IE61720B1 - Inhalation device - Google Patents

Description

There are a number of devices for dispensing aerosols for nasal and/or oral inhalation. Such devices are now quite well known for administering medicaments to patients suffering from bronchial conditions such as, for example, bronchial asthma. The most significant problem associated with such aerosols has been the difficulty for many patients to coordinate the release of the medicament with the initiation of the inspiratory effort. Many people, for example, elderly patients and children, find this synchronization difficult. These problems are alleviated with the breath-actuated devices such as the ones disclosed in United States Patents 3,636,949; 3,789,843; 3,826,413; and »085/01880. Sometimes these devices are also referred to as inhalationoriented aerosols or, more simply, 'demand valves81. Simply, these devices eliminate the need for manual coordination by actuating automatically when the patient inhales with his lips in contact with the mouthpiece. Only light negative pressure is required to trip a simple mechanism which actuates the metering valve. The device must then be reset before the metering valve may discharge again» The present application is concerned with a breath-actuated device of this type, but embodies improvements over the devices in the aforesaid patents in that it is structured to minimize the occasions of accidental discharge and, yet, discharge can be effected with minimum effort» A long-standing problem with breath-actuated dispenser development has been the incompatability between the strong spring required to overcome the internal aerosol valve spring for effecting discharge, and the light pressure available to impaired individuals to trigger the device» The juncture between the two aforementioned elements in the past has bees so tenuous that even the surface coefficient ef friction of materials had to be considered» By the introduction of an intermediate sear element and other improvements to accomplish greater mechanical advantage, this invention achieves a positive yet sensitive latching and the degree of integrity required in medical dispensing devices» As herein illustrated, the device is structured for use with an aerosol module and comprises a housing, a cradle disposed in the housing for receiving an aerosol module provided with a discharge stem movable from a disabling position to prevent discharge to an enabling position to permit discharge, the cradle being movable relative to the housing, a discharge nozzle member mounted in the housing in alignment with the discharge stem with which the discharge stem is engaged such that movement of the cradle relative to the nozzle effects movement of the stem relative to the module, a lever mounted in the housing operable to effect movement of the cradle relative to the nozzle member in a direction to enable the stem, to thus discharge a needed amount of aerosol formulation, spring means connected to the lever biasing the lever in a direction to enable the stem and means for constraining movement of said lever in said direction to enable the stem, comprising a . rotatable sear disposed adjacent the distal end of the lever with which the distal end of the lever is engaged, a latch engaged with the sear holding the sear in the lever engaged position such that the stem is disabled, and means for disengaging the latch from the sear such as to permit the spring to move the lever to a position to enable the discharge stem. The lever is coupled to the cradle such that pivotal movement of the lever will on the one hand move the cradle in a direction to disable the stem and on the other hand move the cradle in a direction to enable the stem. There is cocking means coupled to the lever operable to move the lever in opposition to the spring means to position t© disable the stea and there cocking means. The latch ose end aad has at its ot Ή λγΙΚ Wei, an ope: am *§ w,p*w m fe fe ofea oi iii «Jl feteifeitt displacement in a direction ' the sear1 «*·*! %jO>O> ί sweat that and thej re is means for «i disabling Mil (is WRMitrti'C· pivotal ,ly supported * «Ϊ· initiating release by inspirational effort. The housing has an opening adjacent the nozzle neaber through which the aerosol ejected hy engaging the valve can fee projected and there is a closure aaeaber adapted te close the discharge opening and Beans connecting the closure member to the spring to hold the latter distended and the lever in a position such that the ©tea ia disabled.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 ia a vertical section of a first eaabodiffient of the deviceshowing the components thereof in their inoperative position: Figure 2 is a vertical section of the device of Figure 1 showing the components thereof in a position preparatory to use: Figure 3 is a vertical section of the device cf Figure 1 showing the components in their operative position? Figure 4 is a transverse section taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1; Figures 5 to 7 are views corresponding to Figures 1 to 3 respectively of a second embodiment; Figures 8a and 8b are respectively an elevation and a plan view of the yoke substantially as used in the second embodiment, Figure 8a showing also a portion of a strap attached thereto; and Figures 9a and 9b are respectively a perspective view and a cross-section taken along line 9b-9b of Figure 9a of the sear used in the second embodiment; Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings, the device shown therein comprises a housing 10 defining chambers 12 and 14. A closure member 15 is hinged at one end by a pin 18 to one side of the chamber 12, the closure being provided at its opposite end with a latch element 20 interengageable with a latch element 22 on the housing.

