medium
containing 66.6 M chloroquine sulfate. 0.2 rnls of DNA solution (2 ug DNA, 0.5 mg/ml
DEAE-dextran in complete medium containing chloroquine) was then added to the cells and
incubated for 5 hours. Following the incubation, the media was removed and the cells
shocked by addition of complete medium containing 10% DMSO for 2.5 to 20 minutes
followed by replacement of the solution with fresh complete medium. The cells were
grown in culture to permit transient expression of the inserted sequences. These conditions
led to an 80% transfection frequency in surviving CV-1/EBNA-1 cells.
After 48 to 72 hours, transfected monolayers of CV-1/EBNA cells were assayed for
expression of IL-1 binding proteins by binding radioiodinated IL-1B prepared as described
above by slide autoradiography. Transfected CV-1/EBNA-1 cells were washed once with
binding medium (RPMI medium 1640 containing 25 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA),
2 mg/ml sodium azide, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.2, and 50 mg/ml nonfat dry milk (NFDM))
and incubated for 2 hours at 4'C with 1 ml binding medium + NFDM containing 3 x 109
M 1251-IL-lfi. After incubation, cells in the chambered slides were washed three times with
binding buffer + NFDM, followed by 2 washes with PBS, pH 7.3, to remove unbound
-IL-1B. The cells were fixed by incubating for 30 minutes at room temperature in 10%
glutaraldehyde in PBS, pH 7.3, washed twice in PBS, and air dried. The slides were
dipped in Kodak GTNB-2 photographic emulsion (6x dilution in water) and exposed in the
dark for 48 hours to 7 days at 4'C in a light proof box. The slides were then developed for
approximately 5 minutes in Kodak D19 developer (40 g/500 ml water), rinsed in water and
fixed in Agfa G433C fixer. The slides were individually examined with a microscope at
-40x magnification and positive cells expressing type II IL-1R were identified by the
presence of autoradiogiaphic silver grains against a light background.
Cells in the 6 well plates were washed once with binding buffer + NFDM followed
by 3 washings with PBS, pH 7.3, to remove unbound ‘Z51-IL-1B. The bound cells were
then trypsinized to remove them from the plate and bound 1251-11..-15 were counted on a
beta counter.
Using the slide autoradiography approach, approximately 250,000 cDNAs were
screened in pools of approximately 3,000 cDNAs until assay of one transfectant pool
showed multiple cells clearly positive for IL-15 binding. This pool was then partitioned
into pools of 500 and again screened by slide autoradiography and a positive pool was
identified. This pool was further partitioned into pools of 75, plated in 6-well plates and
screenedlby plate binding assays analyzed by quantitation of bound 1251-IL-113. The cells
were scraped off the plates and counted to determine which pool of 75 was positive.
Individual colonies from this pool of 75 were screened until a single clone (clone 75) was
identified which directed synthesis of a surface protein with detectable IL-15 binding
activity. This clone was isolated, and its insert was sequenced to determine the sequence of
the human type II ll.-1R cDNA clone 75. The pDC406 cloning vector containing the
human type II IL-1R cDNA clone 75, designated pHuIL-IR-II 75, was deposited with the
American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA (ATCC) on June 5, 1990 under
accession number CRL 10478. The Sequence Listing setting forth the nucleotide (SEQ ID
Nozl) and predicted amino acid sequences of c1oneI75 (SEQ ID Nozl and SEQ ID NO:2)
and associated information appears at the end of the specification immediately prior to the
claims.
A cDNA encoding a soluble human type II IL-1R (having the sequence of amino
acids_ 333 of SEQ ID N021) was constructed by polymerasefchain reaction (PCR)
amplification using the full length type II IL-IR cDNA clone 75 (SEQ ID NO:1) in the
vector pDC406 as a template. The following 5' oligonucleotide primer (SEQ ID NO:7) and
3' oligonucleotide primer (SEQ ID NO:8) were first constructed:
SEQ ID NO: 7 5 ' -GCGTCGACCTAGTGACGCTCATACAAATC-3 '
SEQ ID NO: 8 5 ' -GCGCGGCCGCIQAGGAGGAGGCTTCCTTGACTG-3'
<-NotI->End\119l \1172
The 5' primer corresponds to nucleotides 31-51 from the untranslated region of human type
II I1.-1R clone 75 (SEQ ID NO:l) with a 5' add—on of a Sall restriction site; this nucleotide
sequence is capable of annealing to the (-) strand complementary to nucleotides 31-51 of
human clone 75. The 3' primer is complementary to nucleotides 1191-1172 (which
includes anti-sense nucleotides encoding 3 amino acids of human type II IL-1R clone 75
(SEQ ID NO:1) and has a 5‘ add—on of a Not] restriction site and a stop codon.
The following PCR reagents were added to a 1.5 ml Eppendorf micmfuge tube: 10
pl of 10X PCR buffer (500 mM KCl, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3 at 25°C, 15 mM MgCl2,
and 1 mg/ml gelatin) (Perkin-Elmer Cetus, Norwalk, CN), 10 pl of a 2mM solution
containing each dNTP (2 mM dATP, 2 mM dC'I'P, 2 mM dGTP and 2 mM d'l'I'P), 2.5
units (0.5 pl of standard 5000 units/ml solution) of Taq DNA polymerase (Perkin-Elmer
Cetus), 50 ng of template DNA and 5 pl of a 20 pM solution of each of the above
oligonucleotide primers and 74.5 pl water to a final volume of 100 pl. The final mixture
was then overlaid with 100 pl paraffin oil. PCR was carried out using a DNA thermal
cycler (Ericomp, San Diego, CA) by initially denaturing the template at 94° for 90 seconds,
reannealing at 55° for 75 seconds and extending the cDNA at 72° for 150 seconds. PCR
was carried out for an additional 20 cycles of amplification using a step program
(denaturation at 94°, 25 sec; annealing at 55°, 45 sec; extension at 72°, 150 sec.), followed »
by a 5 minute extension at 72°.
The sample was removed from the paraffin oil and DNA extracted by phenol-
chloroform extraction and spun column chromatography over G-50 (Boehringer
Mannheim). A 10 pl aliquot of the extracted DNA was separated by electrophoresis on 1%
SeaKem"‘ agarose (FMC Biol-’roducts, Rockland, ME) and stained with ethidium bromide
to confirm that the DNA fragment size was consistent with the predicted product
pl of the PCR-amplified CDNA products were then digested with Sall -and NotI
restriction enzymes using standard procedures. The Sall/Notl restriction fragment was
then separated on a 1.2% Seaplaquem low gelling temperature (LGT) agarose, and the
band representing the fragment was isolated. The fragment was ligated into the pDC406
vector by a standard "in gel" ligation method, and the vector was transfected into CV1-
EBNA cells and expressed as described above in Example 1.
