HU225476B1

HU225476B1 - Process and equipment for drying granular materials, especially agricultural crops-cereals with air-flow in a dryer gravitational transport of materials

Info

Publication number: HU225476B1
Application number: HU0303405A
Authority: HU
Inventors: Peter Dr Francsics
Original assignee: Peter Dr Francsics
Priority date: 2003-10-16
Filing date: 2003-10-16
Publication date: 2006-12-28
Also published as: HUP0303405A2; HU0303405D0

Abstract

A találmány tárgya eljárás és berendezés szemcsés anyagok, elsősorbanmezőgazdasági termények (gabonafélék) szárítására. A találmányszerinti eljárást az jellemzi, hogy a szárító- és hűtőlevegőt aszárítóér hűtőtérben egyaránt vertikálisan átvezetik az egyenleteselosztású függőleges, zsaluelemes légcsatornákban (3, 3a, 4a, 4b,)úgy, hogy a gravitációs anyagmozgáshoz képest az alsó légbevezetésénél(2) a szárítózóna (HSZL) teljes magasságában a légcsatornákbanellenáramban, vagy középső légbevezetésnél (2a) a felső szárítózónában(HSZL1) ellen-, az alsó szárítózónában pedig egyenárambanáramoltatják, míg a hűtőlevegőt ugyancsak függőleges, zsaluelemeslégcsatornákban (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) mindkét változatnál, az alsóhűtőlevegő-bevezetés miatt ellenáramban áramoltatják át a hűtőzónafüggőleges zsaluelemes légcsatornáin (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) és a hűtés utánfelmelegedve vagy az alsó, vagy a középső légbevezetésnél a vízszinteslégcsatornán (2, 2a) át a szárítólevegőbe vezetik be. A találmányszerinti eljárást másrészt az jellemzi, hogy a szárító- és hűtőlevegőta szárító- és hűtőtérben egyaránt vertikálisan átvezetik az egyenleteselosztású függőleges, zsaluelemes légcsatornákban (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c)úgy, hogy a gravitációs anyagmozgáshoz képest az alsó légbevezetésénél(2) a szárítózóna (HSZL) teljes magasságában a légcsatornákban (3)ellenáramban, vagy középső légbevezetésnél (2a) a felső szárítózónában(HSZLI) ellen-, az alsó szárítózónában pedig egyenárambanáramoltatják, míg a hűtőlevegőt ugyancsak függőleges, zsaluelemeslégcsatornákban (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) mindkét változatnál, az alsóhűtőlevegő-bevezetés miatt ellenáramban áramoltatják át a hűtőzónafüggőleges zsaluelemes légcsatornáin (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, ) és a hűtés utánfelmelegedve vagy az alsó, vagy a középső légbevezetésnél a vízszinteslégcsatornán (2 2.a) át a szárítólevegőbe vezetik be. A találmányszerinti berendezést az jellemzi, hogy a levegővel átáramoltatottszárító-(HSZL) és hűtőtér (HLH) szárító-alapegységekből áll, amelyeknevezetesen 1 db levegőt bevezető négyzet keresztmetszetű függőleges,zsaluelemes légcsatornához (3), attól adott távolságra elhelyezkedő 4db 1/4-négyzet keresztmetszettel rendelkező, levegőt elvezető,függőleges, zsaluelemes légcsatornái vannak. ÓThe present invention relates to a method and apparatus for drying granular materials, in particular agricultural crops (cereals). The method according to the invention is characterized in that the drying and cooling air in the drying chamber of the drying chamber is vertically conveyed in the uniformly distributed vertical ductwork ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) such that the drying zone (HSZL) at the lower air inlet (2) relative to the gravitational material movement ) at full height in the duct flow or in the middle air intake (2a) in the upper drying zone (HSZL1) and in the lower drying zone in the DC flow, while the cooling air is also in the vertical ductwork air ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) in both versions, the lower cooling air intake because they flow through counterflow ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) of the cooling zone vertically in the counter current, and cooling is introduced either to the lower air channel or to the central air inlet through the horizontal air channel (2, 2a) to the drying air. The method according to the invention is also characterized in that the drying and cooling air in both the drying and cooling rooms is vertically guided in the uniformly distributed vertical ductwork ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c) such that at the lower air inlet (2) relative to the gravitational material movement at the full height of the drying zone (HSZL) in the air ducts (3) in the counterflow or in the middle air intake (2a) in the upper drying zone (HSZLI) and in the lower drying zone in the DC flow, while the cooling air is also in the vertical ductwork air ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) ) in both variants, due to the cold air intake flow through the cooling zone vertical ductwork ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b) and cooling is fed to either the lower or middle air inlet through the horizontal air duct (2 2.a) to the drying air in. The apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the air flow through the drying dryer (HSZL) and the cooling chamber (HLH) consists of drying base units, namely 1 air intake square cross-section for vertical shuttered ductwork (3) with a distance of 4 pieces of 1/4 square cross-section. have air ducting, vertical, ductwork ducts. HE

Description

The scope of the description is 20 pages (including 7 pages)

EN 225 476 Β1 in a counter current in the lower dryer (H _R717 ) in direct current, or

c) in the horizontal duct on the upper part of the drying chamber (H _SZL ) with the flow of material, direct current, and cooling air at the bottom of the freezer (H _th ), and then the air stream in the countercurrent flow is cooled to the drying air.

The invention further relates to a device consisting of a drying base unit (H) and a cooling chamber (H _L h), which are air-flow- _dried , and which are 4 pieces located at a distance from the air intake vertical ductwork (3).

They are equipped with air channel ducts (4c) with vertical sectional elements (4c) for extracting air of 1/4 square cross-section, and max. The horizontal air ducts (2) assisting the drying of the surface heat loss in the material to be dried with a 60 ° peak angle, and which ducts (2) are connected to vertical ductwork ducts (3) which introduce the drying air into the crop set, which is the upper part of the ducts (3) in the pre-storage space. (H _ET ) with inserted plate cone elements max. 60 ° - is closed.

The present invention relates to a method for drying granular materials, particularly agricultural products, by hot air using a vertical air transfer method for drying and cooling air in either a tower or a longitudinal line gravitational material movement, as well as a device for forming a method having a cross-sectional shutter cassette element. with side wall vertical ducts in a square grid with diagonal arrangement, evenly filled drying and cooling space.

It is known that the artificial drying of cereals was required by the spreading of crushed corn harvesting using a reaping threshing machine used in large-scale industrial maize production. At that time, the installation and practical application of ophthalmic dryers was realized in 30 countries - in the early 1970s. Convective heat (convection) drying is used almost exclusively for grain crops worldwide and in domestic practice, where the flow of drying fluid 35 transmits heat energy to the drying particulate material, and then the evaporating water from the crop surface is absorbed by the flowing gaseous drying medium and transported to the environment. . (Zsolt Fonyó - György Fábry: Drying Equipment. 40 In: Basic Chemical Engineering, National Tankel Publisher, Budapest, 1998, p. 933-966).

