IE49926B1 - A positive active material for an electric cell,a method of preparing the positive active material and a cell which uses it - Google Patents
A positive active material for an electric cell,a method of preparing the positive active material and a cell which uses itInfo
- Publication number
- IE49926B1 IE49926B1 IE1326/80A IE132680A IE49926B1 IE 49926 B1 IE49926 B1 IE 49926B1 IE 1326/80 A IE1326/80 A IE 1326/80A IE 132680 A IE132680 A IE 132680A IE 49926 B1 IE49926 B1 IE 49926B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- positive active
- lithium
- cell
- cells
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 lithium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005218 dimethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DOVLHZIEMGDZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] DOVLHZIEMGDZIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
- C01B35/12—Borates
- C01B35/127—Borates of heavy metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A positive active material for an electric cell, said material being constituted by anhydrous copper borate whose formula is Cu3B2O6. A method of making such an active material. An electric cell whose positive active material (3) is anhydrous copper borate Cu3B2O6, whose negative active material (6) is lithium and whose electrolyte is a solution which is liquid at ambient temperature and whose solvent is an aprotic compound.
Description
The invention relates to a positive active material for an electric cell, a method of preparing the positive active material and a cell which uses it.
Known compounds of the oxygenated boron salt type are referred to in Pascal's treatise, on p.196 of vol. VI, of the 1961 edition (published by Masson et Cie) as tiers-borates and have formulas of B2O3,3M2O; MjO is a basic alkaline oxide in which M2 can be replaced by a bivalent element X.
Again in Pascal's treatise, on p.343 of vol. Hl of the 1957 edition it is mentioned that Rose is reported to have obtained a hydrated orthoborate whose formula is Cu3(Bo3>2, 3H2O by the wet method in 1852.
The invention provides an electrochemical generator, the negative electrode of which is lithium and the electrolyte a solution which is liquid at ambient temperature, its solvent being an aprotic compound, characterized in that the positive active material consists of an anhydrous borate whose formula is Cu3B2Og.
More particularly, said material is suitable for electric cells with a negative lithium electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte. Electrolyte solvents may be either esters such as propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate, or cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofurane and dioxolane or straight chain ethers such as dimethyl ethers (glymes), and, in particular, dimethoxyethane, or mixtures thereof. The solute is preferably lithium perchlorate but can also be lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithium hexafluoroarseniate, not to mention others.
The invention also provides a method of preparing anhydrous copper borate Cu^BjOg. Copper borate is prepared by making boric oxide Β2θ3 react with copper oxide CuO: B2°3 + 3Cu0* Cu3B2°6 The oxides are mixed in a ratio of one mole of B2O3 to three moles of CuO and the mixture is heated to a temperature which lies between about 800°C and 1000°C.
At a temperature lower than 800°C, no CUgBjOg is formed and some residual copper oxide remains. At a temperature 48926 higher than 1000°C, melting and partial decomposition take place.
Preferably, the heating temperature lies between 900°C and 950’C. Indeed, between 800°C and 900°C, the reaction takes place only slowly and above 950°C the compound must not be heated for too long, otherwise it eventually begins to decompose.
In contrast, between 9OO°C and 95O°C, the reaction is rapid and the material is stable.
In accordance with a preferred preparation method, the mixture is heated for one hour at 900°C, the preparation is homogenized by crushing, then the mixture is again heated for one hour at 900°C. X-ray examination of the crystals obtained shews that the lattice is triclinic and that the values of the parameters are : a = 18.44A b = 3.378 A c = 18.41 A a = 90° = 96.50° γ = 90° The density calculated from these parameters:p = 4.493 g/cm is in good agreement with the measured density:o = 4.50 g/cm^.
The invention will be better understood from the following examples described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which : - figure 1 illustrates schematically a cell in accordance with the invention made for the tests described in the examples; - figure 2 illustrates the discharge curve of a cell in accordance with the invention at a fairly low discharge rate; - figure 3 illustrates the discharge curves of two other cells in accordance with the invention at a medium discharge rate; and - figure 4 illustrates the discharge curves of two similar cells to those in figure 3 at a high discharge rate.
Cells in accordance with the invention have been made in the form of button type cells as schematically illustrated in figure 1.
In figure 1, reference 1 designates a stainless steel 5 positive cup which contains a positive active mass 3 held by a metal ring 2. A negative cap 8, also made of stainless steel, contains the negative active material 6 which is lithium pressed onto a nickel support grating 7 welded to the cap 8.
The active materials are separated by a polyethylene 10 separation barrier 4 and a porous cellulose separator 5 impregnated with electrolyte.
A polypropylene seal 9 insulates the cup from the cap and provides sealing for the cell.
The positive active material in accordance with the 15 invention, namely anhydrous copper borate Cu-jI^O^, is mixed with 5% by weight of graphite to form a positive active mass.
