HU231347B1 - Pressure die casting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

EQUIPMENT FOR DIE CASTING

The subject of the invention is a device for pressure casting, which is mainly intended for the injection molding of electric motor rotor plate bundles with molten metal, preferably with molten aluminum or copper alloys.

As is known, pressure casting is a forming technology in which a liquid material, e.g. molten metal is delivered in an extremely short time and at high speed into the molding cavity of the tool, where it is subjected to high pressure during solidification. In this way, the formaki10 filling no longer depends on the effect of gravity (as, for example, in mold casting), but is based on the transformation of the pressure energy acting on the liquid metal into kinetic energy.

The high speed used during mold filling leads to the development of complicated flow conditions, e.g. significant turbulence, i.e. swirling, as a result of which the molten metal encloses a significant part of the air in the mold cavity. The high pressure exerted on the metal melt during solidification of the metal melt is necessary to compress the air inclusions and to achieve a uniformly dense grain structure. Die casting is especially used for the production of castings with thin wall thickness and complex geometry. The temperature of the tool is significantly lower than in the case of gravity casting, which is why pressure castings are characterized by an extremely short setting (solidification) 20 time. In order to fill the molding cavity, a much shorter casting time is required compared to the solidification time, which can only be ensured by using a high metal flow rate.

Today, different versions of die casting are widely used, mainly for automobile parts, electric motors, computer parts, household appliance parts and hand tools, etc. for production. A common feature of the known pressure casting 25 technologies is that casting takes place in a split mold on a horizontal casting machine. The closing structure of the mostly horizontal-axis casting machine, e.g. hydraulic cylinder and hinged mechanism open and close the tool halves and feed the liquid metal into the forming cavity, the requirements of the process and the casting

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depending on the neck, the mold cavity is filled and the casting solidifies according to set parameters.

Pressure devices are widely known from practice, such as the Swiss BÜHLER AG. company's "H100B" horizontal cold chamber casting machine (cold chamber 5 pressure die casting machine). It has a frame structure with a horizontal centerline and a fixed (fixed) tool holder plate. It is associated with a fixed first mold part which is in cooperative relationship with a movable second die part. This movable second tool half is connected to a second movable tool pick-up plate, which is movably arranged along the horizontal columns of the frame structure by means of the horizontal closing structure. Together, the first and second tool halves form a vertically divided tool, and in their closed position they define a molding cavity with a shape corresponding to the negative of the product to be manufactured for injection molding with liquid material, mainly molten metal. The first tool half is connected to the firing device, which temporarily receives the liquid material, mainly molten metal, and can shoot it into the forming cavity 15 of the closed tool with a prescribed pressure during pouring.

US 5,429,175 is also known. From a US patent description, a vertical pressure die casting machine having a vertical frame structure, this supports a lower horizontal worktop which holds a base plate attached to a lower pouring tool. Its upper horizontal pressure plate is held by eme20 firing cylinders mounted on the lower plate for vertical movement between vertical columns, and the upper pressure plate is operated by hydraulic cylinders so that the upper pressure plate is fixed with the teeth on the vertical columns at a freely selected height. The top plate carries an intermediate plate that holds the base plate attached to the upper mold. After the upper pressure plate is secured to the columns, a hydraulic load element within the upper pressure plate secures the intermediate plate and the upper mold 25 to the lower mold and the lower pressure plate. This mechanical solution is inherently unsuitable for the installation of an auxiliary device, the purpose of which could be to ensure the porosity of the casting, to increase the internal metal pressure of the melt to such an extreme that it would compress any air bubbles in the molten metal.

CN 109550920. a Chinese patent description describes an injection molding machine and a molding machine mold closing mechanism. In order to be able to open the mold more gently and reduce the deformation of the mold plate, as well as to reduce the stroke of the press locking oil cylinder and shorten the press opening time, the complicated 5 closing mechanism of the mold includes a front plate, a back plate and a mechanical joint elbow part, where the mechanical hinged elbow includes crosshead, upper hinge assembly and lower hinge assembly. The upper hinge unit and the lower hinge unit are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the crosshead. The upper and lower hinge assemblies consist of hinge assembly hook hinges, long and short hinge 10 assemblies, and hinge tabs fitted to the hinged elbow portion of the machine are located on the front plate and back plate. The hook hinge has a first axle hole that mates with the rear plate hinge, the second axle holes are connected to the long hinges, and the third axle holes are connected to the short hinges.