According to the design of the ophthalmic driers, two characteristic basic variations can be distinguished: gravity-driven towel dryers 45 and forced-bed tray dryers. In addition to our knowledge of material handling, so far, according to the method of contact with the drying air, further construction solutions are known. (Imre L., ed., Drying Manual. Technical Publisher, Budapest, 50, 1974, pp. 1022-1039).

Known Solutions

I. Various solutions are also available for designing the drying area of towers with gravitational material handling. 55

1. vertical shafts of rectangular cross-section are known, in which the crop is located in a vertical layer or layers between different walls of different structure. The page walls can be:

- wire mesh or perforated sheet walls, 60

- slotted slabs: where outside the slots are a plate wall, inside there is a perforated plate, and slots are displaced on the outer and inner walls.

2. Circular cross-sectional vertical shaft shafts: the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of which are made of perforated sheet.

3. Plate pits with cross-channel ducts, wherein the cross-air ducts are horizontally-mounted ducted horizontal channel channels arranged in half-channel displacement, for example, alternately with air inlet and air outlet.

II. Horizontal or slightly slanted perforated trays in multi-tiered design with scratch-resistant conveyors, plus vibration or pneumatic material handling. Breathable steel and plastic fabric conveyors are also known in the form of overhead construction, so-called tray and tape dryers.

III. Rotary tumble dryers, which are now mainly used for drying green fodder cut in agriculture - alfalfa flour and pellet production plants - or leached sugar beet slices, can be considered for drying certain fruits.

ARC. Garbage Container Dryers: where the drying of grain corn in a storeroom with a relatively low humidity (<21%), with several meters of layer thickness, is done by flowing hot air in the storage compartment or in the drying compartment of the storage tower. After drying, the available space functions as a storage.

Compared to equipment with forced chain lifting, the gravitational material handling makes it possible to create simpler and more powerful dehumidifiers.

The most widespread are gravity trenching, shovel-blade air duct dryers, where the drying and cooling compartment, depending on performance, will require hundreds of horizontal air ducts to distribute the drying air in the shaft space. The material to be dried is located in the space between the ducts of the drying chamber.

Half of the number of horizontal crossbones is evenly distributed in the distribution of the drying air

EN 225 476 Β1, while the other half, after taking in the water vapor, directs the dehumidified drying air to the environment or to a closed air chamber. Connecting cross sections of the air intakes for air intake - mouths - are connected to a common hot air main channel or chamber from which hot air fans may supply fans, in compressed or suction mode, with air flow (János Beke - János Várkonyi - Attila Vas: Agricultural crops Mg. Riado, Budapest, 1985, p. 422).

One of the embodiments of a gravitational material dryer having a rectangular cross-section with a perforated internal perforated wall is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,249,891.

As is apparent from the arrangement according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,891, a cross section of the dryer typically has a vertical hot air main channel. The relatively large volume of the exhaust air chamber used in the dryer space - a central air duct or air chamber, which is a separate structural component outside the crop set - and the environmentally friendly aspects of collecting dust, bitter impurities reduces the charge level of the dehumidifier, thereby reducing unit output per unit volume and, as appropriate. increases the specific investment cost.

In the drying and cooling area of the air duct system, the achievable charge level is 0.75-0.85, but taking into account the hot air main channel and air chambers this value decreases to 0.5 ... 0.6. The horizontal crop layer tray, for tape dryers, varies from 0.4 to 0.55 depending on the variable material thickness; In the high-performance versions of circular cross-sectional tower cutters, 0.2 to 0.3 degrees of charge can be expected.

The air ducts, some of which distribute the drying medium in the crop set, and the other, provide the damp air from the drying compartment - a curved, bottom-open triangle or roof cross section. Due to their small cross-sections and the required amount of drying medium, these passages generate a high air velocity that "classifies" (squeezes) smaller material parts from the slow-flowing crop to the air ducts. The grading of the crop is also disadvantageous from the point of view of the drying operation and the operational safety. In addition, the inequalities in the distribution of air through the lower horizontal cross-section of the air ducts can be confirmed by both model and operational measurements. This results in a significant difference in humidity along the length of the ducts, especially in ducts longer than 1 m, in the dryer space. [Suller A.-Tóth Á. (DATE): Results of Flow Diagnostics of Acne System Dryers Well. And Heads. Consultation, Gödöllő, Jan. 1984 31 to February. 1, Publication, p. Francsics P. (PATE): Determination of the distribution of drying air in a B1-15 grain opener using a small sample model. Well. And Heads. deliberation,

Gödöllő, Jan. 1984 31 to February. 1, Publication, p. 22]. The use of flow-correcting elements in constant cross-sectional ducts or the use of variable cross-sectional air ducts to increase the distribution of the drying air is used to improve the distribution of the drying air. The latter solution - in view of the hundreds of air ducts required in a given installation - means a more complex production process.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a vertical duct dryer that has no external air chambers and a closed outer wall directly adjacent to the material to be dried, so that an environmentally friendly tower or longitudinal, vertical and countercurrent material-air passage is an energy-saving grain dryer. In addition, for displaying the embodiment, the invention is characterized by a square mesh and a diagonal

- required as a geometric arrangement

- elaboration of a design-calculation method due to the cross-sectional dimension of vertical ducts that can be selected in the larger size range.

There are drying units (cell spaces) in the dryer, which can be assembled horizontally or in series (x) or xy, and vertically, in the z direction without any internal side walls (boundary walls).

In the center line of the drying unit there is a space for the vertical flow of the drying air and its introduction into the particulate set (air distribution): the drying air space, which can be a duct with breathable openings (shutters). The drying air space is surrounded by a layer of particulate material with a defined layer thickness; the granular material space.

Space for receiving damp air as the outside of the dryer unit, also for vertical flow and drainage: the damp airspace, equipped with air vents (shutters) - divided according to the number of sides of the drying air space

- air ducts (the total cross-section of which is equal to the cross-section of the drying air space).

The individual compartments are separated by air-permeable structural elements, between which the drying gas (air) flows and together form the drying cell space. In addition, the horizontal, closed side air duct of the air supply is connected to the vertical drying air space. In addition to the humid air space, a horizontal duct is also connected to drain the humid air from the drying cell compartment, which together form the cooling unit to complement the dryer base unit.

By constructing the drying base units, an interior space is formed in the structure of the drying apparatus, which, depending on the degree of filling, is made up of interdependent dimensions of air and material as a structural space and a defined air flow system.

According to the invention, the granular material in the dryer has a vertical square cross-section with a gravitational motion - according to a possible appearance - with a shutter-side wall - a shutter cassette element.

HU 225 476 Β1 runs through the air, and the drying air flows in the interior of the same ducts - using the lower air intake - from the bottom up.

