IE45935B1

IE45935B1 - Milk substitute for animals

Info

Publication number: IE45935B1
Application number: IE2506/77A
Authority: IE
Original assignee: Sloten Centrale Veevoederfab
Priority date: 1977-06-21
Filing date: 1977-12-09
Publication date: 1982-12-29
Also published as: IE45935L; NL7806635A; GB1568874A

Description

This invention relates to a milk substitute for animals which has special properties and provides an improved technique of rearing young animals especially for the so-called bar system.

It is known,that calves or lambs can be reared in groups by feeding the milk cold (4-20°C) and at will by this bar system, which consists of a milk churn or big pail placed outside the fence for the group of young animals and a teat or teats attached to the fence on the inside. The teat is connected by a narrow hose with the milk in the pail or churn, constructed in such a way that the calf, when sucking, can easily take up the milk.

The milk must remain stable in solution and must have the properties to pass easily through the hose or valve into the teat, e.g. it must not be too viscous nor contain lumps. until now a neutral milk has been used for this purpose, consisting of soluble neutral milk products and sufficiently homogenized fat, in order to prevent the accumulation of fat globules on the surface of the milk. The milk is prepared by dissolving mostly milk substitute into water.

For successful use of the rearing method via this bar system, many conditions must be fulfilled. They are seen in practice as disadvantages for successful use of the method when comparing it with the traditional method, in which once or twice a day a certain quantity of milk at 37°C is given individually to the calf, this being however a more laborious system.

The disadvantages of the bar-system until now are: - 3 The calves easily drink too much of the milk from the system, because of the sweet cold milk feeding as much as they wish and have an irregular consumption during the day, factors which decrease the degree of disease-safety as to development of scours.

With the bar method there is also the need of a frequent (daily) provision of milk. This is in order to prevent deterioration of the milk during keeping for example with pseudomonas, which is often found in calf sections, with this method.

Regular cleaning of utensils for prevention of deterioration remains also necessary.

The sweet milk easily attaches to the pails during keeping.

Preventing the latter would be an improvement of the technique as to cleaning work and the chances of deterioration.

The object of this invention is to militate against these disadvantages and to provide a further improvement to the requirements of labour saving and a disease safe system in the rearing of young animals in practice.

According to the invention we provide a milk substitute product for animals consisting substantially only of homogenized fat, one or more whey products from the group comprising whey and whey protein containing products derived from whey, one or more acids from the group consisting of unsubstituted carboxylic acids and carboxylic acids with one or more hydroxy groups as the only substituents, said acids having a carbon chain length of up to 6 carbon atoms, and if desired skimmed milk, one or more salts of the aforesaid acids, and small amounts of vitamins and minerals, said whey products being more than 30% by weight of the product, said fat not exceeding 45% by weight, said acids and/or salts not exceeding 10%, and the amount of skimmed milk if present being less than that of whey products. - 4 Examples of such acids are monocarboxylic acids like formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid, dicarboxylic acids like adipic acid, tricarboxylic acids like citric acid, unsaturated carboxylic acids like sorbic and fumaric acid, monohydroxycarboxylic acids like lactic and malic acid and dihydroxycarboxylic acids like tartaric acid.

The whey products belong to the group comprising whey and whey protein containing products derived from whey, for example, delactosed whey, ultrafiltrated whey, whey protein.

Ranqe Example Homogenized fat 0-45 19.5 Whey products 30 - 60 (30 wheypowder + 100 - x) 30 del. wheypowder Vitamins with minerals 0.1 to 1.0 0.5 Skimmed milk 17.0 Organic acid and salts: 0-10 (=x) 2.4 citric acid 0.6 Sodium formate 1) Butyric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, formic acid, sorbic acid, propionic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid. 2) fumarate, citrate, butyrate, formate, sorbate, propionate, malate, adipate, lactate, tartrate, acetate, plus one or more acids of 1.

On the basis of such powder we obtain the following conditions after dissolving it into water: An acid system, with improved stability in solution, usable in the bar system, without flow problems in hose from pail or bucket to teat. - 5 It was found that this milk substitute will not attach to the pails, which improves the cleaning work or chance of deterioration.