A cradle member 24 is mounted within the chamber for vertical movement therein. The cradle 24 has semi-circular side wall 25 of a dimension and configuration corresponding substantially to the length and cross section of the aerosol module A to be disposed in the chamber and a bottom wall 28 containing a circular opening 30 for supporting the module in an inverted position within the chamber with its stem 32 extending through the bottom wall 28 into the chamber below the cradle. Desirably, the cradle 24 has at its upper end a capping element 34 for engagement vith the bottom of the module to hold the module firmly engaged with the bottom 28» The cradle 24 Is movable vertically within the housing 10 and there is means in the fora ef a yoke-shaped lever 36 operative in ose position to hold the cradle 24 in an elevated position and in another position to hold it in a depressed position» In that portion of the housing 10 below the cradle 24, there is mounted in a fixed position a nozzle member 38 containing an opening 40» The nozzle aeaber 38 is disposed in alignment with the stem 32 for receiving the stem 32» The opening 40 is connected by a passage 42 to a discharge opening 44, the axis of which is concentrically centered with respect to an opening 46 formed in the lower part of the chamber 12 within which there is disposed as annular mouthpiece 48» As thus arranged, discharge from the aerosol module, as will appear hereinafter, is directed by the nozzle member 38 through the mouthpiece 48» Since the stem 32 remains stationary in the nozzle member 38 during operation, the desired disposal pattern is maintained at all times.

Discharge of aerosol from the module is effected fey moving the cradle 24 downwardly relative to the nozzle member 38 te displace the stem 32 in the module. The aerosol module has a metering valve therein so that displacement of the stem 32 dispenses a dose of the material contained by the module through the nozzle element aad directs it through the mouthpiece 48« After the dose has been dispensed no further material emerges from the stem until the stem has been first returned to its disabled position and then again put in its enabled position..

As herein illustrated,, the yoke-shaped lever 36if Figure 4,, is provided vith transversely spaced arms 50 each provided with a respective crtmxcn 52 pxvotally supported in the opposite side walls 54 of 'the housing for pivotal movement about a horizontal axis .ntersediate its opposite ends Mi one end, the arms of the yoke are pivotally connected by respective trumicns 55 vith the lover end off the cradle., At the opposite end, the lever 36 is connected by an arm 57 and coupling element 58 to the lover end 61 «1 of a tension spring 60 mounted within the chamber 14., The arm 57 contains an opening 71 having oppositely diverging sides 73 through which the coupling element SS extends, The upper end 61,2 of the spring 60 is connected to a pin 62 fixed between the vails of the chamber 14, within the lover end of the chamber 14, there Is mounted a sear 64 which is rotatable about a horizontal axis parallel to the axis off rotation of the lever 36» The sear 64 extends a cross the chamber 14 ffre© one Q side wall 54 to the other and is mounted for pivotal movement about the aforesaid horizontal axis by trunions 64.1 pivotally supported in the side walls 54. The sear 64 is provided in a central region thereof with a notch 66 of generally right angular section for engagement with the distal end portion 68 of the lever 36. The distal end position 68 and the notch 66 are sized and positioned so that the end portion 68 engages notch 66 immediately adjacent the pivot axis to minimise the forces on the lever 36 when the elements are engaged. The sear 64 is rotatable about its axis between one position in which it holds the distal end portion 68 of the lever 36 depressed (Figure 1) , in which position the opposite end of the lever holds the cradle 24 elevated and, hence, the stem 32 fully extended, and another position to release the distal end portion 68 of the lever 36 and allow the lever 36 to be elevated by the spring to a horisontal position (Figure 3), such as to lower the cradle to a position to force the stem 32 into the module to cause aerosol discharge.