This document describes a hinged closing unit and its operating principle, but in a horizontal arrangement. Furthermore, it does not contain additional equipment to improve production quality. Furthermore, the horizontal arrangement increases the chance of air bubbles and inclusions getting trapped in the mold cavity. Since this document recommends placing the filling chamber horizontally, it becomes practically impossible to fill it without air entrapment, 20 in other words, air is forced into the tool space in addition to the melt during each firing cycle in the filling chamber! With such an arrangement, air-tight filling of the mold cavity is impossible.

Finally, CN No. 108436057 Chinese patent description casting equipment includes a low-frequency induction furnace and a casting machine. The molding machine with a complex structural design includes front, middle and rear mold units and a pressure mold unit. The front mold unit, the middle mold unit, and the rear mold unit and the injection molding unit are sequentially arranged and combined. The middle mold frame and the rear mold frame are connected to each other through a screwless connection, and with boundary bars and boundary holes, rectangular cross-section posts and screw holes, and the mold frames 30 can be easily separated. Here, too, the equipment has a horizontal arrangement, with the deficiencies already mentioned above, and the description lacks a description of the design of the closing structure, and the tool construction does not contain any quality improvement solutions. The description does not cover the porosity-freeness of the rotor castings and the inclusion-freeness of the manufactured products.

Based on our practical experience, the common shortcoming of the known pressure casting machines is that the molten metal is mostly shot into the molding cavity from the side, and then the material flow has to undergo further changes of direction in the molding cavity. These changes in direction inevitably cause eddies in the material flow, which tend to trap air bubbles. As a consequence, an inhomogeneous material structure is inevitably created in the injection molding, which degrades the product quality.

It is also known that in high-pressure casting machines, liquid metal is injected at a very high speed and force, which affects the tool with a large and dynamic opening force proportional to the surface of the parting plane. Even if the molten metal can open the tool, the structure of the casting will not be sufficiently compact and homogeneous. A solid casting without porosity15 is a prerequisite for demanding rotor production.

Our goal with the present invention is to eliminate the above shortcomings, i.e. to create a perfected solution, with which a homogeneous, i.e. porosity-free casting material structure can be achieved with a relatively small investment, and thus the product quality of the casting, especially the rotor, can be effectively improved.

To solve the set task, we started from the casting machine described in the introduction. It has a frame structure and a correct front tool holder plate. This is associated with a correct first mold part, which is in a cooperative relationship with a second movable tool half and is arranged on a second movable tool receiving plate - along the columns of the frame structure, which can be moved by means of the hydraulic cylinder of the closing structure. The first and second tool halves 25 together form a split tool and in their closed position define a molding cavity with a shape corresponding to the negative of the product to be manufactured for injection molding with liquid material, mainly molten metal. The removable second tool part is connected to the closing mechanism. The first part of the tool is equipped with a shooting mechanism that temporarily receives the liquid material, mainly molten metal, and can shoot it into the molding cavity of the closed tool with the pressure prescribed during injection molding.

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The further development, i.e. the essence of the invention, is that the casting device is designed as a device with a vertical center line suitable for vertical pressure casting, in which the hinged closing mechanism connected to the working cylinder is designed as a folding elbow lifting mechanism. This is connected to the movable tool half by means of the working cylinder 5, which opens and closes the tool halves, and keeps them in the closed state during injection molding. Furthermore, the hinged closing mechanism is arranged above the horizontally divided tool in the frame structure as viewed along the vertical center line. Furthermore, the firing mechanism is located below the horizontally divided tool in the frame structure as viewed along the vertical center line, and is arranged in communication with the molding cavity through the through opening of the lower fixed tool half 10. The movable tool half is provided with a compaction structure with compaction spikes that are fed into the molding cavity under pressure and can be pressed into the unsolidified metal melt, which is arranged above the movable tool half in the frame structure as seen along the vertical center line.

A design in which the hinged elbow lifting mechanism of the vertically arranged closing mechanism is designed in such a way that the closing mechanism is in an operating relationship with the movable tool half - in the sense of keeping the tool halves closed during injection molding. The form-locking closing connection guarantees that the split tool cannot open during injection molding, which further improves product quality.

