HU227580B1 - Apparatus for measurement of heating value - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating value determination apparatus determines heating value of tested material from heat balance of heat insulated boiler determined based on quantity of heat exchanged by heat exchanger from water heated in heat insulated boiler measured using warm water thermometer, cold water thermometer, volume flow meter and microprocessor controlled calorimeter, output of flue gas temperature meter and output of digital balance provided with propane gas cylinder connected to gas burner.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new apparatus for the determination of M-highly heterogeneous fuels, wastes, rubbish, biomass heating. which at the same time is capable of experimentally determining and controlling the optimal values of combustion engineering and environmental parameters.

With the development of industrialized countries, economic development is generating an increasing amount of combustible waste from residential, industrial and other sources with a calorific value. In the Member States of the European Community, wastes containing significant quantities of combustible components, which cannot be recycled in the production and consumption process, are preferably disposed of by means of gasification or incineration instead of landfilling. The physical consistency, material, chemical composition of the burnt feathers to be burned and thus the useful heat content vary greatly, which makes it difficult to ensure the conditions for good, environmentally friendly burning. Knowledge of the amount of heat released during incineration is essential for sizing the combustion plant or for determining the accounting value of the recoverable heat received.

In principle, the calorific value of wastes, rubbish or other heterogeneous fuels can be determined by calorimetry (MSZ 24000/1 H-O). However, its calorimeters are limited to small grams of fine powdered material produced by grinding, so that. wastes with high heterogeneity of materials, highly heterogeneous material and waste, a. can be determined with a larger error than allowed. Primarily the most diverse range of grain and grain. of crushed stone scrap material of a bulk and material composition a

-ώ. ♦ ♦ »· -« - «♦ ♦ * * ♦« ψ ♦ * X * * * * ♦> »* ·« «·« * «* ♦ · * * ♦: * · * Representative Analysis Difficulties in sample preparation - grinding, Immogenization - cause an almost insoluble task, Although the measurement of the cabimeter is theoretically very accurate, it requires a lot of time measurement to determine the accuracy of the sample flap, and it does not require the exact mass ratio of each combustible component or only with an unacceptable error,

The operating principle of the apparatus according to the invention is based on the recognition that the white matter and optimum firing parameters of heterogeneous particulate materials are in the order of gram accuracy (a few kilograms or a few times a kilogram) instead of the standard grams of conventional laboratory By burning a sample prepared with minimum shredding, significantly more reliable measurement data can be obtained,

The main units of the equipment:

- the sluice-gate boiler, equipped with a gas-fired boiler with an ignition-support gas burner;

a primary water circuit equipped with a heat exchanger, a flow meter, a circulation pump with thermometers, a heat meter;

- ejector flue gas extractor;

- stepless (electronic) draft regulator;

- instruments for measuring the quantity and temperature of the flue gas and its composition,

The apparatus according to the invention is two. 1 and 2, where ♦ «« X * * *

X »* * X * * ♦ *

X * a Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the calorific value determination apparatus.

a Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a continuous thermal power controlled version of the caliper value determining device.

The equipment Figure 1. For example, the TOT'YA 20, which is widely used in Hungary, is particularly suitable for this purpose. The boiler is supplemented with a dosing tray 18 with a self-closing door 3 welded from sheet steel and a heat insulating cover 17. The function of the hopper is to provide, as quickly as possible, minimal heat loss - to a relatively large volume of large combustible material and waste; garbage can be sent to the boiler. In order to hermetically dispense the material to be burned, the slider feeder 18 has a horizontally movable manually operated slide 25 and a vertical hinged door 26.

On the lower door 2 of the boiler, the ignition and burner support gas burner 19, which facilitates its normal operation, is provided and is readily available from a fuel specialist shop. The energy of the support burner is the PB gas, measured in 21 digital scales, available in 20 bottles. The solids, ash, and slag remaining after the combustion are collected in the slag collecting vessel 23.

The measurement is experimental in nature and is advisable for the generation, storage or disposal of waste. site, where a built-in chimney is usually not available, therefore, a flue gas exhaust fan 9 fed with a rotary fan 10 for supplying the flue gas to the chimney 8 is connected to the boiler flue pipe. flowing through pipe sections (configurator, mixing chamber, blower, outlet), but.