A latch member 70 having a pair of arms 70a is pivotally mounted at 72 to the side walls 54 for movement about a horizontal axis parallel to the axis of the sear. The latch 70 is provided adjacent its axially opposite ends (as viewed from above in Figure 4) with a pair of abutments 74 each of which is interengageable with a respective arm 76 integral with the seat. la the inoperative position of the device»? Figure 1, the lever 36 is held ia the depressed position by a cocking strap 78» oae end of which is connected to the coupling 58 to which the spring 60 is attached and the other end cs* which has connected to it a cap 80 which fits over the end of the mouthpiece 4S„ when the cap 80 is fitted to the mouthpiece» the strap by way of the coupling 58 holds the spring 60 extended and the lever 36 in the depressed position with its distal end engaged with the sear 64. In this position, the latch member 70 is engaged with the art 76. The latch member 70 has connected to its distal end an air vane 79 which, in the position of the latch as shown in Figure I» parallels the wall S3 ot the chamber 14 and in this parallel position, covers an opening 84 in the wall. In the son-operative position of the device, the cap 80 is engaged with the mouthpiece 48» the air vane is engaged 'with the wall 82 so as to cover the opening 84 and the linkage is held in the position shown in Figure 1 by the spring 60 so that the stem 32 is fully extended, that is, in the shut off position.

To ready the device for use, the cap 80 is disengaged from the mouthpiece 48» Figure 2. Disengagement of the cap allows the strap 78 to free the distal end cf the arm 57 so that the distal end off the lever 36 is held depressed only by virtue of the ζ X Λ fact that the lever 36 cannot aove without its distal end position 6S rotating the sear., and the sear cannot rotate because of the engagement of the arms 76 with the abutments 74 of the latch member 70,, With the cap SO removed,, the device is ready for use. When the user inhales through the mouthpiece 48, thus lowering the pressure in the chamber 14,, the air vane 79 swings from its position of engagement with the wall 82 toward the left, as illustrated in Figure 3. Hcvement of the air vane 79 to the left disengages the abutments 74 of tthe 1 a, sear 64 to rotate. The spring 60 is thus able to pull the right hand end of the lever 36 upwardly. Since the lever 36 is mounted for pivotal movement with respect te the housing by the trunions 52 this causes the left hand end of the lever 36 to move downwardly carrying the cradle 24 with it. Downward movement of the cradle 24 displaces the stem 32 into the module which effects discharge of aerosol from the module through the n©S2le and mouthpiece. When the aspiration is discontinued, the air vane assumes its closed position under the influence of gravity.

After inhalation the. user grips the cap 80 and pulls downwardly on it against the force exerted via the strap 78 by the spring 60,, The user is then able to re-engage the cap 80 on the mouthpiece 48. The device is thus restored to the position shown in Figure 1,., It will be observed that this involved, inter alia, the restoration of the lever 36, sear 64 and the latch member 70 to the positions of Figure 1, and the way in which this occurs will aow? fee described briefly» As the cap and strap are pulled down the lever 36 pivots about the trunions 52 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figures 1 to 3, and a point is reached where the distal end portion 68 cones into contact with the notch 66 in the central reglcn of the sear 64» As downward movement of the cap and strap continues the engagement between the distal end portion 68 and the notch 66 causes the sear 64 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction» In the course of this counterclockwise pivoting movement the arms 76 strike the undersides of the respective latch member arms 70a and the latch member 70 is thus caused to pivot counterclockwise through a small .angle to allow the arms 76 te pass» Once the arms 76 are' past the respective abutments 74 the latch member 70 is free to fall into the position shown in Figure 1 under the influence of gravity, with the arms 76 each engaged behind a respective abutment 74» At this point the configuration shown in Figure 1 is attained» The embodiment shown in Figures 5 te 9 is similar in many respects to the embodiment shewn In Figures 1 to 4, and will therefore not be described in detail. Elements in the embodiment of Figures 5 to 9 which correspond broadly to elements in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals but with the. addition of 100» Attention will now be drawn to the more significant of the aspects in which the embodiment of Figures 5 to 9 differs fro» the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4» Attention is directed firstly to the construction of the sear 164- For convenience this is shown on an enlarged scale in perspective in Figure 9, It will be seen that each of ’the arms 176 has a protrusion 176a which extends approximately radially in a direction generally at right angles to the directicn in which the main body of the arm 175 extends- As can be seen in Figure 5? when the device is its inoperative position ©ne of these protrusions 17Sa bears against a flat spring 200 which is of generally U-shape and which is secured intermediate its ends tc the bottom of the housing. The spring 200 extends about a pin 201 extending laterally from one of the side walls 154 of the housing. The spring includes upwardly bent portions 200a and 200b located on opposite sides of the pin which serve to position the spring relative to the pin» The extension 200c of the spring is inclined upwardly and is depressed by the protrusion 176a when the elements are in. the position shown, in Figure 5» Accordinglythe flat spring biases the sear in the clockwise direction. Ko second strip spring need be provided on the other side of the device, and the other protrusion 176a is therefore, strictly epeaking, unnecessary. The protrusions 176a serve firstly to prevent the sear from rotating too far counterclockwise as viewed in Figures 5 to 7. Zn the absence ef the protrusions the sear might rotate so far that the notch 166 would not fee in a position to be engaged by the distal end portion 168 of the lever 136 during the procedure of restoring the device to its initial inoperative condition after inhalation (i.e. restoring it to the condition shown in Figure 5)» The presence of the protrusions 176a and 'the clockwise bias of the spring 200 acting on the protrusion 176a ensures that 'the notch 166 is in tfee correct position after inhalation for engagement by the distal end portion 168» The protrusion 176a which engages the spring 200 has a light force exerted thereon by the spring, and this provides an additional impetus to the sear to ensure its clockwise rotation when inhalation takes place, over and above the force exerted on the notch 166 by the distal end portion 168 of tfee lever 136.