A design in which the compactor structure has at least two hydraulic working cylinders is preferred, these are connected to a connecting plate to which at least two, preferably four, push rods are attached. These are routed through the upper table. Furthermore, the push rods are connected to an intermediate plate, in which flanged pins are embedded vertically, displaceably downward against a pressure spring. The lower part of the flanged pins is connected to a pin holder plate into which the downward compression pins are attached.

With this arrangement, the compression pins can be pressed into the molten metal with great force, in order to achieve a homogeneous casting structure.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is preferable to have a design in which the mold cavity of the tool for injection molding the through holes of the electric motor rotor plate stack with molten metal, preferably with molten aluminum or copper, is designed in such a way that there is a space above the required nominal height of the rotor to accommodate excess metal melt is designed, in which, in order to eliminate material deficiencies (infiltrations) and porosity of the metal melt, the compaction spikes of the compaction structure guided through the movable upper tool half - even in the state before the complete solidification of the metal melt - can push down into the metal melt.

The invention is described in more detail on the basis of the attached drawing. In the drawing:

- Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the pressure casting device according to the invention in a schematic front view;

- figure 2 is. Vertical section of the detail of Figure 1, in the open state of the closing structure and the tool halves;

- Figure 3 is the section according to Figure 2 in the closed state of the closing structure and the tool halves;

- figure 4 is 1-3. a section on a relatively larger scale of an additional detail of the device according to the figures, namely the detail of the compression structure;

- Figure 5 is 1-4. front view of an electric motor rotor (without shaft) already injection-molded with the equipment according to the figures;

Fig. 6 is a section taken along line Vl-VI in Fig. 5;

- Fig. 7 is a top view of a part of the plate stack of the rotor according to Figs. 5 and 6 - originally to be inserted into the forming cavity as a core - before pouring;

- Figure 8 shows a detail of the compression structure according to Figure 4, in a relatively smaller scale section;

- In Figure 9, the compression structure and the shooting structure of the device according to the invention are illustrated in a vertical section.

Figure 1 shows the device for vertical pressure casting 1 according to the invention, which is suitable for injection molding the electric motor-rotor sheet stack of motor vehicles, in this case with molten aluminum. The vertical center line of device 1 is marked with 2. The apparatus 1 has a frame structure 3 and a stationary first table 4 associated with a stationary first tool half 5, which is in cooperative relationship with a second vertically movable tool half 6. The vertically movable second 6 «

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The tool half w is removably arranged on a second movable table 7 along the vertical columns 8 of the frame structure 3 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 8. The height position can be precisely adjusted thanks to the threaded column nuts 18 arranged at the ends of the columns 8.

Together, the first and second 6 and 7 tool halves form a horizontally divided, openable and closable tool 10, and in their closed position they define a molding cavity 11 with a shape corresponding to the negative of the product to be manufactured for injection molding with metal melt, in this case aluminum or copper melt. A hinged closing mechanism 12 is inserted between the removable second tool half 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 9. The closing structure 12 10 also includes the working cylinder 9. The first 5 tool halves can temporarily receive the molten metal and shoot it into the molding cavity 11 of the closed tool 10 with a firing mechanism 13 at the prescribed pressure (600-900, preferably 900 bar pressure) and speed (4-6, preferably 6 m/s) during injection molding is equipped.

According to the invention, the equipment 1 has an arrangement suitable for vertical pressure casting, 15 of which the center line 2 is vertical, and in which the vertical closing structure 12 has a power-transmitting connection with the hydraulic cylinder 9, a hinge-elbow mechanism 17, which, with the movable tool half 6, the hydraulic 9 the opening and closing of the tool halves 5 and 6 by means of the working cylinder, and the actuator holding the tool halves 5 and 6 closed together by means of the shape-locking position during injection molding is connected. (see figures 2 and 3). Furthermore, the closing structure 12 is arranged above the horizontally divided tool 10 in the frame structure 3, viewed along the vertical center line 2.

With this arrangement, the goal has been achieved that for the injection molding of the rotor 21, the molten metal flows from the bottom upwards in an almost ideal state in the cavity 11 of the molder 10 of the tool 10, and in the core, i.e. in the through openings 51 of the rotor plates 52 of the plate stack 22, i.e. the holes formed by these in its pouring grooves (see figures 5-7). in this way, the turbulent material flow and the accompanying air absorption are avoided, and at the same time the piece can be shot with great force and speed, because due to the use of the hinged elbow lifting mechanism 17 in the form-locking state, the split tool 10 is guaranteed not to open 30 (Figure 3 ).