Example 3
Isolation of cDNAs Encoding Murine Type ll IL-1R
Murine type II IL-IR cDNAs were isolated from a cDNA library made from the
murine pre-B cell line 7OZ/3 (ATCC 'I'IB 158), by cross species hybridization with a
human Type H IL-1R probe. A CDNA library was constructed in a 7. phage vector using
Xgt10 arms and packaged in vitro (Gigapaclt®, Stratagene, San Diego) according to the
manufacturer's instructions. A double-stranded human Type I] IL-lR probe was produced
by excising an approximately 1.35 kb Sall restriction fragment of the human type II IL-1R
clone 75 and 32?-labelling the cDNA using random primers (Boehringer-Mannheim). The
murine cDNA library was amplified once and a total of 5x105 plaques were screened with
the human probe in 35% formamide (5xSSC, 42°C). Several murine type II IL-1R CDNA
clones (including clone D) were isolated; however, none of the clones appeared to be full-
length. Nucleotide sequence infomration obtained from the partial clones was used to clone
a full-length murine type II IL-lR CDNA as follows.
A full-length CDNA clone encoding murine type II IL-1R was isolated by the
method of Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends (RACE) described by Frohman et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 :8998, 1988, using RNA from the murine pre-B cell line 702/3.
Briefly, the RACE method uses PCR to amplify copies of a region of cDNA between a
known point in the cDNA transcript (determined from nucleotide ‘sequence obtained as
described above) and the 3' end. An adaptor-primer having a sequence containing 17 dT
base pairs and an adaptor sequence containing three endonuclease recognition sites (to place
convenient restriction sites at the 3' end of the cDNA) is used to reverse transcribe a
population of mRNA and produce (-) strand cDNA. A primer complementary to a known
stretch of sequence in the 5‘ untranslated region of the murine type II IL— 1R clone 2 cDNA,
described above, and oriented in the 3' direction is annealed with the (-) strand cDNA and
extended to generate a complementary (+) strand cDNA. The resulting double-strand
cDNA is amplified by PCR using primers that anneal to the natural 5'-end and synthetic 3'-
end po1y(A) tail. Details of the RACE procedure are as follows.
_ The following PCR oligonucleotide primers (d(T)17 adaptor-primer, 5'
amplification primer and 3' amplification primer, respectively) were first constructed:
' -CTGCAGGCGGCCGCGGATCC (T) 17-3 ‘
<-NotI->
SEQ ID NO:9
'-GCGTCGACGGCAAGAAGCAGCAAGGTBC-3‘
\15 \34
SEQ ID NO:10
'-CTGCAGGCGGCCGCGGATCC-3'
<-NotI->
SEQ ID NO:l1
Briefly, the d(T)17 adapter-primer (SEQ ID N029) contains nucleotide sequence anneals to
the poly(A)+ region of a population mRNA transcripts and is used to generated (-) su'and
cDNA reverse transcripts from mRNA; it also contains endonuclease restriction sites for
Pstl, NotI and Baml-ll to be introduced into the DNA being amplified by PCR. The 5'
amplification primer (SEQ ID NO:10) corresponds to nucleotides 15-34 from the 5'
untranslated region of murine type II IL-1R clone 7&2 with a 5‘ add-on of a Sall restriction
site; this nucleotide sequence anneals to the (-) strand CDNA generated by reverse
transcription with the d(T)17 adaptor-primer and is extended to generate (+) strand cDNA.
The 3' primer (SEQ ID NO:1 1) anneals to the (+) strand DNA having the above
endonuclease restriction sites and is extended to generate a double-stranded full-length
cDNA encoding murine type II IL-IR, which can then be amplified by a standard PCR
reaction. Details of the PCR procedme are as follows.
Poly(A)+ mRNA was isolated by oligo dT cellulose chromatography from total
RNA extracted from 70Z/3 cells using standard methods described by Maniatis et al.,
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Lab., Cold Spring Harbor,
NY, 1982) and reverse transcribed as follows". Approximately 1 pg of poly(A)+ mRNA in
16.5 pl of water was heated at 68°C for 3 minutes and then quenched on ice, and added to 2
pl of 10X RTC buffer (500 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.7 at 22°C, 60 mM MgCl2, 400 mM KCl,
mM DTT, each dNTP at 10 mM), 10 units of RNasin (Promega Biotech), 0.5 pg of
d(T)17-adapter primer and 10 units of AMV reverse transcriptase (Life Sciences) in a total
volume of 20 pl, and incubated for a period of 2 hours at 42°C to reverse transcribe the
mRNA and synthesize a pool of CDNA. The reaction mixture was diluted to 1 ml with TE
buffer (10 mM 'l‘ris—HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA) and stored at 4°C overnight.
Approximately 1 or 5 pl of the CDNA pool was combined with 5 pl of a 20 pM
solution of the 5' amplification primer, containing sequence corresponding to the sequence
of nucleotides 15-34 of murine type II IL-1R" clone 12, 5 pl of a 20 pM solution of the 3'
amplification primer, 10 pl of 10X PCR buffer (500 mM KCl, 100 mM Tris—HCl (pH 8.4,
°C), 14 mM MgCl2, and 1 mg/ml gelatin), 4 pl of 5mM each dNTP (containing 5 mM
dATP, 5mM dCTP, 5mM dGT'P and 5mM d'I'I'P), 2.5 units (0.5 pl of standard 5000
units/ml solution) of Taq DNA polymerase (Perkin-Elmer Cetus Instruments), diluted to a
volume of 100 pl. The final mixture was then overlaid with 100 pl paraffin oil. PCR was
carried out using a DNA thermal cycler (Perkin-Elmer/Cetus) by initially denaturing the
template at 94° for 90 seconds, reannealing at 64° for 75 seconds and extending the cDNA
at 72° for 150 seconds. PCR was carried out for an additional 25 cycles of amplification
using the following step program (denaturation at 94° for 25 sec; annealing at 55° for 45
sec; extension at 72° for 150 sec.), followed by a 7 minute final extension at 72°.
The sample was removed from the paraffin oil and DNA extracted by phenol-
chloroform extraction and spun column chromatography over G-50 (Boehringer
Mannheim). A 10 pl aliquot of the extracted DNA was separated by electrophoresis on 1%
SeaKem"“ agarose (FMC BioProducts, Rockland, ME) and stained with ethidium bromide
to confirm that the DNA fragment size was consistent with the predicted product. The gel
was then blotted and probed with a 5' 6l0bp EcoRI fragment of murine type H H.-1R clone
12 from above to confirm that the band contained DNA encoding murine type II IL-1R.
