HU231219B1 - Stringed instrument - Google Patents

Description

722253 / DO

STRING INSTRUMENT

The present invention relates to a stringed instrument having a neck with a screw

- a body with a top plate forming a roof,

- a bracket, preferably a multilayer string, attached to the bottom of the instrument,

- there are strings in the tensioned state supported by the bridge between the cervical screws and the string holder.

Several types of stringed instruments are known. In the members of the violin family, it is an instrument carved from ebony or rosewood (wood) rosewood that is connected to a button attached to the lower capital using a string force. In the case of the mandolin, some metal-stringed acoustic and electric guitars are made of metal and screwed to the lower capital or the body of the instrument. In guitars, the string holder and the string foot are often integrated, forming a unit, for example, in classical and flamenco guitars. On the plucking instruments of old times, on folk instruments, the knot system with a knotting system is also a string holder.

The string is the primary sound-forming component of stringed instruments.

The string is a thin, flexible fiber capable of transverse vibration when stretched. Its material can most often be casing, silk, plastic, or metal (the word string originally meant bel, cf. loop). The sound of a stringed instrument is basically determined by its strings, but it also depends on the structure of the instrument, as the sound produced by the string is radiated by the body of the instrument.

The vibrations of the strings can be triggered in several ways: they can be

- pluck (with a finger, hand plow or mechanical device as for the harpsichord),

- punch (this is done by the piano mechanics or, in the case of a cimbalom, by the cimbalom beat),

- excited by rubbing or pulling (as in the case of the violin or winding sled),

- a special case where the string is vibrated by the flowing air (aeolian harp).

Standing waves are generated on a string in constant sound: the string vibrates for a period determined by its free length. The magnitude and amplitude of the vibration determine the volume, the frequency and frequency determine the pitch. Other characteristics of the string, material, thickness, etc., as well as the catch of the string by the musician affect the tone. The pitch of the string (“tuning”) is adjusted by changing the tension of the string for most instruments.

WWillHiin

SZTNH-100314570

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If the stretched string fixed at both ends is deflected at a point, it takes the form of an elongated triangle, and when released, the apex of the triangle starts in two directions along the string and runs back and forth at the endpoints as the string tries to rest. to recover. It is important to note that the type of motion the string makes depends largely on the location of the excitation, but the frequency is not affected. In the case of plucking, this vibration can be damped due to the internal friction, but by applying traction, we can continuously recreate the state characteristic of the swing.

In order for a string to be suitable for musical purposes, ie to make a musical sound for as long as possible after the swing, it must meet the following conditions:

- have sufficient tensile strength to withstand the tensile force required for its tuning,

- be sufficiently flexible to actually act as a string and not as a vibrating elastic rod,

- it follows from the above condition that, in the case of a harder, stiffer material (for example, steel), its length must be sufficiently large in relation to its diameter, but that, for example, a silk string wrapped in bronze fiber can withstand a relatively smaller length in relation to its diameter,

- its mass per unit length must be the same everywhere. This does not preclude the assembly and combination of materials of different densities.

The very first string instruments were probably the so-called idiocord instruments. These were made from different stems of the plant by cutting them longitudinally in the longitudinal direction and tensioning the bundle of fibers thus separated by wedging them with small pegs at the ends. The reed violin, for example, has this structure.

A degree of advanced music is the heterocord musical bow. This is where a string of vegetable or animal fibers appears, which also meets the more stringent musical requirements.

During the development of stringed instruments, different materials were available for making musical strings in different parts of the world: silk in the east, horsehair in the equestrian peoples of Asia, various plant fibers in the tropics, and animal intestines in the west.

Good quality bowel strings are made from the intestines of sheep, goats, lambs, but for more modest purposes, the intestines of a calf, rabbit or cat are also suitable. The material of the intestine is largely made up of muscle fibers, which explains its extreme flexibility. The intestines are cleaned, bleached, etc. after which they are cut into thin strips, then the amount of fiber corresponding to the desired diameter is twisted together, then dried, sanded and polished.

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The gut string was the most common type of string for millennia, and its replacement with plastic began in the mid-20th century. The strings made of nylon are equivalent in sound to the gut string, surpassing them in durability.

Metal strings also have a long history, using mainly copper or bronze for this purpose. Steel strings became widespread in the 19th century, first for the piano and then for the violin. During the 20th century, aluminum was also used to make strings.