All the cells in the following examples use 280 mg of said positive active mass. This corresponds to a theoretical capacity of 138 mAh. The exchange area of the electrodes 2 is about 0.50 cm . The quantity of lithium corresponds to a theoretical capacity of 195 mAh which is very much greater than tnat of the positive electrode. 1st example : Cells such as just described were assanbled witn an electrolyte comprising a molar solution of lithium perch25 lorate in propylene carbonate. They were discharged through a resistance of 52 kQ. The average discharge curve is shown in figure 2 where the discharge time t in hours is plotted along the X-axis and the voltage V in volts is plotted along the Y-axis.
As shown, the voltage is slightly higher than 2 volts during the first part of the discharge. Discharge was stopped at 1.3 volts and gave 126 mAh, i.e. an efficiency of 90%. 2nd example : Analogous cells were assembled with an electrolyte comprising a molar solution of lithium perchlorate in a mixture containing equal volumes of propylene carbonate and of 1, 2 dimethoxyethane. The cells were discharged through a resistance of 15 ksl. Their average discharge curve is shown at A in figure j which is analogous to figure 2. Discharge was stopped at 1.2 volts and gave 138 mAh, i.e. an efficiency of 100%. The voltage stayed at about 2 volts during most of the discharge. 3rd example : Cells similar to those in example 2 were discharged through a resistance of 5kSl, i.e. at a fairly high rate. The average discharge curve is shown at B in figure 4 which is analogous to figure 3. The voltage stayed at about 1.9 volts during most of the discharge. Discharge was stopped at 1.2 volts and the capacity obtained was 120 mAh, i.e. an efficiency of 87%. The average current density was 0.59 mA/ 2 cm and, during most of the discharge, it was 0.54 mA/cm . 4th example : Cells analogous to those in the preceding examples but in which the electrolyte was a 2M solution of lithium perchlorate in dioxolane were used and discharged through a resistance of 15 kB. The average discharge is shown by curve C in figure 3. The end voltage was taken at 1.2 voits and the capacity obtained was 120 mAh, i.e. an efficiency of 87%.
Although the initial voltage is higher than 2 volts, it drops below this voltage more rapidly than in cells in the 2nd example. In actual fact, it seems that the discharge curve has two steps. 5th example : Cells similar to those in the 4th example were discharged through a resistance of 5 kfi. Their discharge is illustrated by curve D in figure 4. If the discharge is stopped at 1.2 volts, a capacity of 124 mAh i.e. an efficiency of 90% is obtained. The shape of the discharge curve is analogous to that of curve C. The average current density 2 was 0.59 mA/cm .
Of course, the cells in the preceding examples are test cells and the design thereof may be improved, in particular by reducing the very great surplus of lithium to increase the quantity of positive mass. It is thus possible to produce cells of the same size with a capacity of 150 mAh which corresponds, for example in the case of cells in accordance with the 2nd example, to an energy of about 300 ntWh.
Numerous applications can be found for such cells, e.g. in pace-makers. Of course, the positive active material can also be used in cells of different shapes, e.g. in cylindrical cells. As seen in the 3rd and 5th examples, the active material is able to discharge at fairly high rates and is therefore suitable for this type of cell.
Claims (5)
1. CLAIMS:1. An electrochemical generator, the negative electrode of which is lithium and the electrolyte a solution which is liquid at ambient temperature, its solvent being an aprotic compound, 5 characterized in that the positive active material consists of an anhydrous borate whose formula is Cu 3 B 2 0g.
2. An electrochemical generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the solvent is chosen from the group consisting of esters, cyclic ethers and ethers with straight 10 chains and mixtures thereof.
3. An electrochemical generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the esters are propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate, the cyclic ethers are tetrahydrofuran and dioxolane and the ethers with straight chains are 1-215 dimethoxyethane and other dimethyl ethers.
4. An electrochemical generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the solute of the electrolyte is chosen from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluorar20 senate.