The PCR-amplified cDNA products were then concentrated by centrifugation in an
Eppendorf microfuge at full speed for 20 min., followed by ethanol precipitation in 1/10
volume sodium acetate (3 M) and 2.5 volume ethanol. 30 pl of the concentrate was
digested with Sall and NotI restriction enzymes using standard procedures. The Sall/Not]
restriction fragment was then separated on a 1.2% LGT agarose gel, and the band
representing the fragment was isolated. The restriction fragments were then purified from
the agarose using GeneClean"“ (Bio-101, La Jolla, CA).
The resulting purified restriction fragment was ligated into the pDC406 vector,
which was then transfected into CV1-EBNA cells and expressed as described above in
Example 1.
The Sequence Listing setting forth the nucleotide (SEQ ID No:12) and predicted
amino acid sequences (SEQ ID No:12 and SEQ ID NO:13) and associated information
appears at the end of the specification immediately prior to the claims.
Example 4
Qonstruction and Expression of cDNAs Encoding Murine Soluble Typ_e II IL-1R
A cDNA encoding soluble murine type II IL-1R (having the sequence of amino
acids 345 of SEQ ID NO:l2) was constructed by PCR amplification 702./3 poly(A)+
mRNA as a template and the following procedure as described for the full length clone
encoding murine type II IL-lR. The following PCR oligonucleotide primers (d(T)17
adaptor-primer, 5‘ amplification primer and 3' amplification primer, respectively) were
constructed:
< -NOtI ->
'-GCGTCGACGGCAAGAAGCAGCAAGGTAC-3‘
\15 \34
SEQ ID NO:10
SEQ ID NO:14 5'-GCGCGGCCGCCTAGGAAGAGACTTCTTTGACTGTGG-3'
<--Notl-—>EndSerSerValGluLysVal'I‘hrThr
The d('I')17 adaptor-primer and 5‘ amplification primer are identical with SEQ ID NO:9 and
SEQ ID NO:10, described in Example 5. The 3' end of SEQ ID NO:l2 is complementary
to nucleotides 1145-1166 of SEQ ID NO:12 and has a 5' add-on of a Notl restriction site
and a stop codon.
A pool of cDNA was synthesized from poly(A)+ mRNA using the d(T)17 adaptor-
primer as described in Example 3. To a 1.5 ml Eppendorf microfuge tube was added
approximately 1 pl of the cDNA pool, 5 |.lI of a 20 ttM solution of the 5' amplification
primer, 5 pl of a 20 |.tM solution of the 3' amplification primer, 10 IJL of 10X PCR buffer
(500 mM KC1, 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.4 at 20°C), 14 mM MgCl2, and 1 mg/ml gelatin),
4 [.11 of 5mM each of dNTP (containing 5 mM dATP, 5mM dCl'P, 5mM dGTP and 5mM
dTI'P), 2.5 units (0.5 tr] of standard 5000 units/tnl solution) of Taq DNA polymerase
(Perkin-Elmer Cetus Instruments), diluted with 75.4 pl water to a volume of 100 pl. The
final mixture was then overlaid with 100 pl paraffin oil. PCR was carried out using a DNA
thermal cycler (Ericomp) by initially denaturing the template at 94° for 90 seconds,
reannealing at 55° for 75 seconds and extending the cDNA at 72° for 150 seconds. PCR
was carried out for an additional 20 cycles of amplification using the following step
program (denaturation at 94° for 25 sec; annealing at 55° for 45 sec; extension at 72° for 150
sec.), followed by a 7 minute final extension at 72°.
The sample was removed from the paraffin oil and DNA extracted by phenol-
chloroform extraction and spun column chromatography over G-50 (Boehringer
Mannheim). A 10 pl aliquot of the extracted DNA was separated by electrophoresis on 1%
SeaKem“" agarose (FMC BioProducts, Rockland, ME) and stained with ethidium bromide
to confirm that the DNA fragment size was consistent with the predicted product.
The PCR—amplified cDNA products were then concentrated by centrifugation in an
Eppendorf microfuge at full speed for 20 min., followed by ethanol precipitation in 1/10
volume sodium acetate (3 M) and 2.5 volume ethanol. 50 pl was digested with SalI and
NotI restriction enzymes using standard procedures. The Sall/Notl restriction fragment
was then separated on a 1.2% Seaplaque LGT agarose gel, and the band representing the
fragment was isolated. The restriction fragment was then purified from the isolated band
using the following freeze/thaw method. The band from the gel was split into two 175 pl
fragments and placed into two 1.5 ml Eppendorf microfuge tubes. 500 pl of isolation
buffer (0.15 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 1rnM EDTA) was added to each tube and the
tubes heated to 68°C to melt the'ge1. The gels were then frozen on dry ice for 10 minutes,
thawed at room temperature and centrifuged at 4°C for 30 minutes. Supernatants were then
removed and placed in a new tube, suspended in 2 mL ethanol, and centrifuged at 4°C for
an additional 30 minutes to form a DNA pellet The DNA pellet was washed with 70%
ethanol, centrifuged for 5 minutes, removed from the tube and resuspended in 20 pl TE
buffer.
The resulting purified restriction fragments were then ligated into the pDC406
vector. A sample of the ligation was transformed into DH5a and colonies were analyzed to
check for correct plasmids. The vector was then transfected into COS—7 cells and
expressed as described above in Example 1.
Example 5
Tym [I IL-IR Binding Stugfigs
The binding inhibition constant of recombinant human type H IL—lR, expressed and
purified as described in Example 1 above, was determined by inhibition binding assays in
which varying concentrations of a competitor (IL-18 or IL-la) was incubated with a
constant amount of radiolabeled IL-18 or IL-la and cells expressing the type II 1L-IR. The
competitor binds to the receptor and prevents the radiolabeled ligand from binding to the
receptor. Binding assays were performed by a phthalate oil separation method essentially
as describe by Dower et al., J. Immunol. I32:751, 1984 and Park et al., J. Biol. Chem.
26l:4l77, 1986. Briefly, CV1/EBNA cells were incubated in six-well plates (Costar,
Cambridge, MA) at 4°C for 2 hours with 1251-11.-1B in 1 ml binding medium (Roswell Park
Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium containing 2% BSA, 20 mM Hepes buffer, and
0.2% sodium azide, pH 7.2). Sodium azide was included to inhibit internalization and
degradation of 1251-ll.-1 by cells at 37°C. The plates were incubated on a gyratory shaker
for 1 hour at 37°C. Replicate aliquots of the incubation mixture were then transferred to
polyethylene centrifuge tubes containing a phthalate oil mixture comprising 1.5 parts
dibutylphthalate, to 1 part bis(s-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Control tubes containing a 100X
molar excess of unlabeled IL-13 were also included to determine non-specific binding. The
cells with bound 1251-IL-1 were separated from unbound 1251-IL-1 by centrifugation for 5
minutes at l5,000X g in an Eppendorf Microfuge. The radioactivity associated with the
cells was then determined on a gamma counter. This assay (using unlabeled human IL-1B
as a competitor to inhibit binding of 1251-IL-15 to type II IL-1R) indicated that the full
length human type II IL-1R exhibits biphasic binding to IL-18 with a K11 of approximately
19:8 x 109 and K12 of approximately O.2i0.002 x 109. Using unlabeled human IL-lb to
inhibit binding of 1251-IL-la to type II IL-IR, the full length human type II IL-1R
exhibited biphasic binding to IL-18 with a K11 of approximately 2.0il x 109 and K12 of
approximately 0.0l3:t0.003 x 109.