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Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the open and closed positions of the closing structure 12 in more detail. In Figure 2, the opening direction of the movable tool half 6 is indicated by 39 arrows. The hydraulic (closing-opening) working cylinders 9 have 27 pistons and 28 piston rods. The hinge pins of the hinge arm 31 are designated by reference numbers 30 and 32, respectively.

Figure A3 shows the closed position, the closing movement of the movable tool half 6 is indicated here by an arrow. It can be clearly seen here that the hinge-elbow mechanism 17 has an elbow lifter 33 connected to the upper support 19 through a hinge pin 34 with its upper end, to the lower hinge pin 35 of which the upper end of the lower hinge arm 36 is connected. The lower end of the joint arm 36 is connected to the movable table 7 via a joint pin 37. The outer end of the hinge arm 31 is connected to the hinge pin 31A of the elbow lifter 33, the inner end of which is connected to the crosshead 29 via the hinge pin 31B.

In the right part of Figure 3, it is clearly visible that in the closed position, the center lines laid through the hinge pins 34 and 35 and 35 and 36 fall approximately in a vertical line (indicated by a thin result line), and the center line 15 connecting the hinge pins 31A and 31B is approximately horizontal. With this arrangement, when 10 tools are closed together, we achieve a permanent shape-locking closure, which is a prerequisite for quality casting.

The big advantage of the elbow lifting mechanism 17 in the vertically arranged closing structure 12 is that a relatively small effort is required to "stretch" the hinge arms 31, 36 (see Figure 3). After that, the mechanism 17 is self-supporting by means of the elbow lifter 33, and the tool 10 ensures a form-locking closure during the casting operation, i.e. no additional energy investment is required to maintain the closing force, so the operation of the device 1 is also energy-saving.

Figures 4 and 8 show the compression structure 16 according to the invention in more detail. In this case, it has two hydraulic working cylinders 41, their joint movement is ensured by connecting plates 25 42. In the present case, four push rods 43 are attached to this connecting plate 42, which are guided through the upper table 7 by means of bushings. Furthermore, in the intermediate plate 44, several flanged pins 45 are vertically displaceably embedded, each of which is returned to its upper default position by a pressure spring 46. The lower part of the flanged pins 45 is connected to the plate 47 holding the spikes. Compression pins 15 of the required quantity and size for the given tool or casting can be installed in this plate 30 of the pin holder 47. The hydraulic working cylinders 41 push the compaction pins 15 into the molten metal with great downward force (e.g. 600-900 bar pressure on the metal). After use, the compression springs 46 restore the flanged pins 45, together with the pin holder plate 47 and the compression pins 15 to their upper default position.

The shooter structure 13 is located below the horizontally divided tool 10 in the frame structure 3, viewed along the vertical center line 2, and is arranged in the way of the forming cavity 11 (Figures 4 and 8) through the through opening 38 of the lower tool half 5. The dividing plane of the tool 10 is marked with 48, and the fixed tool half 5 and the movable tool half 6 of the divided tool 10 together form the forming cavity 11 of the shape 10 corresponding to the product to be manufactured. According to the invention, the movable tool half 6 is provided with a compression structure 16 with compaction pins that can be pressed into the molten metal 15 fed into the molding cavity 11 but not yet solidified, which is above the movable tool half 6 in the frame structure 3, viewed along the vertical center line 2, with is arranged in association.

Therefore, in order to be able to produce porosity-free rotors 21 for electric motors of motor vehicles with this equipment 1, it was also necessary to ensure that a compact, homogeneous metal structure was formed in the molding cavity 50 even in the parts furthest from the firing piston 50 by the end of casting. A lot of liquid metal is placed in the pouring plate cavities of the rotors 21, i.e. in the series of through openings 25, these form continuous metal rods 54 20 (see Figure 6), and at their two ends - with large wall thicknesses - short-circuiting 23 and 24 to be poured rings are connected, which could cause absorption during solidification of the metal melt.