It will als© be seen from Figure ® that on the opposite side of tfee arm 176 to the protrusion 176a is a further protrusion 176b. As can be appreciated by considering, for example Figure 7, the protrusions 176b prevent excessive rotation ©f tfee sear in a clockwise direction by abutting the bottom wall of the housing.

One further aspect of the sear which should be noted is that the regions of the sear immediately on either side of the notch 166 are provided with recesses 1SS. During the initial stage of returning the device after inhalation to the state of Figure 5 rotation of the sear in a counterclockwise direction is accomplished by engagement between the distal end portion 168 of the lever 136 and the notch 166. However,, the final portion of this counterclockwise rotation is accomplished by engagement between cam surfaces 204 on the lever 136 and the recesses 169. At this point it may be convenient to note that the yoke 136 differs somewhat from the yoke 36 used in the first embodiment. In particular s the arm 57 is absent, so that there extends rearwardlv from the main portion of the lever 136 a pair of arms 202 which are not connected at their rearward ends. The upper portion of the strap has a section of reduced width and increased thickness 178a between the arms 202, and sections of full width and increased section immediately above and below the arms. In the form of yoke shown in Figures 8a and 8b, the section above the arms is convex and is received in a pair of concave recesses 203», on© formed in each of the arms 202.

The U-shaped spring 200 serves a purpose in addition to exerting a force on one of the protrusions 176a. As can be seen in Figures 5 to 7 the upper portion of the spring bears on one of the arms 170a of the latch member 170. This helps to ensure that after the cap 180 has been removed from the nozzle 148, as indicated in Figure 6, the latch member 170 cannot become accidentally disengaged from the arms 17 S, and that disengagement will only take place when the user inhales. The presence of the spring 200 means that a slight additional force has to be exerted through inhalation in order to disengage the latch member from the arms 17 Sf but this additional force is slight, provided the spring 200 is chosen to be appropriately weak. Furthermore, the effect of the spring 200 in requiring an additional force is more than counterbalanced by an improvement in the design of the air vane of the embodiment of Figures 5 to 9, over and above the air vane used in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4, As can be seen in Figure 5, the air vane 179 is provided with side walls 179a which extend forwardly from the main portion of the air vane and approximately perpendicular thereto. The side walls are each close to a respective side wall 154, and their presence helps to ensure that the suction force produced when a patient inhales is highly effective in producing a force on the air vane. The main portion of the air vane 179 has a button 179b which, in the position shown in Figure 5, is received in the opening 184. The main purpose of this is to provide a button which is clearly identifiable to a user as being such. It should be mentioned at this point that if a user desires to do so he can, instead of operating the device automatically hy inhalation, operate it hy pressing the button 173>b and thereby causing th© air van© 179 ts move inwardly as it would have done had the patient caused it to move by inhalation.