The binding inhibition constant of the soluble human type II 11,- IR, expressed and
purified as described in Example 2 above, is determined by a inhibition binding assay in
which varying concentrations of an IL-113 competitor is incubated with a constant amount of
radiolabeled I-IL-18 and CB23 cells (an Epstein Barr virus transformed cord blood B
lymphocyte cell line) expressing the type H IL-IR. Binding assays were also performed by
a phthalate oil separation method essentially as describe by Dower et al., J. Immunol.
I32:751, 1984 and Park et al., J. Biol. Chem. 26l:4l77, 1986. Briefly, COS-7 cells were
transfected with the expression vector pDC406 containing a cDNA encoding the soluble
human type II H.-1R described above. Supematants from the COS cells were harvested 3
days after transfection and serially diluted in binding medium (Roswell Park Memorial
Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium containing 2% BSA, 20 mM Hepes buffer, and 0.2%
sodium azide, pH 7.2) in 6 well plates to a volume of 50 pl/well. The supernatants were
incubated with 50 ul of 9x1o10 M 1251-11.-15 plus 2.5x1o6 CB23 cells at 8°C for 2 hours
with agitation. Duplicate 60 pl aliquots of the incubation mixture were then transferred to
polyethylene centrifuge tubes containing a phthalate oil mixture comprising 1.5 parts
dibutylphthalate, to 1 part bis(s-ethylhexyl)phthalate. A negative control tube containing
3x10‘5 M unlabeled IL-15 was also included to determine non-specific binding ( 100%
inhibition) and a positive control tube containing 50 ml binding medium with only
radiolabeled IL-15 was included to determine maximum binding. The cells with bound
1251-IL-1B were separated from unbound 1251-IL-15 by cenuifugation for 5 minutes at
,000 X g in an Eppendorf Microfuge. Supematants containing unbound 1251-IL-1B
were discarded and the cells were carefully rinsed with ice-cold binding medium The cells
were then incubated in 1 ml of trypsin—EDTAat 37°C for 15 minutes and cells were
harvested. The radioactivity of the cells was then determined on a gamma counter. This
inhibition binding assay (using soluble human type II IL-1R to inhibit binding of IL-15)
indicated that the soluble human typeéll IL-1R has a K101" approximately 3.5 x 109 M'1.
Inhibition of IL-la binding by soluble human type II IL-IR using the same procedure
indicated that soluble human type H IL-IR has a K1 of 1.4 x 103 M4.
Murine type II IL-1R exhibits biphasic binding to IL-1 5 with a K11 of 0.8 x 109 and
a K12 of less then 0.01 x 109.
— Example 6
rm; 11 IL-IR Affinig; Qrgsslinking Studies ’
Affinity crosslinking studies were performed essentially as described by Park et al.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:l669, 1987. Recombinant human IL-10: and IL-13 used in
the assays were expressed, purified and labeled as described previously (Dower et al., J.
Exp. Med. 162:501, 1985; Dower et al., Nature 3242266, 1986). Recombinant human IL-
I receptor antagonist (IL-lra) was cloned using the cDNA sequence published by
Eisenberg et al., Nature 3432341, 1990, expressed by transient transfection in COS cells,
and purified by affinity chromatography on a column of soluble human type I 11.-IR
coupled to affigel, as described by Dower et al., J. Immunol. I43:43l4, 1989, and eluted
at low pH.
Briefly, CV1/EBNA cells (4 x 107/ml) expressing recombinant type H IL-IR were
incubated with 1251-IL-la or 1251-IL-lfi (1 nM) at 4°C in the presence and absence of 1 uM
excess of unlabeled IL-1 as a specificity control for 2 hours. The cells were then washed
and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate was added to a final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. After
min. at 25°C, the cells were washed and resuspended in 100 til of phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS)/1% Triton containing 2 mM leupeptin, 2 mM o-phenanthroline, and 2 mM
EGTA to prevent proteolysis. Aliquots of the extract supematants containing equal
amounts (CPM) of 1251-IL-1 and equal volumes of the specificity controls, were analyzed
by SDS/PAGE on a 10% gel using standard techniques. .
Figure 4 shows the results of affinity crosslinking studicsconducted as described
above, using radiolabeled IL-la and IL-13, to compare the sizes of the recombinant murine
and human type II IL-1 receptor pnpteins to their natural counterparts, and to natural and
recombinant murine and human type I IL-1 receptors. In general, the sizes of the
transiently-expressed recombinant receptors are similar to the natural receptors, although
the recombinant proteins migrate slightly faster and as slightly broader bands, possibly as a
result of differences in glycosylation patter when over-expressed in CV_l/EBNA cells. The
results also indicate that the type II ll.-1 receptors are smaller than the type I IL-1 receptors.
One particular combination (natural human type I receptor with IL-1 13) failed to yield
specific crosslinl-ting products. Since approximately equal amounts of label were loaded
into each experimental lane, as indicated by the intensity of the freeligand bands at the
‘ bottom of the gels, this combination must cnosslink relatively poorly.
The lane showing natural human type II IL-1 receptor-bearing cells cross-linked
with 1251-IL-la reveals a component in the size range (M,=lO0,000) of complexes with
natural and recombinant type I receptors. No such complex can be detected in the lane
containing recombinant type II IL-1 receptor, possibly as a result of low level expression of
type I IL-1 receptors on the CB23 cells, since these cells contain trace amounts of type I IL-
1 receptor mRNA.
Example 7 .
Preparation gf Monglgnal Antimgies t_Q mg; IIILA-1R
Preparations of purified recombinant type II IL-IR, for example, human type 11 ll..-
lR, or transfected COS cells expressing high levels of type II IL-1R are employed to
generate monoclonal antibodies against type II IL-lR using conventional techniques, for
example, those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,411,993. Such antibodies are likely to be useful
in interfering with IL-1 binding to type II IL—lR, for example, in ameliorating toxic or other
undesired effects of IL-1, or as components of diagnostic or research assays for IL-1 or
soluble type II IL-IR.