The violin is the highest tuned, smallest member of the violin family of string instruments, with 4 strings tuned to a fifth distance. The group also includes the violin, or more commonly known as the viola, the cello (also known as the cello) and the double bass (also known as the cello).

The deepest string (which is actually the deepest sound on the violin) is the small G, followed by the single-line D, single-line A, and two-line E-strings.

Violin sheet music is usually written in a violin key (also known as a G-key).

Due to the increased demand for the instrument, it has become one of the most complex instruments requiring construction expertise, and the combination of careful craftsmanship and playing technique results in performance that exceeds the virtuosity of other string instruments as well as a wide range of dynamic performance. It is perhaps the most popular of the strings, but it is definitely the most common and sought-after instrument.

The present form of the violin developed around the 15th century. Its basic components are the sash system (sides), vaulted roof, front and back, neck, which ends in a screw, grip plate, string holder, legs, keys. Its shape and dimensions, designed according to the rules of the golden ratio, have become so perfect that the same construction is still used to this day.

The shape, construction, structural parts and decoration of the violin have practically not changed for 300 years, moreover, the composition of the glue used to join the parts and the stains and varnishes used for the surface treatment are the same.

The structure of the known violins is described in connection with Figure 1. The violin part is a housing 2 which is the resonator body of the violin. Its role is to take over the vibration of the strings and radiate it into space as sound. It has a characteristic hourglass shape when viewed from the front, and its tapered waist allows the stroke to move freely when any string is heard.

The upper panel of the housing 2 is the roof 4, which preferably consists of two pieces of spruce with a radial section symmetrically joined in the middle, carved into a slightly curved shape. This is the part of the instrument whose material, shape, thickness and workmanship determine the quality of the sound the most. This is matched in the middle by the foot 13, which is a particularly finely crafted component that transmits the vibration of the strings 14 to the roof. On both sides of the legs 13 are located symmetrically the so-called 10 flyucks, which on the one hand weaken the roof in such a way that the 13 feet can vibrate more freely, and on the other hand provide a certain degree of openness and sound gap to the cavity of the resonator body - 2 housings. THE

2122233 The roof is reinforced from the inside by a longitudinal slat, the bass beam, which runs slightly asymmetrically along the side facing the deep strings.

The body 2 is closed at the rear by the back 6, which is similar in design to the roof 4, the difference being that it is made of a harder material, maple, and has no holes or beams. It can be made in one piece or twisted in two symmetrical pieces like the 4 roofs.

The roof 4 is connected to the back by the side panels 5, which, due to the special shape of the violin, consists of six differently bent maple boards, which are capitals are fastened together. Inside the two edges, an adhesive strip runs along to increase the adhesive surface for fixing the roof 4 and the back 6. Attached to the lower capital is a hardwood button 24, to which is hung the string holder 9, which occasionally provides space for fine-tuners. This part fixes the player's end of the strings.

The soul of the violin is a small cylindrical chopstick made of spruce, which is located inside the instrument and is wedged roughly on the sound side of the 13 feet between the 4 roofs and the 6 back. It is not fixed with glue so that it can be gently changed by inserting it through the 10 f-hole with a special tool. When removed, the instrument is almost completely muted, but moving it by only one millimeter also causes a significant change in sound. This component is found in most types of stringed instruments, and its role is primarily to convert the vibrations of the strings 14 in a plane nearly parallel to the roof 4 into vibrations perpendicular to the roof, which the roof 4 can receive. It achieves this in such a way that it provides a relatively solid support, a hinge point, under one of the soles of the 13 feet, so that almost all the vibrational energy can be transmitted to the other sole, which can then be distributed over the entire roof through the bass beam.

The neck 1 fits into the upper capital of the housing 2, tilted slightly backwards relative to its longitudinal axis. It is made of mountain maple, the gripping plate 3 runs along its upper surface, which extends long above the roof 4. At the other end is the key cabinet 7 with the screw-shaped tuning head 8 and the keys 12. The violinist forms the pitches by pressing the strings onto the gripping plate 3, so that the neck 1 is carved into a shape that fits comfortably into the palm. The gripping plate 3 is made of ebony and has a slightly convex cross-section according to the curvature of the foot 13. At the distal end of the gripping plate 3 is the saddle 11, which forms one of the vibration endpoints of the strings 14.