* · ♦ «*« ♦ X- * ♦ X X χ * * ♦ «·» X »*» χχψχ ♦ * + * ♦

V * .φ ♦ «« * does not pass through a fan, which makes it safer, has a significantly longer service life, and uses the Fero principle to suck up the boiler's crush, thus preventing any leaking overhead. The fan-driven electric motor is fed from a frequency converter 11, which allows precise, infinitely variable flow control of the air flow to the ejector, and thereby the volume flow of the draft and the intake combustion air.

The primary water circuits of the boiler consist of a series-connected circulation pump 14, a water-to-water or water-air heat exchanger 12, and an electric hot water volumetric meter 13. The flow capacity of the circulating pump can be controlled by changing the number of revolutions of the motor. The temperature of the water leaving the boiler is measured by 4 hot water thermometers and the temperature of the cooled primary water recycled to the boiler by 15 cold water thermometers. An electrical signal of the difference between the measured temperature of the water entering and leaving the boiler and the volume flow rate is passed to a 24 microprocessor heat meter, which is the instantaneous heat drawn from the boiler by the primary water circuit, and. calculates the total amount for the duration of the measurement directly. From the microprocessor heat meter, the input data are water temperatures and their difference, circulating water volumetric flow), and the calculated results (instantaneous heat flow, total heat delivered by water during firing) are available over time.

To measure the quantity, quality and temperature data of the flue gas, a .4 41 measuring section is installed between the boiler and the flue gas ejector. The measuring section consists of 7 Vermrri rain gauges with 16 differential pressure gauges, 5 flue gas analyzers and 6 flue gas temperature gauges. The fly ash is separated from the flue gas by 22 cartridges which can be easily welded from stainless steel sheet.

2. The embodiment differs from the one shown in Fig. L in that the variable speed screw feeder 27, which is mounted in place of the sluice feeder hopper 18, is continuously controlled by the heat output of the device. The 27 variable speed screw feeders are manufactured in series and are commercially available.

During the test, the mass of the incinerated waste, the amount of LPG burned by the incendiary gas burner, the amount of heat passed through the heat exchanger, the chemical composition, temperature, volume, pressure and temperature of the ambient air and the amount of combustible components of the slag measured. Based on these data, the principal value of the test substance can be calculated from the boiler balance.

The apparatus according to the invention is preferably used for measuring the land value, ash content, combustion exhaust gas content and chemical composition of combustible flue gas mixtures, wastes, biomass, rubbish, or other heterogeneous combustible materials, as well as the specific air volume required for combustion. . Solids (hatna, slag, fly ash) remaining after combustion are suitable for determining their chemical and mineral composition. The principal value of highly heterogeneous combustible materials with this apparatus can be determined in a much shorter time, with less measurement effort and greater accuracy than conventional calorimeters. By increasing the mass of the fired materials, ie longer burning time, the measurement results can be made more and more accurate.

The equipment does not require any additional laboratory equipment, operates reliably under normal industrial and other conditions, and for a longer period of time.

Λ V * * ♦ ♦ * A «*» * «» «« «♦» ♦ «* ♦»! ♦ # ψ> «« «X χ« χ X X ♦ X «* ♦ <χ X # can also be used for heating. In this case, the heat exchanger of the primary water circuit should be eliminated from the male circuit, since heat dissipation replaces it * The apparatus can only be used to determine the running value of liquids, paste-like materials, waste gases,

Claims (2)

Patent Claims 1. Equipment · for determining the calorific value and combustion parameters of solid, heterogeneous fuel assemblies, household and industrial wastes, biomass, with a heat-insulating boiler, a flue gas regulator, a primary water meter for boiler cooling, and measuring the temperature and characterized in that the sluice-gate feeder * connected to the upper part of the boiler (1) for supplying the substances to be tested into the combustion chamber is for extracting the flue gases from the boiler and. with combustion air aspirator (9), ejector-powered frequency converter (11), variable speed fan] (firing), flue gas chimney (8), flue gas flue gas selector (22), flue gas meter (22), , with flue gas analyzer (5), flue gas flow venturi venturi (7) with larger and narrow gauge differentials with pressure gauge (16), boiler closed primary water flow thermometer (4), heat exchanger (12), cold water thermometer (15), equipped with a meter (13), a microprocessor heat meter (24), a circulating pump (14), a collecting gas burner (19), and a slag collecting vessel (23). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular sluice feeder has a self-closing door (3), a horizontally movable manually operated slider (25) and a vertical sluice door (26).