For this, we had to create a compaction structure 16 on the moving table 7, with which we were able to solve the problem of pushing compaction pins 15 into the molten metal from above, even before the complete solidification of the molten metal (transition 25 between the liquid and solid states) with the help of the hydraulic cylinders 41 the air inclusions, and as a "feeder" we make up for material deficiencies caused by absorption. With this solution - according to our experimental experience - the lack of material and porosity caused by absorption can be satisfactorily eliminated. If appropriate, the 16 compression structure 2219228 can be provided with an additional vacuum unit (not shown), which is connected to the molding cavity. With this, the removal of air from the molding cavity can be further improved.

According to the invention, the core-like plate stack 22 of the rotor 21 according to Figure 5 is coated with a metal melt, e.g. for injection molding with molten aluminum, or with copper, or with another metal, the molding cavity 11 of the tool 10 is expediently designed in such a way that above the required nominal height size of the rotor 18, an additional space 20 suitable for receiving excess metal melt is formed, into which mainly all in the upper region of the molding cavity in order to eliminate possible material shortages and porosity of the metal melt, the compaction pins 15 10 sealed through the movable upper 6 tool halves - even before the metal melt has completely solidified - can be pressed vertically downwards into the excess metal melt. This space part 20 can be even a single ring space above the upper short-circuiting ring 23 to be poured (see Figure 8), but there can be several, e.g. also from the plug-shaped part. The casting part produced in the space part 20 is subsequently removed from the rotor 21, e.g. it is removed by turning, and this is how the finished rotor 21 with the nominal height size is finally created. The 15 5-7. in the figures, the central shaft hole of the rotor 21 is marked with 26.

In Figure 1, the hydraulic working cylinder of the firing mechanism 13 is marked with 54, and the hammer shank connected to it is marked with 55.

The mode of operation of the casting 1 device according to the invention is as follows:

By controlling the hydraulic cylinder 9 of the closing mechanism 12 in the sense of opening, the upper tool half 6 20 is removed, i.e. it is lifted from the fixed lower tool half 5. In this state, the forming cavity 11 of the tool 10 is empty, and the through opening 38 of the fixed tool half 5 is freely accessible with the charging chamber 49 of the firing mechanism 13. The liquid aluminum (e.g. at a temperature of 670°C) is then poured into the filling chamber 49 from above.

As the next operation, the plate bundle (packet) 22 of the rotor 21 to be poured is inserted as a core into the forming cavity part of the upper tool half 6 and it is fixed there in a manner known per se. During this, we leave a free ring space below and above the plate stack 22 for pouring the short-circuiting rings 23 and 24, and above the upper ring 23, we leave a ring-like space 20 for the excess metal melt (Figures 5-8).

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Then, by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 9 of the closing mechanism 12 in the sense of closing, the upper tool half 6 is lowered and the tool 10 is then closed and kept closed with the elbow lifting mechanism 17.

Then, by hydraulically operating the firing piston 50 of the firing mechanism 13, the molten metal is shot from the filling chamber 49 upwards into the forming cavity at a high speed (e.g. at a speed of 6 m/s) with 5 upward movements, while the molten metal moves upwards through the through openings 51 of the stack of plates 22 without turbulence . When the forming cavity 11 of the tool 10 is completely filled, the firing piston 51 compresses the metal melt from below with great force (e.g. 900 bar pressure). Since the crystallization of the molten metal in the passages 10 formed by the through openings 51 of the plate stack 22 already begins in this case, this compressive force no longer reaches the upper part of the forming cavity 11, or only significantly reduced. Therefore, porosity caused by air bubbles could develop here. But precisely this undesirable phenomenon is prevented in an original way by the compression structure 16 according to the invention (Figures 8-9).

Pursuant to the invention, this lack of porosity is achieved by pouring into the metal melt in the space part 20 that accommodates the excess metal melt at critical locations far from the piston 50, i.e. in this case in the upper area of the forming cavity all, even before the metal melt has completely solidified, with a high force (900 bar pressure) the compression pins 15 are pressed into the molten metal with the compression hydraulic cylinders 41. In this way, we achieve the appropriate compressive force acting on the metal melt, i.e. the absence of porosity in the casting.