The tuning head, which ends in a snail-shaped carving, also functions as the “handwriting” of the maker. This is so respected that if the neck 1 of a valuable instrument breaks down and needs to be replaced, the tuning head cut from the old one will also be built on the new 1 neck. The strings run from the saddle 11 into a trough-like recess into the key cabinet 7, where they are wound onto transversely inserted keys 12. They are turned from ebony or grenadyl wood, it is important that they fit into the holes of the head very precisely and conically, as the precise tunability of the instrument depends on it. The conicity is for fixing.

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In terms of raw materials, the roof, beam, soul, capitals and cabbage slats are made of coniferous spruce, while the back, cava, neck, key cabinet with snail and legs are made of medium-hard deciduous wood, mountain maple. Ebony wood is used to make the gripping sheet that is subjected to heavy use and wear. The keys, string holder, knob and chin holder can be made of rosewood, boxwood, ebony or other exotic wood.

The strings of the instrument are located between the string holder and the tuning head.

The design of a conventional string holder 9 is shown in Figure 2, which provides the lower attachment location for the strings 14. The string holder 9 is originally a hard metal blade with 4 at the upper wider end. There are 15 holes to which narrow notches (not shown) are attached towards their upper ends. The holes 15 and cuts defined for the strings 14 are quite narrow for easy winding and handling of the strings 14. The saddle of the known string holder 9 has a hemispherical rim. It is important that all parts of the string holder are rounded.

The string supports have been modified several times over the centuries. He made such a change e.g. Zahn, who tried to fasten the upper end of the string holder and made holes instead of cuts and fastened the strings through them with knots.

This served to increase the resistance of the string and to achieve regular vibrations.

Strings from a thick string were used to secure the 9 string holders to the button (see O. P. Apain Bennewiti: Basics of Violin Construction, Private Edition of the 1892 Hungarian Translation of Emh Friedr Voight, 2004).

Several solutions have been developed for the further development of string holders for stringed instruments. Such solutions are known from DE 19515166 A1, EP0242221 A2, DE 29712635 U1, US 5883318, DE 2845241 A1, WO 2012/150616. EP 0273499 A1. from a document.

EP 1260963 and HU 225320. patents disclose a string holder which, substantially retaining the shape of the string holders shown in Figure 2, is provided with a support body having a support structure for the strings of the instrument, the hook body having a hooked loop forming a hook for attaching the support body to the instrument. .

For easy use of the string holder, the holder is provided with an adjusting device for adjusting the distance of the apex of the hooked hook from the support body, where the adjusting device can be actuated from one end of the support body.

US 2012/0285311. In the case of the string holder described in U.S. Pat.

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U.S. Patent No. 2017/0278489 discloses a string holder primarily used for plucking an instrument, which is a multilayer hollow string holder, and the openings for receiving the strings are arranged along an arcuate side.

The tension of the strings is controlled with keys.

U.S. Pat. No. 2003/0217633. discloses a string holder for stringed instruments, which is located on the roof of the instrument and is fixed at its foot and is used to receive the lower part of the strings. The known string holder can be considered as a shorter version of the conventional string holder, where the elongated tapered leg part of the conventional string holder is omitted, the upper part of which is provided with holes for receiving the strings of the instrument.

The known solutions are on the one hand complicated in design and, on the other hand, vary according to the traditional string holders, but have no significant effect on the sound of the instrument.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a stringed instrument which is provided with a string holder which overcomes the disadvantages of the known solutions, provides easier handling and results in a significantly better, more enjoyable sound.

The invention is based on the recognition that the free movement of the resonator body and the strings can be increased by forming the curved shape of the conventional elongated parts of the string holder at different heights in the upper part of the string holder, thus making the sound of the instrument more sensitive. the resistance of the strings is greatly reduced and thus the resonance of the strings becomes controllable, and the operation and resonance of the strings of the instrument, which have different tensions, become balanced, which significantly increases the sound of the instrument.

The invention further recognizes that in the case of a stringed instrument with such a string holder, the length of each string is different and that due to the design of the string holder, the tension is more even with different lengths and thus the strings are easier to sound and sound.