It should he understood that the present 10 disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and includes all Modifications or improvements which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. An inhalation device for use with an aerosol module having a body portion and a discharge stem movable with respect to the body portion from a disabling position in which it prevents discharge fo an enabling position in which it permits discharge, the device comprising: (a) a housing, (b) a cradle in the housing for receiving the aerosol module, said cradle being movable relative to the housing, (c) a discharge nozzle member mounted in the housing for receiving the discharge stem whereby movement of the cradle relative to the housing towards the discharge nozzle member effects movement of the stem to its enabling position, (d) a lever mounted in the housing operable to effect said movement of the cradle relative to the housing, (e) spring means connected to the lever biasing the lever in a direction to enable the stem, (f) means for restraining movement of said lever in said enabling direction, said restraining means comprising a rotatable sear with which the lever is engageable; a latch engageable with the sear for holding the sear and thereby the lever in a position such that the stem is disabled; and means for disengaging the latch from the sear such as to permit the spring to move the lever to a position to enable the discharge stem.

2. A device according to claim 1,, v^herein the lever is pivotally mounted at a point intermediate its ends to the housing for pivotal movement about an axis and has one end thereof connected to said cradle and the other end thereof disposed for engagement with the sear.

3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the sear is mounted for pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the axis of pivotal movement of the lever, and wherein the said other and of the lever engages the sear immediately adjacent the pivotal axis of the sear.

4. A device according to any preceding claim, comprising cocking means coupled to the lever operable to move the lever in opposition to the spring means to a position to disable the stem. 5. Means to a position to disable the stem, and wherein the said cooperating portions are operative» upon such movement, to pivot th© sear in a sense opposite the said given sense to return it to its latch-engaging position. 5 wherein the sear is pivotally mounted to the housing for pivotal movement between an operative, latchengaging position and an inoperative position.

5. A device according to claim 4, comprising means for enabling the cocking means and for disabling the cocking means.

6. a device according to claim 5, wherein the housing has an opening adjacent the discharge nozzle member through which aerosol ejected by enabling the valve stem is projected, and wherein the enabling and disabling means comprises a closure attached to the cocking means and arranged when disabling the cocking means to close the opening.

7. A device according to claim δ, wherein the closure is connected to the lever by a flexible strap.

8. » A device according to any preceding claim,, wherein the latch is pivotally supported at one end and has at its other end an arm accessible through an opening in fhe housing for manual displacement in the direction to disengage the latch from the sear.

9. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the latch is pivotally supported at one end and has at its other end an air vane disposed within the housing, and the housing contains at least one opening covered by the air vane when the latch is engaged by the sear, such that a reduced pressure inside the housing compared to the outside will displace the air value in a direction to disengage the sear. 2i

10. IS- A device according to any one of claims 11 to 15» wherein the sear is provided with means preventing pivotal movement outside a predetermined range. 17. An inhalation device substantially as herein 10 portion, of the sear to urge the sear to pivot in a given sense into its latch-engaging position under the influence of the force exerted on the lever by the spring means. 10» A device according to claim 9, comprising additional spring means for biasing the latch into its opening-covering position,.

11. A device according to any preceding claim,

12. A device aecording to claim 11, wherein the lever has a portion arranged to engage a cooperating

13. A device according to claim 12, wherein the 15 said cooperating portions are operative upon disengagement of the latch from sear to cause the sear to pivot further in said given sense into its inoperative position.

14. » A device according to claim 13, comprising 2o auxiliary spring means for assisting the said further pivoting. 15» A device according to any one of claims 12 to 14» as dependent on any of claims 4 to 7, which comprises cocking means coupled to the lever and operable to move the lever in opposition to the spring

15. Described with reference to figs. 1-4 and figs. 5-7 and figs. 8a, 8b e 9a and 9b of the accompanying drawings F. R- KELLY & CO.,