IE44032B1

IE44032B1 - Polyester coated polymethylmethacrylate article,process for its manufacture and applications thereof

Info

Publication number: IE44032B1
Application number: IE211576A
Authority: IE
Original assignee: Altulor
Priority date: 1975-09-24
Filing date: 1976-09-23
Publication date: 1981-07-29
Also published as: GB1562432A; DE2642564C2; NL169974C; ES451792A1; CH617887A5; NL7610434A; IT1066305B; IE44032L; BE846114A; LU75843A1; DE2642564A1; FR2325505A1; FR2325505B1

Abstract

The material comprises a plate of poly(methyl methacrylate) adhering directly, by at least one of its faces, to a layer of crosslinked polyester enclosing a fibrous reinforcement or a filler. This layer is obtained by spraying onto the plate a composition comprising the liquid polyester, its catalyst and its accelerator, together with the reinforcement or the filler. In order to improve the adhesion of the cured layer on the plate, a homopolymer polyester is used and poly(vinyl acetate) is added to it in a quantity such that the shrinkage of the polyester is compensated for. This material can be used for the manufacture of moulded articles.

Description

The present invention relates to a reinforced laminated composite product, based on polymethacrylate and polyester resin, as well as to its method of manufacture.

French Patent Specification No. 1,152,576 describes a method for manufacturing laminated materials by bonding a surface containing acrylic groups to a polyester surface.

It has been proposed to use an intermediate -polyester layer reinforced with fibrous material or silicone fabric. By employing as a cross linking agent of the polyester, a monomer containing acrylic groups, and placing the surfaces to be bonded in contact whilst the polyester surface is still incompletely polymerised, complete polymerisation is then obtained by cross-linking the polyester whilst keeping the two surfaces in contact. The polymerisation operation can be carried out at high temperatures (about 70°C) or at low temperatures (in the presence of cobalt naphthenate). Laminated materials of the aforesaid type are also known in which suitable solvents are sprayed on to the acrylic surface before placing the polyester in position.

U.S. Patent 3,832,268 describes a reinforced plastics structure, comprising a sheet of polymethylmethacrylate on to which a composition of unsaturated polyester methacrylic acid-styrene is sprayed. The methacrylic acid/styrene composition facilitates adherence of the composition to the sheet of 4403S polymethylmethacrylate. However, by reason of its composition, the polyester resin used for manufacturing this plastics structure tends to shrink, leading to defective adherence of the individual layers of the structure in numerous applications.

All these known materials have improved mechanical strengths; however, their manufacture is relatively complicated among other things on account of the number of moulds necessary and their cohesion is frequently insufficient to avoid delamination.

It is an object of the invention to overcome these drawbacks and to improve the properties and quality of such composite materials, and to simplify their manufacture.

It is a particular object of the invention to provide a composite material, based on a reinforced and/or filled polyester composition, and on polymethylmethacrylate, the manufacture of which does not involve the use of special solvents.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a laminated material whose composition permits the shrinkage of the layers, liable to arise during manufacture, to be reduced, in order to achieve good adherence of the individual layers of said material.

According to the invention there is provided a laminated material comprising a base sheet of polymethylmethacrylate coated on at least one of its faces with one or more layers of a polyester composition reinforced with glass fibre and/or a filler composition, said polyester composition including a homopolyroeric polyester resin, and polyvinyl acetate to-reduce the shrinkage of said layer(s).

The polyester composition of the present invention shrinks less after polymerisation, than does a conventional polyester resin. This reduced shrinkage permits the adherence between the polyester composition and the sheet of polymethylmethacrylate to be substantially improved. In the case of conventional polyester resin, the shrinkage is 8%; as a result no cross-linking occurs between the sheet of polymethylmethacrylate and the polyester resin and the adherence is then nil.

Any type of polymethylmethacrylate may be used. In fact, the quality of 4 0 3 2' lolymethylmethacrylate sheet does not affect the adherence of the polyester ;omposition. The polymethylmethacrylate may be, for example, that manufactured ind marketed under the trade mark “ALTUGLAS by the applicants. It is tdvantageously of the ALTUGLAS - series 8000 type suitable for deep :hermo-forming. The polymethylmethacrylate preferably has a molecular weight )f the order of 800.,flflD.

The amount of polyvinyl acetate contained in the polyester is not critical, lowever, in order to avoid problems due to increased viscosity of the polyester imposition, said composition preferably contains not more than 10S by /eight of polyvinyl acetate.

In a preferred embodiment, the polyester composition contains, by weight, 57% of polyester resin, 27% of styrene and 6% of polyvinyl acetate. The polyester composition then has a shrinkage not exceeding 3%. The polyester resin proper may be obtained in known manner, for example, from a mixture of nonomers containing maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, propylene glycol and iiethylene glycol.

The reinforcing fibre is preferably fibre glass cut to a length of, for example, between 30 and 40 mm. The glass fibre may be in the form of a fabric and/or. a mat of, for example, the glass rovings type. The glass fibre is preferably present in the proportion of up to 30% by weight of polyester composition.