With the above measure, namely by pressing the compression pins 15 into the metal melt with great force into the metal melt in the space part 20 that receives the excess metal melt in the upper region of the molding cavity 11 even before the metal melt has completely solidified, we solved one more problem - according to our experimental experience - the upper short-circuiting 23 fingers25 at ru. Due to its large wall thickness, the shrinkage of the large amount of aluminum during cooling could cause continuity errors in the material. A so-called "absorption" phenomenon could occur. This can be experienced in the inner part of the casting (lens-shaped empty spaces) or on the surface, in the form of crater-like indentations. This was also solved by compressing the metal 30 in the space part 20 that accommodates the excess metal melt in the upper area of the molding cavity - even before the metal melt has completely solidified, with great force - the 15 compaction © ft W

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Press CM N pins. With this measure, the porosity of the entire casting can be guaranteed. Thus, the hydraulic cylinders 41 push the compaction pins 15 down into the liquid metal with great force in order to achieve the absence of porosity. The compression springs 46 return the compression pins 15 to their upper default position.

According to our experience, this measure can safely prevent the formation of lens-like internal cavities or external craters, which means that the quality of the casting is significantly improved. This is a surprising technical additional effect of the invention, which was confirmed by our experiments.

After the solidification time has passed, the tool 10 is opened again by lifting the upper half of the tool 6 by controlling the opening of the hydraulic cylinder 9, and after loosening the fixing of the core in the forming cavity 11, the cast rotor 21 is pushed out of the tool 10 with the help of the firing piston 51. In the space part 20, the ring-like casting excess formed on the casting is subsequently e.g. it is removed from the rotor 21 by turning, and thus the pressure casting process and post-processing of the rotor 21 is completed, and the injection molding can be repeated cyclically.

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Equipment for pressure casting, mainly for the injection molding of motor vehicle electric motor-rotor sheet stacks with molten metal, preferably molten aluminum or copper alloy, which equipment has a frame structure and a fixed first table, this is associated with a fixed first tool part, which is in cooperative relationship with a second movable tool part and is arranged on a second movable table along the columns of the frame structure so as to be movable by means of a working cylinder, and the first and second tool halves together form a split tool and in their closed position define a forming cavity, and the movable second tool half is in a power transmission connection with the hinged closure structure, and the first die part is equipped with a shooting mechanism that temporarily receives the liquid material, mainly molten metal, and feeds it into the molding cavity of the closed die during injection molding, characterized by the fact that the casting device is designed as a device (1) with a vertical center line (2) suitable for vertical pressure casting , in which the hinged closing mechanism (12) connected to the working cylinder (9) is designed as a hinged-elbow mechanism (17), this with the movable tool half (6) opens the tool halves (5, 6) apart through the working cylinder (9) and it is connected in a closing or closed state during injection molding, and the hinged closing mechanism (12) is arranged above the horizontally divided tool (10) in the frame structure (3) viewed along the vertical center line 20 (2), and the firing mechanism (13) ) is located below the horizontally divided tool (10) in the frame structure (3) viewed along the vertical center line (2) and is arranged in communication with the molding cavity (11) through the through opening (38) of the lower fixed tool half (5), furthermore, the movable tool half (6) is equipped with a compaction structure (16) with compaction pins (15) that can be pressed into the molding cavity (11) under pressure, but not yet solidified 25, which is the vertical center line ( 2) is arranged above the movable tool half (6). 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinged-elbow lifting mechanism (17) of the vertically arranged closing structure (12) is designed I» ft ft © Η ft ft except that it is connected to the movable tool half (6) - in the form-locking state during injection molding - keeping the tool halves (5, 6) closed. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the molding cavity of the tool (10) for injection molding the through openings (51) of the plate stack (22) of the electric motor rotor (21) with molten metal, preferably with molten aluminum or copper alloy ( 11) above the nominal height of the rotor (21), it is provided with a space (20) suitable for receiving excess metal melt, into which the compaction pins (15) of the compaction structure (16) are guided through the movable upper tool half (6) - complete solidification of the metal melt in their previous state - they have an arrangement that can be pressed into the molten metal. 10 4. The 1-3. Device according to any one of the claims, characterized in that the vertical compactor structure (16) has at least two hydraulic working cylinders (41), these are connected to a connecting plate (42), to which at least two push rods (43) are attached, these are on the upper table (7) are routed through, and the push rods (43) are connected to an intermediate plate (44), in which flanged pins (45) vertically - compression spring Against 15 (46) - they are embedded in a downward displaceable manner, the lower part of the flange pins (45) is connected to a pin holder plate (47), in which the downward compression pins (15) are fixed.