After absorbing moisture, the damp air also flows upwards in vertical air ducts into a common, horizontal collecting duct or ducts, leaving it to the environment, so that without a separate sheathing, a simpler design allows the discharge and separation of the polluting mite.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the obstruction-free side walls of the vertical air ducts are made of square cross section sealed cassette elements. Half of the number of vertical air ducts - in a straight line in a row - is used to supply and distribute the drying air of the specified temperature, while the other half is also arranged in a row arrangement to receive the humidified air flowing through the grain layer and into a common horizontal collecting duct.

The cross-section of vertical ducts for dehumidifying the dehumidified air can be 4 channels of 1/4 square cross-section according to the invention if one of the square ductwork is provided. This arrangement - a cross-section - forms a dryer base unit. In the case of a plurality of inlet vertical ductwork, depending on the number of inlet air ducts, which always have a full square cross-section, the drainage ducts with 1/2 and full square cross-sections are distributed evenly between the inlet ducts at the 4 1/4 square cross-sections. The 1/4 cross-sections are located at the four corners of the delimiting side walls, and the cross sections 1/2 are located directly adjacent to the boundary side walls, and are integral with them. Thus, the geometric arrangement of the inlet and outlet ducts of the vertical shutter-side surface, consisting of shutter cassette elements, in short, is a diagonal arrangement of the drying and cooling compartment in a square grid.

In a quadrant enclosed by the outer side walls of the rectangular cross-section, there are less than a number of vertical ductwork ducts, evenly distributed, than the number of ducts in the known duct air dryers. The cross-sectional dimension of the ductwork can be selected within a larger size range, so that a high degree of charge (0.6 ... 0.8) can be created along with the horizontal air supply for the total dryer volume.

In the dryer according to the invention, the material thickness is as follows:

The thickness of the layer in the height direction of the material between the shutter walls - due to the angle of the shutter, is min. and max. changes between the values. Indicated for the angle α enclosing vertical damper element surface in the horizontal plane zsalurésméretet distance b between ₀ with and opposing formwork side surfaces, the outer edge is the with _0, structural dimensions: a = a ₀ + b _0th

At the chosen arrangement of the opposing shutter cassette elements - the shutter elements are shifted in a vertical direction with 1/2 element height - the layer thickness change is the smallest, the average layer thickness will be ± bo / 2.

According to the invention, the vertical ducts in the drying and cooling compartments of the same construction and arrangement allow the direct connection of the air space of the cooling compartment with the air flow of the drying compartment. The use of the heat content of the heated cooling air in the drying compartment, the introduction of the cooling air into the drying compartment, is made possible by the use of vertical air ducts for the construction of horizontal air ducts or ducts for the introduction and distribution of hot drying air. The space between the double jacket in these ducts accepts the cooling air that has warmed up after cooling and then, in the space around the duct wall, after the upward flow of the cooling air, into the hot air entering the central space of the horizontal duct.

The horizontal air duct or ducts are located at the bottom of the drying space, between the dryer and the cooling chamber, and are therefore referred to as a lower air intake dryer space. In the horizontal duct, a mixture of heated cooling air and hot air coming from the heat generator is distributed over the longitudinal air duct and introduced into the appropriate number of vertical ducted duct surfaces. The uniformity of the air supply to the vertical ducts, which are connected in series to the horizontal ducts, is facilitated by an air baffle placed in the horizontal duct interior, with a predetermined angle of inclination, which creates a decreasing cross-section in the direction of the air duct and thus the uniformity of the air distribution.

In the space surrounding the horizontal ducts that feed the hot air, the grain is placed without air flow, which is a favorable condition for drying technology, and the hot surfaces of the ducts do not come into contact with the external ambient space and better heat recovery can be achieved. Due to the gravitational flow of material around and around the horizontal ducts, slow crop progression is achieved, therefore the cross-sectional profile of the air ducts is diamond or hexagonal, depending on the size of the required air flow, and max. It has 60 ° high angle boundary surfaces.

In the space between the horizontal air duct and the external duct to feed the drying air, there is a particulate material set in the space, therefore, due to the volume of the useful material contained in the air supply space, the charge level relative to the entire equipment is not reduced.

The vertical air ducts that absorb and drain the humid air are also connected to the horizontal ducts in a row arrangement at the top of the dryer. Dimensions and crosses of these ducts4

EN 225 476 Β1 has the same shape and cross-section as the horizontal air ducts that introduce hot air. In the space surrounding the upper horizontal air ducts that lead to humid air, the grain is also left without airflow. On the one hand - due to the drying temperature of the drying room - as well as the surface temperature of the air ducts and contact heat transfer, it acts as a preheating space, which is a favorable condition for drying. In the pre-heat preheating space, the heat content of the leaving humid air is passed through the grain grid through the conduit through the drainage horizontal duct wall. Depending on the temperature of the incoming grain, condensation may occur under certain climatic conditions (and due to good heat recovery). The resulting condensate liquid is discharged from the duct by a water droplet shield, a water droplet duct flange formed at the connection of the vertical ducts, and a common condensate line.

There are also horizontal air ducts for cooling air supply in the lower part of the refrigerator compartment - the vertical shutter air ducts for supplying air at ambient temperature. The cross-section of these ducts due to the less cooling air requirement is smaller than the horizontal air ducts that introduce the hot air, therefore the cross-section of the air duct or air ducts introducing the cooling air, having regard to the grain flow, is a closed-surface equilateral triangle.

The functional units of the lower air grain grain dryer according to the invention, in which the grain crop passes through the drying, in the direction of the gravitational material movement, are as follows:

- a pre-heating space with horizontal air ducts, which serves to drain the humid air and pre-heat the grain through heat transfer during pre-storage;

- a drying chamber with vertical ductwork ducts, which forms a flow through the drying air;

- an air intake with a horizontal air duct which, at the same time, forms a temperature compensating (tempering) space for the particulate material;

- a cooling chamber with vertical air ducts flowing through cooling air;

- a cooling air supply with lower horizontal ducts, which also serves to balance the space and cooling temperature without air flow in the grain crop;

- a crop hopper having a draining rate to adjust the residence time of the material to be dried in the drying and cooling chamber.

The functional parts of the dryer are cross-sectioned from the outside, in rectangular form, without the use of a separate casing, the grain is surrounded by a direct closed side wall, so the environment is protected from dust and fluff without separate air chambers, and dust, mild with the exhaust air. in a duct - in a concentrated way - into a settling room.

In the cross-section of the apparatus, the vertical geometric arrangement of the vertical shut-off ducts in a square grid divides the drying and cooling areas of the present invention into dryer base units (drying room, horizontal air inlet and outlet space, and a cooling chamber) which, with the use of a building cube, create and dry different floor units and volumes. By means of its construction, it allows the design of a dryer family based on drying units.

Depending on the number of dryer base units and their location, the present invention makes it possible to construct an outdoor tower or longitudinal section with a higher construction height, with a smaller arrangement of lower height units. Longitudinal (serial) dryers can be installed in a covered space due to the lower construction height and the closed design of the drying and cooling rooms.

The structural design of the vertical duct dryer provided by the lower drying air supply according to the invention allows for the construction of a device for the more efficient use of drying and cooling air, with a reduced degree of structural change.