To immunize mice, type II IL-IR immunogen is emulsified in complete Freund's
adjuvant and injected in amounts ranging from 10-100 ug subcutaneously and
interaperitoneally into Balb/c mice. Ten to twelve days later, theimmunized animals are
boosted with additional immunogen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant and
periodically boosted thereafter on a weekly to biweekly immunization schedule. Serum
samples are periodically taken by retro-orbital bleeding or tail-up excision for testing by
dot-blot assay (antibody sandwich) or ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), or
receptor binding inhibition. Other assay procedures are also suitable. Following detection
of an appropriate antibody titer, positive animals are given an intravenous injection of
antigen in saline. Three to four days later, the animals are sacrificed, splenocytes
harvested, and fused to the murine myeloma cell line N81 or Ag8.653. I-lybridoma cell
lines generated by this procedure are plated in multiple microtiter plates in a HAT selective
medium (hypoxanthine, arninopterin, and thymidine) to inhibit proliferation of non-fused
cells, myeloma hybrids, and spleen cell hybrids.
Hybridoma clones thus generated can be screened by ELISA for reactivity with type
II ll.-IR, for example, by adaptations of the techniques disclosed by Engvall et al.,
Immunochem. 8:871 (1971) and in U.S. Patent 4,703,004. Positive clones are then
injected into the peritoneal cavities of syn geneic Balb/c mice to produce ascites containing
high concentrations (>1 mg/ml) of anti-type II IL-IR monoclonal antibody, or grown in
flasks or roller bottles. The resulting monoclonal antibody can be purified by ammonium
sulfate precipitation followed by gel exclusion chromatography, and/or affinity
chromatography based on binding of antibody to Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus or
protein G from Streptococci.
EELM
SEQ ID NO:l and SEQ H) NO:2 show the nucleotide sequence and predicted amino
acid sequence of human type II IL-lR. The mature peptide encoded by this sequence is
defined by amino acids 1-385. The predicted signal peptide is defined by amino acids -13
through -1. The predicted transrnernbrane region is defined by amino acids 331-356.
SEQ ID N023 - SEQ ID NO:6 are various oligonucleotides used to clone the full-
length human type H IL-IR.
SEQ ID NO:7 and SEQ ID N028 are oligonucleotide primers used to construct a
soluble human type II IL-IR by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
SEQ ID N029 - SEQ ID NO:11 are oligonucleotide primers used to clone a full-
length and soluble murine type II IL-1Rs.
SEQ ID NO:l2 and SEQ ID NO:l3 show the nucleotide sequence and predicted
amino acid sequence of the full-length murine type II IL-1R. The mature peptide encoded
by this sequence is defined by amino acids 1-397. The predicted signal peptide is defined
by amino acids -13 through -1. The predicted transmembrane region is defined by amino
acids 343-368.
SEQ ID NO: 14 is an oligonucleotidc primer used to construct a soluble murine type
II IL-1R.
TABLE 1 — SEQUENCE LISTINGS
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) APPLICANT: Sims, John E.
Cosman, David J.
Lupton, Stephen D.
Mosley, Bruce A.
Dower, Steven K.
(ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: Type II Interleukin-1 Receptors
(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 14
(iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) ADDRESSES: Imunex Corporation
1(8) STREET: 51 University Street
(C) CITY: Seattle
(D) STATE: WA
(E) COUNTRY: USA
(F) ZIP: 98101
(V) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk
(D) COMPUTER: IBM PC Compatible
(C) OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D) SOFTWARE: Patentin Release #1.24
(vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER:
(B) FILING DATE: 16-MAY-1991
(C)'CLASSIFICATION:
(vii) paxoa APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMDBR: us 07/334,193
(B) FILING DATE: 05-JUN-1990
(viii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: US 07/573,576
(B) FILING DATE: 24-AUG-1990
(ix) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: O7/627,071
(B) FILING DATE: 13-DEC-1990
(x) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: Wight, Christopher L.
(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 31680
(C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: 2003-C
(xi) TELECOMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 2065570
(B) TELEFAX: 2060644
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1357 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: CDNA to mRNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:
(A) ORGANISM: Homo sapiens
(G) CELL TYPE: Human B cell lymphoblastoid
(H) CELL LINE: CB23
(vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE:
(A) LIBRARY: CB23 CDNA
(B) CLONE: pHuIL~1RII75
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: cos
(B) LOCATION: 154..1350