The object according to the invention is achieved by a stringed instrument having: - a neck with a screw, - a body and body with a top plate forming a roof,

- there are strings between the neck screws and the string support in a tensioned state supported by the bridge, characterized in that the string support acting as a resonance regulator for the lower part of the strings is an upwardly expanding triangular asymmetrical body with a concave part towards the neck, the corners of the triangle are rounded, the lower end of the string holder has a hole for attaching the string holder to the bottom of the string instrument, the upper one towards the neck of the string holder

2122233 is provided with holes for receiving the ends of the strings along the curved part connecting the upper two peaks of the rain, and the strings between the screws of the neck and the curved parts of the string holder are of different lengths, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment of the string instrument according to the invention, the body of the string supports is a multilayer solid body formed of a core part, at least one reinforcing layer delimiting the core part in two parts and at least one cover layer delimiting the reinforcement layer on two sides. is: Ebony, Mahogany, Africa, Irico, Afrormosia, Cabreuva, Lapacho, Teak, Rosewood, Jatoba, Merbau, Mutenye, Wenge, Panga Panga, Kempas, bankirai, Khaya, the reinforcement layer (s) is at least one of the following: Kevlar, Carbon Fabric, Graphene.

In another preferred embodiment of the string instrument according to the invention, there is an adhesive connection between the layers of the multilayer body of the string holder, wherein the bonded layers are formed of a cyan-containing adhesive and / or a thermosetting resin adhesive.

In a further preferred embodiment of the string instrument according to the invention, the string support strings are provided with a bore edge breakage.

In a preferred embodiment of the string instrument according to the invention, the curved section connecting the ends of the curved part of the string holder receiving the strings is defined by a function defined by the following equation and value:

y = a + bx + cx ² + dx ³ + ex ⁴ + fx ⁵ xC [-12.96 ...; 20.84 ...]

Xa ya

the 0.000000000000000888 R ² -12.96831103 9,6360373 b 0.0163847606654536 aR ² -9.4331008 4,09804496 c 0,0326450466094223 P 0 0 d -0,000710668554553942 NEITHER 1,82034226 0,13460043 e 0,000083073284331152 F 13,57826781 6,70859988 f -0.000001250897129314 20,84428892 18,84923295

In another preferred embodiment of the stringed instrument according to the invention, there are also spacer element (s) movable up and down the strings between the bridge and the string holder, the spacer elements being of columnar shape with a groove for receiving the strings. .

In the case of the string instrument according to the invention, the length of the strings between the string holder and the neck screws is as follows, depending on the type of instrument:

2122233

The stringed instrument according to the invention and its string holder will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the

Figure 1 is a front (a) and side view (b) of a stringed instrument with a string support known per se, a violin;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the string holder shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side view of a stringed instrument according to the invention, in particular a violin, a

Figure 4 is a front view of the stringed instrument of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a string holder used in a string instrument according to the invention, a

Figure 6 is a front view of the string holder of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a rear view of the string holder of Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a plan view of the string holder of Figure 5;

Figure 9 is a bottom view of the string holder of Figure 5;

Figure 10 is a sectional view taken along line I -1 of Figure 5;

Figure 11 is a graph describing the upper portion of the string holder of Figure 5;

Figure 12 shows a spacer used in a stringed instrument according to the invention, a

Figure 13 is a side view of the spacer of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a front view of the spacer of Figure 12;

Figure 3 shows a side view of a stringed instrument according to the invention, in this case a violin.

The design of the stringed instrument according to the invention is essentially the same as that of the known instrument shown in Fig. 1, the design of the body 2 and the neck 3 as well as the body of the instrument not changing.

The role of the 13 feet is taken over by a bridge 25. However, the design of the string holder 16 at the bottom of the instrument is completely different from the known solutions, which will be described in detail later.

The string holder 16 receives the lower end of the strings 14 and the string holder 16 is attached to the leg 24 of the instrument at one point.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the stringed instrument of Fig. 3 with the strings indicated, with spacer member (s) 26 movable up and down the strings 14 in the portion between the string holder 16 and the bridge 25, which ) eliminates unwanted false sounds.

Note that the spacers 26 are optional and may be omitted.

A perspective view of the string holder 16 of the string instrument of the present invention is shown in FIG.