A more efficient use of the drying air in the lower half of the air-flow drying space is achieved by a double flow of a portion of the drying air volume flow. According to the invention, the bottom of the length of the vertical air ducts introducing the drying air is approx. At a height of 1/4, a shut-off element having a small cross-sectional dimension is placed in the air stream in a cross section of an inner square of a shutter, and a through-pipe of a certain length with a cross-section is connected thereto. The partial air closure generating flow element draws a portion of the drying air at a height dependent on the installation - the vertical crop layer between the shutter-side air ducts, and the other part of the air-flow flow through the cross-section of the conduit into the same vertical duct interior into the upper part of the drying space. At the same time, the air forced through the crop layer at the lower 1/4 height continues to flow into the vertical ducting receiving ducts adjacent the inlet vertical ducts. The length of these ducts is approx. At the height of 1/2, a cross-section of the inner square of the shuttering element is mounted therein, which obstructs the entire cross-section and, as a result, the flowing air is forced into the vertical crop layer in the opposite direction, and the flowing air - after passing through the double layer of material - with the through pipe. the vertical air duct section, where it continues to mix with the hot air flowing inside the conduit, which has not yet been used for drying, and, after mixing, re-passes through the vertical crop layer at the top of the drying space for a third time.

EN 225 476 Β1 flows from the duct to the horizontal collecting duct or ducts from the vertical duct, which receives the drying air, and leaves the dryer with increased humidity.

In summary, the geometric arrangement of the vertical air ducts with the shutter cassette elements with the shutter cassette elements according to the invention allows the uniform distribution of the drying air, even and multiple flow of the material layer, and subsequent drainage after the moisture uptake by the vertical flow of material and air. In addition to gravitational crop evacuation, high loading rates, optimal heat recovery and, due to enclosed exterior walls, environmentally friendly operation is achieved.

It is a further object of the present invention to more effectively utilize the drying and cooling capacity of drying and cooling air in gravity-driven dryers. The objective is also achieved by recognizing that the drying air coming directly from the heat generator is applied to the central part of the drying compartment by means of a central air inlet into the drying chamber, in a horizontal duct or duct with diamond or hexagonal cross-section, to which vertical and cross-sectional ducts with vertical cross-sections are connected. When the central air inlet according to the invention is used, the drying space is divided into 2 drying zones: an upper and a lower airflow drying space separated by the central air-inlet horizontal ducts, as air-flow-free areas for the drying material. The use of a non-airflow zone in the central part of the drying compartment according to the invention, in addition to the material temperature equalization, results in significant moisture diffusion inside the material in a drying material of sufficient temperature, which also provides favorable conditions for energy use and crop quality in this space. With the loss of air flow in the granular material space at the air supply, a more effective core-to-moisture moisture diffusion occurs during the resting time and immediately after the passage of the material. After the tempering, the drying of the drying air flow causes the core temperature to decrease due to the intensive evaporation of the surface and the final core temperature of the output leaving the dryer.

In the use of the central air inlet according to the invention, the passing of the drying air in the vertical ducts relative to the gravitational material movement is carried out in the upper drying space in the lower drying space, in the DC.

The counterflow air passing through the vertical ducts, after passing through the crop layer, is discharged from the apparatus through the dehumidifying state through the horizontal collecting ducts of the pre-heater space. At the same time, during the passage of DC air in the lower drying chamber and after passing through the crop layer, the drying air is also discharged from the drying space through the horizontal air ducts located in the lower part of the drying compartment.

Horizontal air ducts in the lower drying room, which have a diamond or hexagonal cross-section, and a max. They have sides with a 60 ° angle, not only the drying air flowing from the lower drying space, but also the cooling air after cooling. For this purpose, in accordance with the present invention, the lower drying space and the underfloor space below it, the lateral air ducts of the same vertical shutter, extend into this horizontal air line. The interior of these horizontal air ducts is divided into a top and a lower space by a double air deflector plate. The double air deflector plate has a different angle from the horizontal to provide an increasing cross-section of airflow in the interior of the horizontal air duct, both in the air of the drying air and in the cooling air, in the drying and cooling compartments for even air distribution.

Functional Units of the Mid-Ventilated Cereal Dryer of the Invention, in which the grain crop passes through the drying, in the direction of gravity movement:

- Pre-preheating space with horizontal air ducts for draining the humid air and contact with heat transfer to preheat grain during pre-storage;

- an upper drying chamber with vertical ductwork ducts, which forms a flow through the drying air;

- a central air intake with horizontal air ducts, which, at the same time, forms a first tempering space without air flow for the particulate material;

- a lower drying area with vertical ductwork ducts, which forms a flow through the drying air;

- a lower air duct with horizontal air ducts, which at the same time forms a second tempering chamber without air flow for the particulate material;

- a cooling chamber with vertical ductwork, a space that is flowed through cooling air;

- a lower air intake with horizontal air ducts forming a space without air flow, with cooling temperature equalization in the grain crop;

- a crop drainage device, which, by selecting the discharge rate, can be used to adjust the residence time of the material to be dried in the drying and cooling rooms.

Functional parts of the central drying air intake dryer, in the same manner as the lower air intake device, in rectangular form, without a separate casing, are surrounded by a direct closed side wall, so that the dust and fluff are protected from the environment and dust, the beetle, together with the exhaust air, enters the sedimentation space with a common lead.

The lower air drying and the air leaving the fridge have a significant heat supply and also a moisture level6

HU 225 476 Β1, therefore, in the arrangement according to the invention, a mixture of the outlet drying and cooling air can be carried out with a return air duct and a flow uniforming air unit, directly into the air duct 5 of the central air inlet, into the hot drying air coming from the heat generator.

The structural design of the vertical ductile grain dryer provided with the central dewatering of the present invention allows for a very simple construction change in the bottom drying and cooling zone to double the air through the vertical crop layer in this space by incorporating it into said drying and cooling chamber. at a height of 1/2 of the air intake vertical air ducts, 15 a transverse plate in the cross-section of the inner square of the shutter element therein, which obstructs the entire cross section and causes the flow of air at this height to be forced into the vertical crop layer and the air is then introduced into the receiving ducts. 20, the flow through the lower layer 1/2 of the vertical crop layer is flushed twice in the opposite direction relative to the above crop layer flow and backflows into the inlet f in the inner space of the vertical air trap separated by a lower end plate, which leads to the horizontal drainage ducts connected to the lower dryer space 25, the double-flowed drying air of this drying space, as well as the double-flowed cooling air of the cooling chamber located below the horizontal drainage duct.

The design of the new system is due to the choice of the vertical geometrical arrangement of the bound geometry and the possible size of the cross-sectional dimension (as a variable) in the larger size of the method and apparatus according to the invention, the development of a dimensioning method for which the specific dry air volume flow rate q _L ( m ³ / s, m ³ ) and in addition to the choice of air velocity values in ducts, only the degree of charge of the drying compartment and two structural dimensions: with the knowledge of the distance between the shrinkage size (b ₀ ) and the external surfaces of the vertical ducts (a ₀ ) are all working dimensions of the equipment, its flow cross-section, its volume can be determined.