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: mat_peptide
(B) LOCATION: 193..l347
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
(ix) FEATURE:
‘ (A) NAME/KEY: sig_peptide
(B) LOCATION: l54..192
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:
CTGGAAAATA CATTCTGCTA CTCTTAAAAA CTAGTGACGC TCATACAAAT CAACAGAAAG
AGCTTCTGAA GGAAGACTTT AAAGCTGCTT CTGCCACGTG CTGCTGGGTC TCAGTCCTCC
ACTTCCCGTG TCCTCTGGAA GTTGTCAGGA GCA ATG TTG CGC TTG TAC GTG TTG
' Met Leu Arg Leu Tyr Val Leu
-13 -10
GTA ATG GGA GTT TCT GCC TTC ACC CTT CAG CCT GCG GCA CAC ACA GGG
Val Met Gly Val Ser Ala Phe Thr Leu Gln Pro Ala Ala His Thr Gly
-S 1 5 10
GCT GCC AGA AGC TGC CGG TTT CGT GGG AGG CAT TAC AAG CGG GAG TTC
Ala Ala Arg Ser Cys Arg Phe Arg Gly Arg His Tyr Lys Arg Glu Phe
20 25
AGG CTG GAA GGG GAG CCT GTA GCC CTG AGG TGC CCC CAG GTG CCC TAC
Arg Leu Glu Gly Glu Pro Val Ala Leu Arg Cys Pro Gln Val Pro Tyr
35 . 40
TGG TTG TGG GCC TCT GTC AGC CCC CGC ATC AAC CTG ACA TGG CAT AAA
Trp Leu Trp Ala Se: val Se: Pro Arg Ile Asn Leu Thr Trp His Lys
45 50
120
GCC
Ala
75
GGC
Gly
TCC
Ser
ATC
Ile
TGC
Cys
CAA
Gln
155
GAA
Glu
CAG
Gln
GCT
Ala
235
ACC
Thr
CAC
His
CAG
Gln
GAC
Asp
60
CAG
Gln
ACC
Thr
ATT
Ile
TCA
Ser
CCT
Pro
140
AGT
Ser
GAT
Asp
CAA
Gln
GAA
Glu
220
GGC
Gly
ATA
Ile
GAA
Glu
TCT
Ser
GAC
Asp
TAC
Tyr
GAG
Glu
TAC
Tyr
125
GAC
Asp
TAC
Tyr
GTG
Val
GCT
Ala
TAC
Tyr
205
GAG
Glu
CTG
Leu
ACA
Thr
GAG
Glu
TAT
Tyr
285
GCT
Ala
GGT
Gly
GTC
Val
CTC
Leu
110
CCG
Pro
CTG
Leu
AAG
Lys
AGG
Arg
GGC
Gly
190
AAC
Asn
ACC
Thr
GGG
Gly
CCC
Pro
AGC
Ser
270
TCA
Ser
AGG
Arg
GCT
Ala
TGC
Cys
95
AGA
Arg
CAA
Gln
AGT
Ser
GAT
Asp
GGG
Gly
175
TAT
Tyr
ATC
Ile
ATT
Ile
TCA
Ser
TTA
Leu
255
GCC
Ala
GAA
Glu
ACG
Thr
CTG
Leu
ACT
Thr
GTT
Val
ATT
Ile
GAA
Glu
TCT
Ser
160
ACC
Thr
TAC
Tyr
ACT~
CCT
Pro
AGA
Arg
240
ACC
Thr
Tyr'
AAT
Asn
GTC
Val
65
TGG
Trp
ACT
Thr
TTT
Phe
TTA
Leu
TTC
Phe
145
CTT
Leu
ACT
Thr
CGC
Arg
.Arg
GTG
Val
225
ACC
Thr
CCG
Pro
AAT
ASH
CCA
Pro
CTT
Leu
AGA
Arg
GAG
Glu
ACC
Thr
130
ACC
Thr
CTT
Leu
CAC
His
TGT
Cys
AGT
Ser
210
ATC
Ile
ACA
Thr
ATG
Met
GGA
Gly
GAG
Glu
2
GGA GAA GAA GAG
CTG
Leu
AAT
Asn
AAT
Asn
115
TTG
Leu
CGT
Arg
TTG
Leu
TTA
Leu
GTC
Val
195
ATT
Ile
ATT
Ile
ATC
Ile
CTG
Leu
GGC
Gly
275
AAC
Asn
CCA
Pro
GCT
Ala
100
ACA
Thr
TCA
Ser
GAC
Asp
GAT
Asp
CTC
Leu
180
CTG
Leu
GAG
Glu
TCC
Ser
CCG
Pro
TGG
Trp
260
CGC
Arg
TAC
Tyr
GCC
Ala
85
GAT
Asp
ACC
Thr
Lys
165
GTA
Val
ACA
Thr
CTA
Leu
CCC
Pro
TGT
Cys
245
TGG
Trp
GTG
Val
ATT
Ile
Glu
70
TTG
Leu
TAC
Tyr
GCT
Ala
TCT
Ser
ACT
Thr
150
GAC
Asp
CAC
His
TTT
Phe
CGC
Arg
CTC
Leu
230
AAG
Lys
ACG
Thr
ACC
Thr
GAA
Glu
ACA
Thr
CAG
Gln
TGT
Cys
TTC
Phe
GGG
Gly
135
GAC
Asp
AAT
ASH
GAT
Asp
GCC
Ala
ATC
Ile
215
AAG
Lys
GTG
Val
GCC
Ala
GAG
Glu
GTG
Val
295
CGG
Arg
GAG
Glu
GAC
Asp
CTG
Leu
120
GTA
Val
GTG
Val
GAG
Glu
GTG
Val
CAT
His
200
AAG
Lys
ACC
Thr
TTT
Phe
AAT
Asn
GGG
Gly
280
CCA
Pro
ATG
Met
GAC
Asp
Lys
105
TTA
Leu
AAG
Lys
GCC
Ala
185
GAA
Glu
ATA
Ile
CTG
Leu
GAC
Asp
265
TTG
Leu
TGG
Trp
TCT
Ser
90
ATG
Met
TTC
Phe
GTA
Val
ATT
Ile
TTT
Phe
170
GGC
Gly
TCA
Ser
GGA
Gly
250
ACC
Thr
CGC
Arg
ATT
Ile
TTT
Phe
GTC
Val
315
GCC
Ala
GCC
Ala
AGA
Arg
GAC
Asp
Met-
-13.
Ala
100
GAT
Asp
300
CAT
His
TCC
Ser
TTC
Phe
ACT
Thr
TTT
Phe
380
INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:
CCT
Pro
TCC
Ser
TTG
Leu
GGA
Gly
365
CAA
Gln
GTC
Val
ACC
Thr
ACG
Thr
GTT
Val
350
TCC
Ser
ACA
Thr
CTG
Leu
TTC
Phe
335
GCA
Ala
TAT
Tyr
AGA
Arg
AGT
Ser
320
GGG
Gly
GAT
Asp
CCC
Pro
TYPE:
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
GAG
Glu
305
TTT
Phe
TGG
Trp
GGA
Gly
GGT
Gly
AAG
Lys
385
GAT
Asp
CAG
Gln
ATA
Ile
CTG
Leu
370
TTG
Leu
ACA
Thr
ATT
Ile
TGG
Trp
355
ACT
Thr
CAC
His
CTA
Leu
GTG
Val
340
ATG
Met
GTG
Val
AATAAAT
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein
(xi) SEQUENCE
Leu Arg Leu Tyr
Lys Arg
Gln Val
Thr Trp
Thr Arg
Gln Glu
Cys Asp
DESCRIPTION:
Lys
105
(1) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 398 amino acids
amino acid
SEQ ID
ATG
Met
CGC
Arg
325
CAC
His
CTA
Leu
GAT
Asp
310
ACC
Thr
GCC
Ala
AGA
Arg
TGG
Trp
N0:2:
Leu
110
TTT
Phe
ACA
Thr
CCA
Pro
CGG
Arg
CCT
Pro
375
AAA
Lys
GTC
Val
CTT
Leu
TGC
Cys
360
CAT
His
TGT GTT
AAG
Lys
TCA
Ser
345
AAA
Lys
CAT
His
GAA
Glu
330
CTG
Leu
CAC
His
CAA
Gln
Asn
115
Pro
375
INFORMATION FOR SEQ
ID NO:3:
Ser Tyr Pro Gln
Phe
380
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
TYPE:
STRANDEDNESS: single
TOPOLOGY: linear
LENGTH: 24 base pairs
nucleic acid
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
A811
Ile
Glu
Ser
Lys
385
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:
TCGACTGGAA CGAGACGACC TGCT 24
2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID N034:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(8) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: Y
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID No:4:
GACCTTGCTC TGCTGGACGA ‘ 2o
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 46 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:
CTGTTGGGCT CGCGGTTGAG GACAAACTCT TCGCGGTCTT TCCAGT 46
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 46 base pairs