According to another feature of the invention, the laminated material advantageously contains a filler, for example calcium sulphate, in the proportion of 19 to 25% by weight of polyester, which improves the bonding of the layers.

The polyester composition contains preferably also a catalyst and an accelerator which are used to induce bonding of the polyester composition on to the polymethylmethacrylate surface, and which can be respectively benzoyl peroxide and dimethylaniline. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate should preferably be avoided as catalyst and accelerator respectively since they do not give a sufficiently rapid bonding cf the polyester composition to the polymethylmethacrylate surface to be industrially practical, and above all, they result in a tensile strength of the order of 30 kg/cm, much below the required standard.

The present invention further provides a method of manufacturing a laminated material, comprising, at ambient temperature of 25 to 30°C, spraying on to a polymethacrylate surface, a first layer of up to 1 mm thickness of polyester composition reinforced with glass fibre and/or a filler material, wherein the polyester composition contains polyvinyl acetate and a catalyst and accelerator, then spraying a second layer of 1 to 2 mm of composition, rolling said layer to remove any air bubbles therefrom, successively spraying, at time intervals of between 15 and 30 minutes, additional layers of composition, as necessary to obtain the desired thickness, each layer being carefully rolled, and allowing the laminated material to age for about a week at ambient temperature of about 20°C.

The bond between the laminated polyester composition and the previously thermoformed skin of polymethylmethacrylate has a standard tensile strength of 0 about 45 kg/cm.

In the method of the present invention, there need be no treatment of the acrylic surface by spraying with various solvents in order to effect the spraying of the polyester/reinforcing fibre composition. The absence of this processing step is an advantageous feature of this method.

The polyester composition preferably contains about 1.5% by weight of benzoyl peroxide as catalyst, 1.2% of dimethylaniline as accelerator, 15 to 25;: by weight of calcium sulphate as a filler material, up to 30% by weight of reinforcing glass fibres of about 30 to 40 mm length. The calcium sulphate is more preferably present in the proportion of 20% by weight of the polyester composition.

The application of the layers of polyester composition and glass fibres may be effected by conventional methods, for example, by spraying (notably with a spray gun) or by injection. The glass fibre and the polyester composition are preferably sprayed from separate spray guns.

The laminated material of the present invention may be used in the manufacture of moulded articles, such as sanitary articles for example, wash basins, sinks and baths. The articles obtained have very superior mechanical properties whereby the tensile strength of the bond between the laminates of the polyester composition and the polymethylmethacrylate support is about 45 kg/cn'A jO 3 S The invention'is illustrated by the following examples: EXAMPLE 1.

This example relates to an embodiment of the method of the invention by ring.

A sheet of polymethylmethacrylate of the Altuglas type is previously loformed by the usual means.

The polyester resin is NORSODYNE 213 FM (NORSODYNE is a Trade I, manufactured by the CDF CHIME (France) Company. This resin, of the :omponent type with reduced shrinkage, has the following properties: a) PHYSICO-CHEMICAL.

Before polymerisation; Density in the liquid state (20°C) Viscosity at 25°C APHA colour SPI Reactivity: - Gel - Polymerisation - Exothermic peak After polymerisation: Density in the solid state (20°C) Specific shrinkage Barcol hardness 1.07 3.5 - 4.5 poises - 150 hazen *30 - 7‘ 8' - 10' 185 - 200°C 1.10 3/ - 34 b) MECHANICAL Impact strength (DYNASTAT CEMP) 2.5 kg/cm/cm3 Bending strength (DYNASTAT __ CEMP) 7.6kg/mm2 Bending modulus (HAAKE) 36000 kg/cm2 Yield temperature under load (ASTM standard 648 - 56) 91 °C On to the sheet of polymethylmethacrylate is sprayed the polyester composition which contains, by weight, 67% of polyester resin, 27% of styrene and 6% of polyvinyl acetate, and up to 20% of CaSO^ The polyester composition and the glass fibres are then sprayed on and a final layer of glass fibre alone is then applied, to obtain a total thickness for the laminate of 3.9 mm.

EXAMPLE 2.

A sheet of polymethylmethacrylate of the drawn Altuglas type, (manufactured and marketed by the Altulor Company), of O.S mm thickness is used.

On to this sheet is sprayed polyester composition containing, by weight, 67% of unsaturated polyester resin, 27% of styrene, 6% of polyvinyl acetate, and 20% of CaSO^ filler. This polyester composition and glass fibres are then sprayed on and finally there is applied a layer of glass fibre alone, to obtain a total thickness for the laminate of 3.9mm.

After complete polymerisation, the laminated material possesses the properties shown in the table below.