The initial relationship between dimensioning is the degree of charge of the drying and cooling compartments with the same structure. The charge level shows how the useful volume filled with particulate material in the geometric arrangement is proportional to the total volume of the drying or cooling chamber.

The degree of charge, the writing of the useful volume filled with particulate matter and the total volume, or the ratio of the corresponding cross-sections, and, after simplifying it, the characteristic proportions:

= 11 + 11 + ^ = 11 + 11 + ^

where b ₀ = the maximum value of the formwork measured in the horizontal plane a = a ₀ + b ₀ ; a = average crop layer thickness, gap size.

5 = b + b ₀ ; b = the interior of the vertical shutter duct 35 The size of the following characteristic can be expressed from λ; scale and size b:

a ₀ = the distance between the outer edges of the opposing mantle walls;

b_ b _n

1 + where χ _χ = (1 —λ) ^-0 · ⁵ —1

- internal dimension of the vertical duct: b = (a ₀ + b ₀ (1-x _x )) x _z - ¹

Further Relationships:

- 45 height of the forced-air drying compartment (H _SZL) and the number of formwork elements (Z _c), expressed as the proportions characteristics:

1+ -

where q _{L is the} specific air volume flow rate (m ³ / s, m ³ ); v * _L = velocity of air flowing in the vertical duct, (m / s); 60 v _L = air velocity in the horizontal plane of the shutter-gap (m / s).

EN 225 476 Β1

- the grain cross-section (A _m ) in the drying unit:

A _m = 2n * i (a ₀ + b ₀ ) (a ₀ + 3b ₀ + 2b); n '^ number of drying base units (positive integer) b = internal dimension of the vertical ductwork with square cross section.

- external cross-sectional dimension (B) of the dryer base unit:

B = 2 (a ₀ + 2b ₀ + b)

As a result of further development work, in addition to the previous versions of air dehumidifiers with lower and middle air, an energy-saving air duct dryer with vertical air duct, which uses the components of the previous versions, has also been developed.

In the upper air inlet according to the invention, the hot drying air flows from the horizontal air ducts in the pre-storage space to horizontal ducts downstream of the pre-storage space. In the upper space of the drying compartment, in the first drying zone, the partial (smaller through-cross-sectional) shut-off elements incorporated in the inner cross-section of the vertical ductwork inlet passes a portion of the warm drying air stream to the crop layer and then flows upstream into the pre-storage space in the drainage ducts of the drainage means, to get into the interior of a trench-shaped collecting duct built into the horizontal ducts of diamond or hexagonal cross-section, and from there the air containing damp, dust and other solid dirt flows into the dust chamber. The granular material intensively preheates between the exterior surfaces of the horizontal ducts with diamond or hexagonal cross-sectional air intake and the outer surfaces of the collecting ducts built in between them, and begins to dry in the drying air flow through the drying phase in the initial phase of drying.

In the lower space of the drying compartment, the transfer of the drying air and the cooling air in the cooling chamber, and their recirculation into the warm drying air, is carried out in the same manner as in the central air inlet dryer of the invention.

The method according to the invention and the apparatus for carrying out the method are exemplified! In connection with the embodiment of FIG

Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of a drying and cooling air passage in a lower air inlet vertical duct in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vertical shuttered air duct in the cross-section of the air-flow drying chamber of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic drawing of a drying and cooling air passage used in the lower air inlet air duct of Fig. 1 for achieving better heat utilization in a lower air duct dryer;

Fig. 4 is a schematic drawing of the drying and cooling air passage in the central air-fed vertical ductwork dryer;

Fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of a drying and cooling air passage used in a central air-fed vertical duct for grain heaters to achieve better heat utilization;

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a bottom-air vertical ductwork grain dryer tower according to the invention;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the bottom-air grain dryer tower body of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the horizontal air duct of the lower air intake; Figure 8 is a bottom view of Figure 8, a

Figure 9 is a sectional view of a horizontal air duct for dehumidifying air, a

Figure 10 is a sectional view of a horizontal air duct in the cooling zone air intake, a

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the horizontal air duct in the central air intake, a

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal drainage duct connected to the lower drying zone of the central air inlet dryer and the associated drying and cooling air return to the horizontal air duct of the central air inlet;

Fig. 13 illustrates the formation of a shutter cassette element according to the invention, a

Figure 14 is a schematic drawing of a drying and cooling air in a vertical air duct grain dryer according to the invention.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 show the same construction 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 8, 8a, and 9, 13, 13a, 9b and 8, 10a, 10a, 10b in the drying and cooling chamber. vertical ductwork air ducts that allow direct connection of the air system of the (H _L h and H _lh1 ; H _LH2 ) refrigerator compartment with the air flow of the drying room (H _SZL and HlI i ^h szl2: H _SZL3 ).

In the design of the lower air drier, the H _T tempering room surrounding the 2 horizontal ducts or ducts provides a free air flow of grain, which is a favorable condition for drying technology; moreover, the hot surfaces of the horizontal ducts do not come into contact with the external ambient space, thus achieving better heat utilization ( see Figures 1 and 3). 6, 7, and

Fig. 8 is a diamond cross-section of horizontal air ducts 2, around and between which there is a gravitational flow of material, diamond or hexagonal and max. They have 60 ° high angle boundaries.

Dimensions and ke8 of horizontal air ducts 6 (Figures 1 and 3) and horizontal air ducts 6, 6a (Figures 6 and 7) for collecting and discharging humid air.

EN 225 476 Β1 has the same cross-sectional dimension and cross-section as the horizontal air ducts (Figures 6 and 7). In the space surrounding the horizontal air ducts 6, 6a, the grain is also left without air flow. On the one hand - for storage and also due to the duct surface temperature of and results in operation at H _ET preheating zone (Figures 1 and 3, and Figures 6, 7 and 9), contact heat transfer, which drying technically - - a before drying a prerequisite for preheating the material to be dried.

According to Figures 6 and 3, a drying _chamber H, disposed between the air ducts 3, 9a, 9b, 13, 13a flowing through the air, receives the hot drying air from the lower air intake of diamond cross-section in the temperature _zone H _T , which is provided by the vertical shutter element 3 air ducts are introduced into the crop set and then forced through the crop layer fan to receive and pass vertical vertical ductwork ducts 13, 13a in the interior of the upper part of the vertical ductwork ducts 3 and then through the ductwork ducts 9a and 9b receiving and discharging and dehumidifying after drying. The air H _ET pre-heater (preheater) space-centered diamond cross-section collector 6, 6a extends from the dryer into the interior of a horizontal duct.

As can be seen from Figure 6, the lower end of the vertical and vertical receiving and returning air ducts 13, 13a are closed by plate cone elements 14, 14a.