(8) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: Y
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:
GACAACCCGA GCGCCAACTC CTGTTTGAGA AGCGCCAGAA AGGTCA
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 29 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:
GCGTCGACCT AGTGACGCTC ATACAAATC
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:_
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 33 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:
GCGCGGCCGC TCAGGAGGAG GCTTCCTTGA CTG
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID N019:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 37 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:
CTGCAGGCGG CCGCGGATCC TTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTT 37
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 28 base pairs
(8) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:
GCGTCGACGG CAAGAAGCAG CAAGGTAC 28
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:
CTGCAGGCGG CCGCGGATCC 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1366 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: double
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: CDNA to mRNA
(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: N
(iv) ANTI-SENSE: N
(vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:
(A) ORGANISM: Mouse
(vii)
GTCGACGGCA AGAAGCAGCA AGGTACAAGA ATACACAGCT CCAGGCTCCA AGGGTCCTGT
(ix)
(ix)
(ix)
(x1)
(H) CELL LINE: 7oz/3
IMMEDIATE SOURCE:
(A) LIBRARY: 7oz/3
(B) CLONE: 12
FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 85..13l7
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: mat_peptide
(B) LOCATION: lZ4..13l4
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: sig_peptide
(B) LOCATION: B5..123
(D) OTHER INFORMATION:
SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:
GCGCTCAGGA AGTTGGTGCG GACA ATG TTC ATC TTG CTT GTG TTA GTA ACT
Met Phe Ile Leu Leu Val Leu Val Th:
TCT
Ser
TGT
Cys
GAA
Glu
45
CTG
Leu
TGG
Trp
TTC
Phe
GTT
Val
GAA
Glu
CAG
Gln
CCT
Pro
AGT
Ser
ATC
Ile
ATT
Ile
AGA
Arg
110
-13 -10
TTC ACC ACT CCA ACA
Phe Thr Thr Pro Thr
TCT
Ser
Ala Val
Val His
AAG
Lys
CCC
Pro
ACA
Thr
GTC
Val
TCG
Ser
GAG
Glu
ACA
Thr
CCC
Pro
ATT
Ile
TCC
Ser
TTG
Leu
40
TCT
Ser
GAA
Glu
TTC
Phe
GAG
Glu
GGC
Gly
AGA
Arg
CGT
Arg
Phe Lys
CCT
Pro
55
CAC
His
TTG
Leu
GCA
Ala
TGC
Cys
CCC
Pro
AGG
Arg
50
CTG
Leu
GTG
Val
GTT
Val
TTG
Leu
AGT
Ser
70
ACC
Thr
TGG
Trp
TTT
Phe
CTG
Leu
TCC
Ser
CAT
His
AGT
Ser
65
AAG
Lys
TGG
Trp
GTG
Val
AGG
Arg
ATG
Met
85
GAG
Glu
CCA
Pro
AGA
Arg
80
GAT
Asp
CCA
Pro
GGT
Gly
TCT
Ser
ACC
Thr
CAA
Gln
100
GAC
Asp
GTG
val
CAG
Gln
GCA
Ala
CTG
Leu
95
CCA
Pro
TCT
Ser
ATG
Met
GTG
Val
120
GAG
Glu
CAA
Gln
CAC
His
TGT
Cys
115
AAC
ASH
GCA
Ala
TCC
Ser
CAT
His
AGG
Arg
TCC
Ser
GAC
Asp
GGT
Gly
TAC
Tyr
105
GAA
Glu
Gly
GGA
Gly
CTG
Leu
GAC
Asp
TCT
Ser
AAC
Asn
90
ATT
Ile
CTC
Len
GAC
Asp
GAA
Glu
ATC
Ile
TCT
Ser
75
ATA
Ile
TGC
Cys
AAG
Lys
GTG GTG CAC ACA GGA AAG GTT
AAC
Asn
GGT
Gly
TCC
Ser
60
CAG
Gln
CTC
Leu
ACA
Thr
GTC
Val
TTT
Phe
125
TCA
Ser
TTC
Phe
ATA
Ile
ACA
Thr
AGA
Arg
205
AGG
Arg
GTG
Val
CTG
Leu
ACC
Thr
CCA
Pro
285
GAT
Asp
GAG
Glu
TCT
Ser
TGG
Trp
AAG
Lys
GCT
Ala
ATC
Ile
CTC
Leu
CGC
Arg
190
TGT
Cys
AAT
ASH
ATC
Ile
ATA
Ile
ATT
Ile
270
AGA
Arg
GAA
Glu
GAT
Asp
CAG
Gln
AGC
Ser
350
AAT
Asn
CTC
Leu
TCC
Ser
TTG
Leu
175
CTA
Leu
GTT
Val
ATT
Ile
ATT
Ile
GTC
Val
255
GTG
Val
GGC
Gly
AAC
Asn
CTG
Leu
TCA
Ser
335
ATT
Ile
ACT
Thr
TCC
Ser
AGC
Ser
160
GAT
Asp
TTG
Leu
ATG
Met
GAA
Glu
TCT
Ser
240
CCG
Pro
TGG
Trp
CGT
Arg
TAT
Tyr
CAT
His
320
CTC
GCG
Ala
GAA
Glu
ACC
Thr
145
AAC
Asn
ATA
Ile
ACA
Thr
CTC
Leu
225
CCC
Pro
TGC
Cys
TGG
Trp
GTG
Val
GTG
Val
305
ACA
Thr
CAT
His
CTG
Leu
GCA
Ala
130
ACC
Thr
GCT
Ala
GGC
Gly
TCC
Ser
TTT
Phe
210
CGG
Arg
CTG
Leu
TTG
Leu
ACC
Thr
290
GAA
Glu
GAT
Asp
ACC
Thr
GCA
Ala
TCT
Ser
GGG
Gly
GAT
Asp
AAT
Asn
AAC
Asn
195
ACC
Thr
GTC
Val
GAG
Glu
GTG
Val
GCT
Ala
275
GAG
Glu
GTG
Val
TTT
Phe
ACA
Thr
CCT
Pro
355
CTG
Leu
TTA
Leu
GGA
Gly
AAG
Lys
180
ACG
Thr
TAC
Tyr
ACA
Thr
TTT
Phe
260
GGG
Gly
TCG
Ser
GTC
Val
340
CTG
Leu
CCT
Pro
CTA
Leu
AAG
Lys
165
GAA
Glu
TCC
Ser
AAT
Asn
GGA
Gly
ATA
Ile
245
CTG
Leu
AGC
Ser
CTA
Leu
CTG
Leu
TGT
Cys
325
AAA
Lys
TCT
Ser
CAT
His
GTG
Val
150
ATA
Ile
TTT
Phe
ATG
Met
GGC
Gly
GCA
Ala
230
CCA
Pro
GGA
Gly
ACG
Thr
CAC
His
ATT
Ile
310
GTT
Val
GAA
Glu
CTG
Leu
GTC
Val
135
TGC
Cys
CAG
Gln
CTG
Leu
GAC
Asp
CAG
Gln
215
ACC
Thr
GCA
Ala
ACT
Thr
TTT
Phe
CAC
His
295
TTT
Phe
GCC
Ala
GTC
Val
ATC
Ile
TCC
Ser
CCT
Pro
TGG
Trp
AGT
Ser
GAT
Asp
200
GAA
Glu
ACG
Thr
TCA
Ser
GGT
Gly
ATC
Ile
280
CAG
Gln
GAT
Asp
TCG
Ser
‘Ser
ATC
Ile
360
TAC
Tyr
GAC
Asp
TAT
Tyr
GCA
Ala
185
GCA
Ala
TAC
Tyr
GAA
Glu
TTG
Leu
ACA
Thr
265
TCG
Ser
TAC
Tyr
CCA
Pro
AAT
ASH
TCC
Ser
345
TTG
Leu
TTG
Leu
CTG
Leu
AAG
Lys
170
GGA
Gly
GGC
Gly
AAC
Asn
CCC
Pro
GGG
Gly
250
TCT
Ser
GCT
Ala
TCA
Ser
GTC
Val
CCA
Pro
330
ACG
Thr
GTT
Val
CAA
Gln
Lys
155
GGC
Gly
GAC
Asp
TAT
Tyr
ATC
Ile
ATC
Ile
235
TCA
Ser
TCC
Ser
GCT
Ala
GAG
Glu
ACA
Thr
315
CGG
Arg
TTC
Phe
GTG
Val
ATC
Ile
140
GAA
Glu
GCC
Ala
CCC
Pro
TAC
Tyr
ACT
Thr
220
CCT
Pro
AGA
Arg
AAC
Asn
TAC
Tyr