The string support 16 is an upwardly expanding asymmetric body with a longer upper right end symmetrical about its axis 17. The string holder 16 is substantially an arcuate triangular shape

2122233 is an asymmetrical body whose apex c terminates higher than apex b and the apexes b and c are connected by an arcuate portion 19 (see Fig. 6), which arcuate portion 19 gives the upper side of a lower string support which is concave in shape.

Below the string holder, there is an 18 holes above its lower end, through which the string instrument is the lower string holder - e.g. a violin is attached to its lower part, its 24 buttons (see Figure 3).

Note that a single hole is usually sufficient to secure the string support 16 to the instrument, but in some cases two perforations may be used. These can be through or hidden hole fixings.

Single-point recording has a more favorable effect on the co-vibration of the instrument. In the case of the known two-point fixation, said co-vibration can be reduced, as a result of which the vibration of the lower string length under the bridge 25 will be more dominant.

Along the curved portion 19 connecting the upper ends b and c of the string holder 16, there are 4 holes 20 for receiving strings 14 not shown here (see Figure 6), which holes 20 are provided with an edge break.

The string G is connected to the hole 20 below the tip b, the string E is connected to the hole 20 below the tip c, and the strings D and A are connected on both sides of the axis 17 along the 19-year-old part connecting the tips b and c.

Figure 7 shows a rear view of the string holder 16 of the string instrument according to the invention. It should be noted that, if the capabilities of the instrument allow, a lower string holder can be attached to the instrument in this form. Of course, in this case, the string G is fixed in the hole 20 below the highest vertex c of the lower string holder, while the string E is fixed in the apex b.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the string holder 16 and Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the string holder 16.

As shown in Figures 5-9. There are no sharp edges or corners along the side surface of the string holder 16, as all sides are rounded. It is noted that the body of the string support 16 may be convex or straight.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along line I-1 in Fig. 6;

The string support 16 is a multilayer solid body. The number of layers varies from 7 to 14 depending on the type of material used and the characteristics of the instrument.

In the case of the present embodiment, the string holder 16 is a violin string holder, wherein the string holder 16 consists of an inner core portion 21, a reinforcing layer 22, and a cover layer 23, wherein the inner core portion 21 is made of ebony. This core part 21 is surrounded on two sides by a reinforcing layer 22 - which is preferably surrounded by a Kevlar material 22 and then two reinforcing layers 23 of Eben, Mahogany, Afelia, Irico, Afrormosia, Cabreuva, Lapacho, Teak, It can be Rosewood, Jatoba, Merbau, Mutenye, Wenge, Panga Panga, Kempas, Bankirai, Khaya.

Carbon fabric and Graphene can be used instead of Kevlar reinforcement.

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The individual layers are bonded together using a cyanide-containing or thermosetting resin adhesive.

In the case of an instrument with a string holder 16, the string holder 16 is attached to the button 24 on the bottom of the instrument at only one point, as a result of which the string holder 16 may deflect relative to the strings 14.

The axis of deflection is parallel to the strings for violins, while the angle of deflection is preferably 3.7 ° for double bass and viola and 7.8 ° for cello.

This deflection has a positive effect on the sound of the instrument.

All. Fig. 5 is a view describing the curved part connecting the vertices b and c of the string support 16, which is a polynomial function:

y = a + bx + cx ² + dx ³ + ex ⁴ + fx ⁵ where y = 0.000000000000000888 + 0.0163847606654536x + 0.0326450466094223x ² + -0,000710668554553942x ³ + + 0.000083073284331152X ⁵ + ^{-0.0000012508971293} xC [-12.96 ...; 20.84 ...]

Xa ya

the 0.000000000000000888 R ² -12.96831103 9,6360373 b 0.0163847606654536 aR ² -9.4331008 4,09804496 c 0,0326450466094223 P 0 0 d -0,000710668554553942 NEITHER 1,82034226 0,13460043 e 0,000083073284331152 F 13,57826781 6,70859988 f -0.000001250897129314 20,84428892 18,84923295

Quadratic polynomial: (SSE = 0.547) xC [0.53]

-0.00938455 · x ² + 0.52331792 x-0.01674261

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Third degree polynomial: (SSE = 0.403 x € [0.53]

3,97677664 · 10 ' ⁵ · x ³ - 1,25425892 · 10' ² · x ² + 5,84860760 · 10 ' ¹ · x - 1,73194702 ΙΟ' ¹

Quadratic polynomial: (SSE = 0.106 xC [0.53] y = (4.24340772 10 ' ⁶ ) · x ⁴ - (4.07083511.1 O' ⁴ ) · x ³ + (1.98383363 10 ' ³ ) · x ² + (4.39330062 · 10 ¹ ) • x- (3,13336927 · 10 ' ² )

Matched measured points:

[x, y] = 0; 0

8; 3.3; 6.8; 7.3; 6.13

48; 3.12; 1.7

The values calculated for the fitted (x, y) points give the interval of the function that gives the 19 arc parts.