There are 15 baffles in the horizontal air ducts of the lower air intake with diamond cross section, with a cross section (Fig. 7) in the direction of the air flow, which provides a uniform air distribution along the horizontal duct (Figure 7) in the vertical ductwork 3 (Fig. 6). In the lower air intake with diamond cross-section 2 horizontal air ducts, there are 5 cooling air receiving elements, a V-shaped inner jacket for receiving the heated cooling air from the H _th cooling chamber (Figures 7 and 8).

The drip plate 17 and 17a of the horizontal duct 6 of the diamond cross section, and the ducting ducts with the vertical and ducting grooves 9a, 9b, respectively, have a drip tray 18 with a condensate drain in the interior of the horizontal duct 6 (Figs. 7 and 9). ). A more efficient use of the drying air is achieved by the use of a closing element in the air stream in which the opening of the smaller cross-sectional opening is located in the inner square cross section of the lower section 1/4 of the length of the vertical ductwork ducts, and for this purpose a duct 12, which acts as a narrowing element with a reduced length. duct connection (Figures 6 and 7).

Partial levegőelzárást establishing operating restrictor element 12 through air pipe fluidic elements a portion of the drying air - the installation height - contaminants are gradually dispersed in terményrétegen, another part of the air flow flows into the 12 through air line cross-section of the same upright 3 shuttering element duct interior space, the H _SZL drying compartment upper (Figures 6 and 7). At the same time, the air forced through the crop layer at the lower 1/4 height continues to flow into the receiving and returning air ducts 13, 13a surrounding the vertical ductwork duct 3 on four sides, and in the interior of the duct element 13, 13a is mounted a square cross section 11 11a (Figures 3, 6 and 7). Due to the complete cross-sectional closure, the flowing air is forced into the crop layer in the opposite direction, and the flowing air flows into the outer space of the vertical air duct with the through-air line 12, where it is mixed with the warm air that has not yet been used for drying inside the passage 12 (Figure 6). ), and after the mixing of air, with a higher drying potential, passes through the crop layer at the top of the HSZL drying area for the third time, finally, the collector 6a, 6a flows into the horizontal air ducts or air ducts from the vertical duct elements 9a, 9b, and exits H with increased humidity. _SZL dryer (Figures 3 and 6).

In the lower part H _th of the freezer room, 7 horizontal ducts (see Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10) are also used to introduce ambient air. The cross-section of the horizontal air ducts 7 introducing the cooling air is smaller than the horizontal air ducts introducing the hot air due to the less cooling air requirement and having a cross-sectional triangle having regard to the grain flow.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, using the (H, _H and H _LH1 H _LH2) refrigerator vertical 9, 10 formwork element duct and (H _grapes and H _SZL1) drying compartment vertical three shuttering element duct to the (H, _H and H, _LH1, H _lh2 ) have the same layout in the refrigerator and in the Hg _ZL drying compartment, whereby the vertical air ducts 9 or 10 out of the cooling _chamber H _lh and H _LH2 and the 3 ductwork ducts _entering the H _SZL H _SZL1 drying room have a common symmetry axis, thereby cooling the cooling air through the 2 horizontal ducts with the aid of the cooling air receiving element 5, flows into the vertical duct 3 of the drying space H _SZL .

_{At the} height of 1/2 of the vertical ductwork ducts of the cooling _chamber H _lh1 , there are square shield plates 11b in cross-sectional area (Figs. 3 and 5). In addition, the vertical air intake and return ducts 10a, 10b (FIGS. 3 and 5) and the upper and lower ends of the vertical ducts 10a, 10b are closed by plate air elements 14, 14a (Figure 6). As a result of these constructions, the cooling air flows through the crop layer twice in the cooling chamber H _lh , thus reducing the required cooling air flow rate by almost half.

In the cross-sectional view of the drying apparatus shown in Figure 2, vertical ducts 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, as shown in Figure 2, are full square and

EN 225 476 Β1

1/2, 1/4 square ductwork divides H H _lh _grape drying and cooling and also space diagonal arrangement of four basic units for drying geometry quadrant. Depending on the cross-sectional dimension of the ductwork, the drying units of the dryer 4 can be equipped with different sizes and volumes of drying units and can be equipped with drying devices of different sizes.

The dryer base unit 4, which may also be a standalone device, comprises 1 air duct 3 with vertical flap side walls, surrounded on each of the four sides by a 1-4 1/4 square cross section of air ducts 4c with a damp air (Figure 2). The shuttered vertical air ducts consist of square cross-sectional shutter cassette elements 21 (Figure 13). In the opposing shutters, the shutter cassette elements 21 are vertically displaced with a height of 1/2. This will result in the smallest change in layer thickness resulting from the angular position of the shutter.

Fig. 5 shows the flow of hot air and cooling air from the central air intake dryer with the volume flow of the air (V _LSZV ) fan and cooling air (V _LHV ) fan, using efficient flow _{rates for} drying and cooling.

Figures 4, 5 and 11 show the central air inlet in a horizontal air duct 2a or in parallel air ducts located in a non-airflow room H _T i (Figures 4 and 5). 2a horizontal duct H _SZL drying compartment is a higher (H _S zli) and lower (H _SZL2 H _SZL3) divides drying chamber (5) having a vertical 3, 3a, 4a and 4b damper element air channels of the drying air H _SZL1 upper drying zone countercurrently while the lower H _SZL2 ; H in the _SZL3 drying _{rooms is transmitted in} direct current.

The inner space 2a of the horizontal ducts 5, the double air baffle 16 in the air flow direction of decreasing cross-section of the upper (H _SZL1) and the lower _szl2 H; H divides and divides the upper H _SZL1 and lower H _{SZL2 in} proportion to the air _{demand of the SZL3} drying _room ; H _SZL3 drying rooms. Higher H _W li drying zone of the drying air is - after having flowed through the drying material layer - is the host and recirculation 4a, 4b damper element ducts - such humid air - from the six horizontal collecting flow duct and is exhausted through porülepítő chamber into the environment.

The lower H _SZL2 ; H In the _SZL3 drying room, the vertical _cavity ducts 3a have a lock plate 11 in the inner cross section of the shutter cassette 21 (Fig. 13) (Fig. 5). Due to the complete cross-sectional closure, the air is forced into the air channel ducts 13b and 13c at the height of the H _SZL2 dryer. Upper and lower ends 13b, 13c damper element duct will be closed 14, 14a lemezgúlaelemekkel, therefore, contrary to this légcsatornákból direction of the drying air again urged through vertical 4a damper element duct H _SZL3 section 11 after the stopper and the collection flow 6b horizontal duct or ducts. The horizontal air duct 6b is a closed sidewall channel with diamond cross-section, from which the vertical ductwork ducts 10 of the H _LH2 cooling chamber are connected from below. In the inner space of the horizontal duct 6b, there is a double baffle plate 16a, which is provided with an increasing cross-section in the direction of the air flow. 6b horizontal duct closed sidewalls of wireless air flow rate for the particulate material-space (L _T2) form temperálóteret and the horizontal ducts inner space 6b H _SZL3 drying compartment reusable even drying air stream and (H _LH2) refrigerator heated stream of air from an external air duct 19 and a 20 flow-through flow unit, flow back through the central air inlet duct 2a, together with the hot air stream VSZLV to the HSZL drying chamber (Figures 5, 11 and 12).