AAT
Asn
300
AGG
Arg
AGT
Ser
TCC
Ser
GGG
Gly
GCA
Ala
365
GGA
Gly
ATA
Ile
CTG
Leu
TGG ATG CGC AGA CGG TGT AAA CGC AGG GCT GGA AAG ACA TAT
Trp Met Arg Arg Arg Cys Lys Arg Arg Ala Gly Lys Thr Tyr
370 375 380
ACC AAG CTA CGG ACT GAC AAC CAG GAC TTC CCT TCC AGC CCA
Thr Lys Leu Arg Thr Asp Asn Gln Asp Phe Pro Ser Ser Pro
385 390 395
ATAAAGGAAA TGAAATAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAGGATC CGCGGCCGC
INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 410 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION:
Lys
165
SEQ ID NO:l3:
Ile Leu Leu Val Leu Val Thr Gly Val Ser Ala Phe Thr Thr
-10 -5 1
Val Val His Thr Gly Lys Val Ser Glu Ser Pro Ile Thr Ser
‘ 10 15
Pro Thr Val His Gly Asp Asn Cys Gln Phe Arg Gly Arg Glu
30 35
Ser Glu Leu Arg Leu Glu Gly Glu Pro Val Val Leu Arg Cys
40 45 50
Ala Pro His Ser Asp Ile Ser Ser Ser Ser His Ser Phe Leu
55 . 60 65
Ser Lys Leu Asp Ser Ser Gln Leu Ile Pro Arg Asp Glu Pro
70 75 80
Trp Val Lys Gly Asn Ile Leu Trp Ile Leu Pro Ala Val Gln
90 95
Ser His Cys
Ser Gly Thr Tyr Ile Cys Thr Phe Arg Asn Ala
115
Met Ser Val Glu Leu Lys Val Phe Lys Asn Thr Glu Ala Ser
120 125 130
His Val Ser Tyr Leu Gln Ile Ser Ala Leu Ser Thr Thr Gly
135 140 145
Val Cys Pro Asp Leu Lys Glu Phe Ile Ser Ser Asn Ala Asp
150 155 160
Ile Gln Trp Tyr Lys Gly Ala Ile Leu Leu Asp Lys Gly Asn
170 175
Phe
260
GCGCGGCCGC CTAGGAAGAG ACTTCTTTGA CTGTGG
His His Gln
295
Leu Ile Phe
Cys
A3
Val
Ile
360
Arg Arg Ala
Gln
390
Ala Gly
185
Ala Gly
Tyr Asn
Glu Pro
Leu Gly
250
Thr Ser
265
Ser Ala
Tyr Ser
Pro
330
Ser Thr
Leu Val
Gly Lys
Pro Ser
Ser
3
Pro Thr Arg Leu
Arg
205
Thr
220
Pro Val
Arg Leu
Asn Thr
Tyr Pro
285
Asn Asp
300
Val Thr Arg Glu
315
Ser Ser
Ala
365
Tyr Gly
Pro Asn
INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:l4:
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 36 base pairs
nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
TYPE:
MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)
HYPOTHETICAL: N
ANTI-SENSE: N
Cys Val
Asn Ile
Ile Ile
Ile Val
Ile
270
Arg Gly
Glu Asn
Gln
335
Ser
350
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l4:
Tyr Val Glu
Leu His Thr
Ser Leu His
Ile Ala Leu
Trp Met Arg
Thr Lys Leu
Asp
Claims (1)
1. An isolated DNA sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) cDNA clones having a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of human type II IL-1 receptor as shown in
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
USUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA05/06/19905 | |||
US53419390A | 1990-06-05 | 1990-06-05 | |
US57357690A | 1990-08-24 | 1990-08-24 | |
US62707190A | 1990-12-13 | 1990-12-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IE83679B1 true IE83679B1 (en) | |
IE911771A1 IE911771A1 (en) | 1991-12-18 |
Family
ID=27415141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IE177191A IE911771A1 (en) | 1990-06-05 | 1991-05-23 | Type ii interleukin-1 receptors |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030060616A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0460846B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP3155024B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE213743T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU651596B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69132937T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0460846T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2172502T3 (en) |
IE (1) | IE911771A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL98205A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ238255A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991018982A1 (en) |
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WO1991000742A1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-01-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Soluble human b-cell interleukin-1 receptor |
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1991
- 1991-05-17 AU AU79081/91A patent/AU651596B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-17 WO PCT/US1991/003498 patent/WO1991018982A1/en unknown
- 1991-05-21 IL IL98205A patent/IL98205A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-23 IE IE177191A patent/IE911771A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-24 DE DE69132937T patent/DE69132937T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-24 AT AT91304755T patent/ATE213743T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-24 ES ES91304755T patent/ES2172502T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-24 DK DK91304755T patent/DK0460846T3/en active
- 1991-05-24 EP EP91304755A patent/EP0460846B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-24 NZ NZ238255A patent/NZ238255A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-05 JP JP13446391A patent/JP3155024B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-26 JP JP2000125898A patent/JP3652582B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2002
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