Claims

1. Lamination is effected in the same manner as in Example 2, except that two layers of glass fibre mat of 450 g/m 2 are applied to the polymethylmethacrylate sheet before the first layer of polyester composition. After complete polymerisation, the laminated material whose total thickness is 3.6 mm possesses the properties shown in the table below. TABLE Laminated material according to the invention AFNOR Properties Standard Unit Example 1 Example 2 Bending strength 51001 N/mm 2 154 134 Bending modulus 51001 N/mm^ 5570 4880 Impact strength Charpy 51035 J/cm 3 1.8 2.0 Tensile strength 57001 N/mm 2 84 79 Elongation on rupture 57001 cf '3 2.6 2.7 Shore hardness D ISO R 868 - S6 86 Water absorption 51002 A mg 91 88 EXAMPLE 4. This example relates to the resistance to mechanical shocks and to thermal shock of the laminated material according to the invention. On to a sheet of polymethylmethacrylate of 3mm Altuglas 8000 with a free monomer ratio less than 1%, 0.5% of plasticiser and 0% of lubricant, is applied by the method according to the invention, a layer of 0.3mm of the polyester composition containing polyvinyl acetate (NORSODYNE 213 FM), then successive layers of this polyester composition plus calcium sulphate filler (20%), more glass fibre (30%), then unwetted glass fibre, up to a total thickness of about 1.2mm of the polyester/filler/glass complex. Beyond this thickness of about 1.2mm, the finished complex material develops an orange peel or pitted appearance. It is observed that the application of a glass fibre mat substrate of 600 g/m2 or of two glass fibre mat substrates of 400 g/m2 before the spraying operation, as described in the previous examples avoids this defect. The finisned material is practically independent of the grain size of the water content of the calcium sulphate; the Altuglas sheet or skin should itself be preferably cold at the moment of spraying the polyester. 5 The finished material has an excellent impact strength; it withstands the impact of a weight of 5 kg falling from a height of 1 m. The sample is considered as good if the sheet of polymethylmethacrylate does not show a fracture and if there is no separation of the laminate. Delamination in the zone of the impact point and the whitening of the laminate in the same zone are 10 acceptable. It should be noted that an enamelled cast iron wash basin is destroyed by a weight of 1 kg falling from 1 m. The laminated material also has good heat shock resistance. Steam and hot water at 85°C were projected at the rate of a jet every 30 seconds for two 15 hours into tanks. The tanks were then full and the temperature of the water 55°C. No separation between the Altuglas and the laminate was observed. For application of the method, when the glass fibre and resin are being sprayed from separate jets, it is preferable to provide a fibre deflector to avoid too early a mixing of the fibre jet and of the resin jet and to regulate 20 the axes of the fibre jet and resin jet so as to obtain straddling of the fibres and the resin on the Altuglas sheet. 440 36 A laminated material comprising a base sheet of polymethylmethacrylate :oated on at least one of its faces with one or more layers of a polyester imposition reinforced with glass fibre and/or a filler composition, said jolyester composition including a homopolymeric polyester resin, and polyfinyl acetate to reduce the shrinkage of said layer(s).

2. A laminated material according to claim 1 wherein said polyester imposition includes up to 10% of polyvinyl acetate.

3. A laminated material according to either of claims 1 or 2 wherein said polyester composition contains, by weight, 67% of polyester resin, 27% of jonomeric styrene and 6% of polyvinyl acetate.

4. A laminated material according to any of the preceding claims therein the polyester composition is reinforced with up to 30% by weight of [lass fibre.

5. A laminated material according to any of the preceding claims therein said filler material is calcium sulphate present in the proportion of 'roin 19 to 25% by weight of said polyester composition.

6. A laminated material substantially as hereinbefore described /ith reference to the Examples.

7. A method of manufacturing a laminated material according to any of ihe preceding claims, comprising at ambient temperature of 25 to 30°C, spraying on to a polymethacrylate surface, a first layer of up to 1 mm thickness of polyester composition reinforced with glass fibre and/or a filler iiaterial wherein the polyester composition contains polyvinyl acetate and a :atalyst and accelerator, then spraying a second layer of 1 to 2 min of :omposition, rolling said layer to remove any air bubbles therefrom, successively spraying, at time intervals between 15 and 30 minutes, additional layers of composition, as necessary to obtain the desired thickness, each layer >eing carefully rolled, and allowing the laminated material to age for about a /eek at ambient temperature at about 20°C.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein a first layer of cut glass fibres unwetted by the polyester composition is applied to the laminated material.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said polyester composition contains, 1.5% by weight of benzoyl peroxide (catalyst), 1.2% of dimethylanil ine 5 (accelerator) 15 to 25% by weight of calcium sulphate (filler) and up to 30% by weight of glass fibre of 30 to 40 mm length.

10. A method according to either of claims 8 or 9, wherein a glass fibre mat of 600 g/m2 is applied to said polymethylmethacrylate surface oefore the first layer of polyester composition. 10

11. A method according to either of claims 8 or 9, wherein two glass fibre mats of 450 g/m2 are applied to said polymethylmethacrylate surface before the first layer of polyester composition.

12. Moulded articles comprising a laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

13. 15 13. Sanitary articles, including baths, wash-basins and sinks, constituted from a laminated material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.