5. An electrochemical generator according to claim 1, substantially as herein described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7916554A FR2460042A1 (en) | 1979-06-27 | 1979-06-27 | POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATORS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND GENERATOR USING SAME |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE801326L IE801326L (en) | 1981-01-27 |
| IE49926B1 true IE49926B1 (en) | 1986-01-08 |
Family
ID=9227169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE1326/80A IE49926B1 (en) | 1979-06-27 | 1980-06-26 | A positive active material for an electric cell,a method of preparing the positive active material and a cell which uses it |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4292382A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0021358B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5628470A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE3175T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU531743B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8003996A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1133225A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3062888D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK275480A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES492818A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2460042A1 (en) |
| IE (1) | IE49926B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL60391A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO150740C (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2508240A1 (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1982-12-24 | Gipelec | Electrochemical cell with cation conductive vitreous electrolyte - formed by powder compaction on cathode with lithium disc superimposed |
| US4457991A (en) * | 1982-11-15 | 1984-07-03 | Rayovac Corporation | Sealant for lithium cells |
| FR2550388B1 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-12-27 | Gipelec | POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATORS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATORS USING THE SAME |
| JP3162437B2 (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 2001-04-25 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| US5470678A (en) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-11-28 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Lithium cell with a cathode comprising a copper compound oxide |
| JP2002511179A (en) | 1996-10-11 | 2002-04-09 | マサチューセッツ・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジー | Solid electrolytes, intercalation compounds and electrodes for batteries |
| DE10050153A1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-08-09 | Hitachi Maxell | Active material for a positive electrode and a lithium cell comprising this material |
| CA2357392C (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2010-12-21 | Genics Inc. | Method of manufacture of a liquid pesticide containing copper and a liquid pesticide containing copper |
| GB0700857D0 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2007-02-21 | Betts John A | Preservative compositions for wood and like materials |
| CN102126730B (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-12-12 | 聊城大学 | A kind of preparation method of copper borate/SiO2 composite particles |
| CN105879896B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-03-06 | 湖南农业大学 | Cu3B2O6/g‑C3N4The preparation method of heterojunction photocatalyst and its method for degradation of methylene blue waste water from dyestuff |
| PL437512A1 (en) | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-03 | Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Mikroelektroniki I Fotoniki | Ceramic substrate for microwave and terahertz systems and method of producing this substrate |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3361596A (en) * | 1966-12-22 | 1968-01-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Cathode-depolarizers for high temperature electrochemical devices |
| GB1217804A (en) * | 1968-07-15 | 1970-12-31 | Du Pont | Voltaic cells and half-cells useful therefor |
| JPS5924493B2 (en) * | 1977-06-01 | 1984-06-09 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | organic electrolyte battery |
-
1979
- 1979-06-27 FR FR7916554A patent/FR2460042A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-06-04 JP JP7537080A patent/JPS5628470A/en active Granted
- 1980-06-09 US US06/157,893 patent/US4292382A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-06-20 AT AT80103441T patent/ATE3175T1/en active
- 1980-06-20 DE DE8080103441T patent/DE3062888D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-20 EP EP80103441A patent/EP0021358B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-24 NO NO801887A patent/NO150740C/en unknown
- 1980-06-25 CA CA354,721A patent/CA1133225A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-25 AU AU59613/80A patent/AU531743B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-06-25 IL IL60391A patent/IL60391A/en unknown
- 1980-06-26 IE IE1326/80A patent/IE49926B1/en unknown
- 1980-06-26 BR BR8003996A patent/BR8003996A/en unknown
- 1980-06-26 DK DK275480A patent/DK275480A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-06-26 ES ES492818A patent/ES492818A0/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO150740C (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| AU5961380A (en) | 1981-01-08 |
| ATE3175T1 (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| IL60391A0 (en) | 1980-09-16 |
| EP0021358A1 (en) | 1981-01-07 |
| BR8003996A (en) | 1981-01-21 |
| EP0021358B1 (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| FR2460042A1 (en) | 1981-01-16 |
| IL60391A (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| IE801326L (en) | 1981-01-27 |
| CA1133225A (en) | 1982-10-12 |
| ES8204228A1 (en) | 1982-04-16 |
| ES492818A0 (en) | 1982-04-16 |
| NO150740B (en) | 1984-08-27 |
| AU531743B2 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| US4292382A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
| JPS5628470A (en) | 1981-03-20 |
| FR2460042B1 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| DK275480A (en) | 1980-12-28 |
| DE3062888D1 (en) | 1983-06-01 |
| JPS6226153B2 (en) | 1987-06-06 |
| NO801887L (en) | 1980-12-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4052539A (en) | Electrochemical cell with a grahite intercalation compound cathode | |
| US4260668A (en) | Positive active material for an electric cell with a non-aqueous electrolyte | |
| US4758484A (en) | Non-aqueous secondary cell | |
| US4049879A (en) | Intercalated transition metal phosphorus trisulfides | |
| US6379843B1 (en) | Nonaqueous secondary battery with lithium titanium cathode | |
| US4292382A (en) | Positive active material for an electric cell, a method of preparing the positive active material and a cell which uses it | |
| EP3698420B1 (en) | Additives and methods to add additives in a rechargeable non-aqueous lithium-air battery | |
| US4499161A (en) | Electrochemical cell using dimethoxymethane and/or trimethoxymethane as solvent for electrolyte | |
| US3884723A (en) | Button type galvanic cell | |
| US3998658A (en) | High voltage organic electrolyte batteries | |
| JPH09120815A (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of manufacturing the same | |
| US4546057A (en) | Positive active material for electrochemical cells and electrochemical cells using said material | |
| US3951685A (en) | Nonaqueous cell utilizing a 3Me2Ox-based electrolyte | |
| JPS6048866B2 (en) | primary battery | |
| JP2007035354A (en) | Lithium ion secondary battery | |
| JP3125075B2 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery | |
| JPH05325961A (en) | Lithium battery | |
| Rao et al. | The Li/TiS2 cell with LiSCN electrolyte | |
| JP2599975B2 (en) | Method for producing positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery | |
| JP3273569B2 (en) | Lithium battery | |
| JP3176702B2 (en) | Lithium battery | |
| JP7088126B2 (en) | Fluoride ion battery | |
| JPH11312540A (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery | |
| JPH0415584B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0424828B2 (en) |