Note that the function describing the curved part 19 is also a family of parametric functions.

Returning to the design of the lower string support, as mentioned, there are no sharp corners or transitions, all sides are rounded and the 16 string support layers are “invisible” - similar to the string instrument itself, see Figure 1 - the outer part is covered with a may consist of pieces or even several pieces connected to each other.

Note that the string holder 16 can be mounted without fine-tuners in the home position, but fine-tuners can be fitted if necessary, taking into account the specifics of a particular instrument.

The string instrument according to the invention can also be provided with a spacer element (s) 26 which can be moved up and down between the strings 16 and the bridge 24 in order to fine-tune and eliminate possible false sounds (see Fig. 4).

The design of the spacer 26 is shown in Figures 12 and 14.

The spacer 26 is a substantially elongate columnar member having grooves 27 in the sides.

As can be seen from the design of the string holder 16 used in the string instrument of the present invention, the length of the strings differs from the instrument with conventional string holders (see Figure 1). The lower length of the string E connected to the 20 holes of the vertex C is the shortest, but some

2122233 The length of the strings of musical instruments differs from that of instruments of a given length and used with conventional string holders.

This results in significant sound differences and easier sound handling.

It will be appreciated that although the design of the instrument of the present invention and the string holder used have been described in terms of use on the violin, it may be used on any other stringed instrument where the length of the strings varies according to the particular instrument.

To draw string instruments on each instrument from the thick string to the thin one:

- violin: GDAE

- viola: CGDA

cello: CGDA or, in the case of a 5 - string baroque cello: CGDAE

- double bass: EADG

The string lengths used for the stringed instruments with 16 string holders according to the invention are summarized in the table below:

Table I.

Instrument The string is Full length String playing string length keys : (mm): after the bottom button braided part of metal to wind up the spinning (mm): upper braided part (mm): (mm): Violin G 510-680 10-30 400-500 100-150 D 580-700 10-30 470-520 100-150 THE 600-740 10-30 470-530 120-180 E 540-660 10-30 450-500 80-130 Viola C 645-795 15-35 530-600 100-160 G 685-820 15-30 540-620 130-170 D 735-835 15-35 570-620 150-180 THE 675-795 15-35 530-590 130-170 Cello C 1140-1235 40-60 960-1010 140-165 G 1150-1240 40-60 970-1020 140-160 D 1190-1290 40-60 970-1020 180-210 THE 1180-1260 40-60 950-980 190-220 Double bass E 1880-1950 50-70 1600-1630 230-250 THE 2020-2095 50-70 1640-1665 330-360 D 2050-2115 50-70 1650-1675 350-370 G 2010-2725 50-70 1650-1675 310-340

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Advantages of the string holder used in the string instrument according to the invention:

- act as resonance regulators,

- for greater reverberation and a wider range of sounds,

- although the sound tone itself is not much longer than in the case of known string holders, a much richer and more dynamic sound can be achieved with the appropriate traction technique, it gives the impression that the sound could be adjusted with an extra 'layer' of vibration range,

- makes everyday use of musical instruments more enjoyable,

- the resistance of the semitones during the instrumental playing decreases, becomes more balanced, allows a greater difference in volume,

- the vibration of the lower string under the bridge helps to create a new frequency range, and for the "boo" found on almost all high-quality string instruments, the point of unbalance can be played, its natural vibration incompatibility is resolved or completely eliminated,

- during the playing of the instrument, the sound of the instrument is clearly easier to play, which is manifested mainly in the more flexible movement of the urine pressure in the left hand and in the vibration of the right hand (traction),

- the subsequent vibration of the sound already in play with the left hand (vibrato) becomes more dynamic - the spectrum of vibration becomes wider - it shows an unprecedented surplus, opens a completely new perspective in sound production and can develop the instrumental playing in a new direction,