The milk will not deteriorate on this basis for two or mare days, which enables the farmer to prepare and to apply the milk in bigger quantities and for more days. The invention also affords advantages as to labour i.e. less work, possibility to look after the calves at the most convenient time and to have a labour-free weekend.

It was found that calves react on this cold acid milk by consuming more regularly during the day with less chance of overconsumption. The disease safety factor is increased for this reason and the acid barrier in the abomasum is improved at the same time, which is another improvement of the technique, and which leads to less risks and problems (diseases) and consequently less labour.

In order that the invention may be well understood, the following example and result is givenExample Black and white calves are reared individually 10 days in boxes and then in groups. Birth weight 40 kg. They received 3 days colostrum after which ad lib. cold acid milk substitute consisting of 19.5% homogenized fat, 30% delactozed whey, 30% whey powder, 0.5% vitamins with minerals, 18% skim milk, 2% formic acid (or 1.4% fumaric acid + 0.5% Na-propionate) individually, during 7 days, by teat pails is given. Level of the teat in the boxes 60 cm. The milk was prepared for 2 days and supplied every 1 or 2 days.

A milk consumption was registered on the calves of five litres per day as an average in the period of 3 - 10 days. 48935 After 10 days till the calves had a weight of 65 kg ad lib. milk is supplied via a calf-bar. The milk was prepared and made available every 2 days. Consumption in average seven litres per day in this period.

The preparation of the milk took place at the most convenient time and thus not strictly during labour peaks.

Next to the milk ad lib. water, hay and calf pellets were given to the calves.

At a weight of 65 kg the calves were weaned abruptly.

Consumption of pellets already at 8 weeks in this system: 1.8 kg per day.

Growth figures during experiments obtained were: 0-10 days 10 days weaning weaning - 1 week after weaning 0 - 100 days 300-450 g/day. 580-700 g/day. 650-875 g/day. 635-760 g/day. 45U3S -ΊLabour Diagram Bar Method Special Acid Milk from the invention 6 weeks milk- feeding period ad lib. Bar Method Sweet milk 6 weeks milk feeding period ad lib. Traditional method 9 weeks milk feeding period twice a day milk at 37°C is given Quantity of 250-300 1. 250-300 1. 250-300 1. milk (12.5% dry matter) (12.5% dry matter) (12.5% dry matter) Preparation of 14-21 times 42 times 126 times the milk Cleaning Max. 126 times 10 times 32 times one one pail one pail or pail or can per calf can per per 5 calves 5 calves + + 3 times one 10 times one pail per calf pail per calf Adminis tra t ion of the milk 21 times 42 times 126 times Possibility to spread labour (busy times) Possibility of a free weekend yes yes no for 2 days yes no no 45335

Claims

1. A milk substitute product for animals consisting substantially only of homogenized fat, ► 48935 one or more whey products from the group comprising whey and whey protein containing products derived from whey, one or more acids from the group consisting of unsubstituted carboxylic acids and carboxylic acids with one or more hydroxy groups as the only

2. 5 substituents, said acids having a carbon length of up to 6 carbon atoms, and if desired skimmed milk, one or more salts of the aforesaid acids, and small amounts of vitamins and minerals, said whey products being more than 30% by weight of the product, said fat not exceeding 45% by weight, said acids and/or salts

3. 10 not exceeding 10%, and the amount of skimmed milk if present being less than that of whey products. added 2. A milk substitute as claimed in acid is formic acid. claim claim 1, wherein the 1, wherein the 3. A milk substitute as claimed in 15 added acid is lactic acid. 4. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is fumaric acid. 5. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is tartaric acid. 20 6. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is acetic acid. 7. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is propionic acid. 8. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 25 added acid is malic acid. 9. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is citric acid. 10. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added acid is sorbic acid. .45935 -/011. A milk substitute as the added acid is butyric acid.

4. 12. A milk substitute as the added acid is adipic acid. 5

5. 13. A milk substitute as at least one salt of any of the claimed in claim 1, wherein claimed in claim 1, wherein claimed in claim 1 incorporating acids specified in claims 2-12.

6. 14. A milk substitute as claimed in any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the whey product is whey, delactosed whey, whey permeate from ultrafiltration, or whey protein. 10 15. A milk substitute as claimed in claim 1, substantially as herein described.