The arrangement of the air ducts (H _lh1 ; H _lh2 ) of the vertical _theses H _{th in the} air space H, is the arrangement of the air ducts of the drying space 4a, 13b and 13c of the drying room (H _SZL2 ; H _SZL3 ). The AV _LHV cooling air stream is introduced with the horizontal air duct 7 or through ducts through an air-flow crop layer into the vertical ductwork ducts 8, in which duct plates 11b are located in the inner cross section of the duct at a 1/2 channel height. Due to the front plates 11b, the cooling air H _{lh1 has a} forced and recirculating 10a at the _cooler height; 10b ductwork with ductwork. The upper and lower ends of the ductwork ducts 10a, 10b with the receiving and returning portions are closed with plate flanges 14, 14a, so the cooling air flows back in the opposite direction at the height of the H _LH2 cooler, and flows through the ductwork ducts 10 in the lower space of the horizontal duct 6b in the collector 6b; is recycled together with the drying air of the drying _chamber H _{SZL3 into} the outer air recirculation line 19, through the flow unit on the flow unit 20, for flow recirculation of the central horizontal duct 2a, for drying (Figs. 5, 11 and 12).

Figure 14 illustrates the creation of a top légbevezetésű dryer, wherein introduction of the hot drying air diamond or hexagonal cross 2b horizontal duct or ducts and the interposition of the humid air exhaust triangular cross 6c horizontal duct surrounding H _et prepared container (pre-heating) chamber, the cereals stay without forced air , pre-storage and intense preheating, which is a more favorable condition for the release of moisture, moreover, the hot surfaces of the horizontal air ducts 2b, 6c do not come into contact with the external ambient space, thus providing better heat recovery. In the upper air intake - 2b horizontal air duct - in comparison with the movement of the gravitational material, the drying air in the inlet ducts 3 of the upper drying _{chamber H1 is in} direct current, in the outflow ducts 4a and 4b, in the counter current, in the drying _rooms H _SZL2 and H _SZL3 , at the same time each, 3, 4a, 4c, 4d

DC 225 476 Β1 in ducted air ducts.

The upper _grapes H - | in the drying air flow of the vertical ductwork ducts of the drying _chamber 3, the lower boundary of the drying _{space H1L1} is provided with a partial cross-sectional conduit 12 having a smaller cross-section, which _forces part of the drying air due to the upper air inlet, in the upper _{layer of the} dryer _SZL1 , and the host, in the counterflow, the triangular cross-section collector 6c flows into horizontal air ducts from which the damp air containing dust and other solid impurities passes into the environment, preferably, into a dust chamber.

In the lower drying _{layer in} the drying rooms H _SZL2 ^{δ δ h} szl.3, the total amount of drying air flowing through the constriction cross-section of the through-air line 12 is passed twice in the opposite direction to the crop _layer , so that there are 11 _{shut-off elements} 11 at the lower boundary of the drying _space H _{SZL2 in} the inner cross-section of the ductwork 3. , and is also 11, shut-off plates 11a are the same as the upper boundary of the drying compartment _SZL2 H, 4c, 4d damper element ducts.

_HHLL3 drying air outlet - suitable for moisture _absorption - and warm air cooling from the H _LH2 _cooler flow into horizontal air ducts 6b in rhombic or hexagonal cross-section, located in the temperature _zone H _T , with upper and lower spaces in the direction of flow with twin baffles 16a in increasing direction divided.

An external recirculation air line 19 is connected to the horizontal air ducts 6b, in which the amount of drying air flows into the hot air stream V _LSZV through the air unit 20 which unifies the airflow 20 to recycle the amount of heat.

The design of the cooling zone of the upper air intake device is the same as the bottom (see fig

Fig. 3) and the construction of central air (see Fig. 5) air-dehumidifiers.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

A method for drying granular materials, in particular agricultural crops, cereals, by flowing air in a gravity-conveyor dryer, with vertical passage of the drying and cooling air, characterized in that the air is distributed uniformly in a vertical ductwork (3, 3a, 4a, 4a, 4a). 4c, 4d, 9a, 9b, 13, 13a, 13b, 13c) so that the drying air

(a) in the horizontal duct (2) at the bottom of the drying space (H _S zl) upstream of the flow of material, or

b) the horizontal duct (2a) of the drying chamber _(W L H) in the middle of the upper drying zone (H _SZL1) material flows in countercurrent in the lower drying zone _(R7 H R) in co-current, or

c) in the horizontal air duct (2b), in the uppermost part of the drying space ( _HLL ), it is supplied with the material stream, DC, and the cooling air is introduced at the bottom of the cooling space (H _th );

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying air is introduced in a) or b) through the vertical duct air ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 9a, 9b, 13, 13a, 13b). 13c) and, after cooling, the heated cooling air is introduced into the drying air through the horizontal air duct (2, 6b).

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling air is circulated through the vertical formwork ducts (8, 10, 10a, 10b) of the cooling space (H _lh ) and, after cooling, the heated air is introduced into the horizontal air duct (6b). into the drying air.

Method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the air is introduced diagonally through the crop layer into the drying and cooling space in a square mesh, supplying drying air alternately in the width and length of the drying and cooling space ( _HLL , _Hlh ), and duct air ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 9a, 9b, 13,13a, 13b, 13c) to receive and extract drying air.

5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the szállítólevegőnek humid air obtained after perfusion vertically to terményrétegen the front storage compartment (H _ET) (6c) is fed extending between inlet of the hot drying air horizontal duct (2b) of humid air outlet triangle cross horizontal ducts, wherein decreasing the heat content of the drying air leaving the walls of the horizontal ducts (2b, 6c) by heat conduction, the granular material to be dried is intensively preheated.

6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the drying air flow through vertically to terményrétegen the humid air was fed to horizontal air channels for pre-storage space (H _ET) (6, 6a), wherein through the horizontal duct (6, 6a), the walls of the exhaust reducing the heat content of the drying air by preheating the particulate material to be dried by heat conduction.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drying air is introduced in a) or b) and at the same time a non-air-flowed space or a central and a lower air-flowed space is provided on the crop.

8. Apparatus according to claims 1-7. Claims for implementing the method according to any preceding claim that is formed consisting of a forced-air drying chamber (H _SZL) and cooling chamber (H _lh) drying the base units, which (3), located a distance from 4 x 1.4 square inlet air for the vertical damper element airways they are provided with vertical air ducts (4c) with a cross-sectional air outlet and in the crop set up to max. 60 °, with its surface11

GB 225 476 Β1 have horizontal air ducts (2) for utilizing heat loss utilization in the material to be dried, and which horizontal air ducts (2) are connected to vertical duct air ducts (3) introducing drying air into a crop, _ET ) with disposed flatbed elements (14, 14a) - max. With a 60 ° peak - they are closed.

Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that it comprises horizontal ducts (2b, 6, 6a) of rhomboidal or hexagonal cross sections inserted into the crop set of the storage space (H _ET ) and the lower end of the vertical ductwork ducts (3) in the temperature space. H _T ) is formed in a horizontal duct (2, 6b) located horizontally for collecting and discharging the drying air.

Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the vertical air intake and outlet ductwork air ducts (9a, 9b) are formed in the collector horizontal air ducts (6, 6a) which are located in the crop set in the pre-storage space (H _ET ). and from there it is conveyed to the settling chamber for dust and slushy drying air.

Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the vertical air intake and exhaust duct elements (4a, 4b) are formed in the collector horizontal ducts (6c) with a horizontal triangular cross-section, which are located in the crop in the crop space (H _ET ). and are transported from there to the settling chamber for dust and sludge-containing drying air.

12. A 8-11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical ductwork air ducts (3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 9a, 9b, 13, 13a, 13b, 13c) consist of shuttering elements (21) having with vertical up to max. They are closed at 30 °, have a rectangular cross-section, and the adjacent inlet and outlet air ducts are arranged vertically offset at a height of 1/2 cartridge element (21) (Ιιθ / 2).

Apparatus according to any one of claims 8, 10 or 12, characterized in that the lower inlet horizontal duct (2) is disposed between the drying space ( _HLL ) and the cooling space ( _Hlh ), and in this horizontal duct (2) ) the cooling air receiving element (5) being formed as an inner jacket in the space between the outer wall of the air duct (2) to receive the cooled air which has warmed up after cooling.

14. A 8-13. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the given relative to the horizontal inclination of baffles is in the internal space of the lower inlet vertical air channel (2) (15) that the drying zone (H _SZL - | H _SZL2 H _SZL3) of the duct (2 ), with a decreasing cross-section in the flow direction, is arranged to create an even distribution of air.

Apparatus according to any one of claims 8, 10, 12 or 14, characterized in that a shutter element (21) is arranged at a lower height 1/4 of the length of the vertical air ducts (3) supplying the drying air. In the cross-section of the inner square, the drying air flow has a constriction, which is formed as an inlet duct (12) of decreasing cross-section.

Apparatus according to any one of claims 9, 11 or 12, characterized in that a shutter element (21) is arranged at an appropriate height of the vertical air ducts (3) for supplying the drying air, having an internal square as an air duct. (12) there is a constriction.

17, 8-10, or 12-15. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the tapering cross-section through the air pipe disposed in the vertical damper element duct (3) of the drying air flow (12) of a portion of the drying air in the lower drying zone (H _SZL i) átáramoitatóan the terményrétegen and the housing and return vertical damper element is formed in the air ducts (13, 13a), where at a height of 1/2 the internal cross-section of the duct-shaped air ducts (3), it is recirculated through the drying air and passed through the double material layer (12). having a vertical shutter element duct (3) forming an outer space, flowing backwards into the drying space (H _SZL2 ), and mixed with hot air not yet dried to flow inside the transfer duct (12), and then the upper it has a _shut -off plate (11, 11a) designed to re-flow through the vertical crop _{layer in a} drying space (H _SZL3 ).

18. 9-16. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the narrowed-through air duct (12) arranged in the drying air stream of the vertical ductwork ducts (3) is _{partially drained by} the upper air inlet, through the inlet drier and and is formed in an outlet for vertical ductwork ducts (4a, 4b), the ducts (11, 11a) being blocked in the inner cross-section of the ducts (4a, 4b) at the height of the narrowed-through duct (12). and 4c, 4d) as air ducts and air recirculation ducts (4c, 4d), on the one hand with the shutter plate 11 integrated in the horizontal air duct (6c) for draining the humid drying air, and on the other is designed for double flow of air through the lake (H _SZL2 , H _SZL3 ).

19. A 8, 10, 12-15. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the central air inlet is provided with a horizontal air duct or channels (2a) between the upper drying space (H _SZL1 ) and the lower drying space (H _LSZ2 ) flowing through the drying air and the inner space of these ducts (2a).

EN 225 476 Β1 is provided with a dual air baffle (16) disposed in a ratio of the air requirements of the upper drying space (H _SZL1 ) ^{and the} lower drying space (H _SZL2 ) so that the double air baffle plate (16) with a non-horizontal angle in the direction of flow, in the upper drying space (H _SZ li) and in the lower drying space (H _SZ l2), in order to distribute air evenly, to provide a narrowing cross-section.

Apparatus according to any one of claims 8, 10, 12 or 13, characterized in that the shuttering element (aς ₇ ι?) In the lower drying space (Ης ₇ ι?) Is located at a height of 1/2 the vertical air ducts (3a) supplying the drying air. 21) is provided in its internal cross-section with a shut-off plate (11) and the ends of the vertical air ducts (13b, 13c) receiving and returning the drying air max. They are closed by a 60 ° pitch plate element (14).

Apparatus according to any one of claims 8, 10 or 12, characterized in that the upper end of the vertical ducting air ducts (3a) _supplying the drying air in the lower drying space ( _Hsl2 ) to the central air intake horizontal duct (2a). and a lower horizontal collecting duct (6b) for collecting the drying air after vapor uptake, it is connected to the upper space of the inner duct separated by a double baffle plate (16a) and has an external return duct (19) and an air flow unit (20).

Apparatus according to any one of claims 9, 11, 12, 16 or 18, characterized in that the lower end of the vertical ductwork air ducts (4a) for discharging air into the lower drying space (H _SZL3 ) collects the drying air after dehumidification. in the upper space of the internal duct separated by a double baffle plate (16a) and having an external recirculating air duct (19) and an air flow unit (20) for unifying the air flow through which the air heater before - the drying air flows back and mixes with the hot drying air (^ lsv) flowing into the upper air inlet horizontal duct (2a) ·

23. Figures 8-22. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the supply of the cooling space (H _th. H _lh) to ambient air (i) (7) is in the lower section of the refrigerator compartment (H _th) equilateral horizontal triangular cross air duct (s) which the inner space a baffle plate (15a) providing a uniform distribution of the air in the cooling space (H _th , H _lh ), which is decreasing in the direction of the airflow at an angle to the horizontal.

24. A 8-23. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a shuttering plate (11b) is arranged in the cooling _section (H _th , H _lh1 , H _lh2 ) at the internal cross-section of the shutter element (21) at a height of 1/2 and both ends of the vertical air duct (10a, 10b) receiving and returning the cooling air max. They are closed by a 60 ° pitch plate member (14, 14a).

25. A 8, 10, 12-15. or 19-22. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical end of the vertical air duct (8) supplying the cooling air in the cooling space (H _lh , H _th ) is in the horizontal duct (7) with triangular cross-section and the upper end in the horizontal duct (2). ) in the outer space of the double jacket, which is connected to the cooling air receiving element (5) - to the lower _{space of the} horizontal air channel (6b) of the lower drying space (Hszl2 'H _szl3 ) separated by a double baffle (16a).