- makes it easier and more audible for the learner to tune the instrument during teaching on stringed instruments.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A stringed instrument having - a neck with a screw (8) (1), - a body (4) with a top plate (4) forming a roof, - a preferably multi-layered string holder (16) attached to the bottom of the instrument, a bridge (25), and - there are strings (14) in the tensioned state supported by the bridge (25) between the screws (8) of the neck (1) and the string support (16), characterized in that the string support ( 14) an upwardly expanding triangular asymmetrical body, the part of which towards the neck (1) is concave, the corners of the triangle being rounded, at the lower end (a) of the string holder (16) for attaching the string holder (16) to the bottom of the stringed instrument has a serving hole (18), provided with holes (20) for receiving the ends of the strings (16) along the upper curved part (19) connecting the upper two peaks (b, c) of the string support (16) towards the neck (1), and the strings (14) between the screws (8) of the neck (1) and the curved portions (19) of the string holder (16) have different lengths, respectively. A stringed instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of the string holders (16) is a multilayer solid body comprising a core part (21), at least one reinforcing layer (22) delimiting the core part (21) and a reinforcing layer ( 23) is formed of a covering layer (23) of at least one layer delimiting on two sides. String instrument according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core part (21) of the string holder (16) is made of at least one of the following wood materials: Ebony, Mahogany, Afelia, Irico, Afrormosia, Cabreuva, Lapacho, Teak, Rosewood, Jatoba, Merbau, Mutenye, Wenge, Panga Panga, Kempas, Bankers, Khaya. String instrument according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the reinforcing layer (s) W of the string holder (16) is one of the following materials: Kevlar, carbon fabric, Graphene. m w - Hl · SZTNH100314571 5. Figures 1-4. String instrument according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there is an adhesive connection between the parts of the string holder (16), the core part (21), the reinforcing layer (s) (22) and the cover layer (s) (23). String instrument according to Claim 5, characterized in that the glued connection between the parts of the string holder (16) is an glued connection consisting of a cyan-containing adhesive and / or a thermosetting resin adhesive. 7. Figures 1-6. A stringed instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the string receiving holes (20) of the string holder (16) are provided with an edge break. 8. Figures 1-7. A stringed instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the curved section connecting the vertices (b, c) of the upper curved part (19) receiving the strings (14) is defined by a function defined by the following equation and value: y = a + bx + cx ² + dx ³ + ex ⁴ + fx ⁵ x € [-12.96 ...; 20.84 ...] Xa y _a a 0.000000000000000888 R ² -12.96831103 9.6360373 b 0.0163847606654536 aR ² -9.4331008 4.09804496 c 0.0326450466094223 P 0 0 d -0,000710668554553942 SE 1,82034226 0,13460043 e 0 , 000083073284331152 F 13.57826781 6.70859988 f -0.000001250897129314 20.84428892 18.84923295 String instrument according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are also spacer element (s) (26) which can be moved up and down the strings (14) between the bridge (25) and the string support (16). . String instrument according to Claim 9, characterized in that it has a column-shaped spacer element (s) with a groove (27) for receiving the string (16) on their sides. 11. Figures 1-10. For a stringed instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length of the strings (14) between the string holder (16) and the screws (8) of the neck (1) is as follows, depending on the type of instrument: 2122233 Table I. Instrument The string is Full length String playing string length key management: (mm): after the bottom button braided part of metal winding the spinning (mm): upper braided part (mm): (mm): Violin G 510-680 10-30 400-500 100-150 D 580-700 10-30 470-520 100-150 THE 600-740 10-30 470-530 120-180 E 540-660 10-30 450-500 80-130 Viola C 645-795 15-35 530-600 100-160 G 685-820 15-30 540-620 130-170 D 735-835 15-35 570-620 150-180 THE 675-795 15-35 530-590 130-170 Cello C 1140-1235 40-60 960-1010 140-165 G 1150-1240 40-60 970-1020 140-160 D 1190-1290 40-60 970-1020 180-210 THE 1180-1260 40-60 950-980 190-220 Double bass E 1880-1950 50-70 1600-1630 230-250 THE 2020-2095 50-70 1640-1665 330-360 D 2050-2115 50-70 1650-1675 350-370 G 2010-2725 50-70 1650-1675 310-340 m M w η H