HU214070B - Crusher for grinding and cutting of industrial and agricultural products and wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) EXHAUST The present invention relates to a milling machine for grinding and slicing industrial and agricultural products and refrigerants, with a housing surrounding a shredding apparatus bay zone, and a self-axially grooved gearbox. The housing has a filling opening and a discharge opening, and the main spinner disc comprises at least one chopping element, preferably a knife. Its characteristic heat exchanger plate (21) is fastened in the freestanding manner of the knives (22), the shear (10) of the house blower (10) is rigidly fixed, and the cutting edges (22a) of the knives (22) and the cutting tool (41) have a cutting opening (12) therebetween. ŕ

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shredder for grinding and shredding industrial and agricultural products and waste, which comprises a housing enclosing a processing space and a rotatably mounted rotatable disc rotating about its axis, the housing having a filling aperture and an aperture.

On the one hand, shredders for the production of various fodder, on the other hand, for the shredding of waste, bulky materials, branches and lumps are widely used mainly in agriculture. From the Austrian patent specification 351 350, for example, a shredder is provided with two discs rotating in opposite directions. Cam rows are spaced outwardly on the outer sides of the discs so that the cam rows of one disc extend between the rows of the other discs.

Also known is a hammer grinder according to DE 20 34 910, in which movable bumpers are mounted on both sides of a rotating disc, a circular dividing wall is fixedly connected to the housing of the rotating disc and the impacting members are directly adjacent to the separating wall. a.

The material to be ground is broken or broken by both shredders. During this, the impactor is subjected to high stresses, which often lead to fracture. Certain materials, e.g. during processing of rubber products, the punches may become pinched or over-tensioned, resulting in equipment failure. In addition, known equipment is not suitable for crushing fibrous materials.

The apparatus described in Austrian Patent No. 360,316, although useful for crushing adhesive-prone materials, has a rather complicated structure.

German Patent Publication No. 3042950 describes a plant for the cutting of garden waste. The apparatus is a foot-mounted container with a discharge spout, the lower end of which has circular knives mounted on the bottom, i.e. inside the container.

The shutter itself rotates with its fixed axis knives around its own axis, and the shredded material passes through the gaps formed by the shutter blades into the ejection channel at the edges of the shutter blades.

The knives with worn edges can be turned further after the locking screw has been loosened.

The unit is intended for domestic use only, for cutting a small amount of a certain type of material.

It comprises a crushing plant container according to Austrian Patent No. 389,468 and a cylindrical knife holder housing within the container which rotates about its own axis. Outwardly outward the knife holder brackets protrude from the periphery of the cylindrical housing, to which the knives are fixedly screwed. The material is crushed between the inner wall of the container and the blades. The knives with worn edges can be moved to a different position after loosening the screw.

The crushing apparatus known from German Patent Application Publication No. 40 00887 is a crushing cylinder having a helical bite on its periphery. They are also fitted with screws - fixed together with the roller, with only knives rotating about its axis. The knives can be readjusted or replaced after loosening the countersunk head screws.

A common disadvantage of the described solutions is that the edges of the shaving knives wear unevenly, even wear can only be achieved by sharpening, but this can only be achieved by stopping the machine and loosening and retightening the screws, in a way that is meticulously large-scale.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a shredder which is simple in construction, suitable for grinding, shredding and / or cutting a wide variety of materials, is well suited to fibrous materials and has no risk of pinching or crushing.

The inventive idea is based on the recognition that the material to be shredded can be cut using two special cutting tools, one of which is a freely rotating circular knife and the other a rigidly fixed shear tool cooperating with the circular knives.

The knives rotatably mounted on the rotating disc are circular symmetrical, preferably in the form of a funnel. The cutting tool may have a variety of embodiments, is removably secured to the housing, and thus, the apparatus may have a variety of embodiments.

It is also within the scope of the invention that there is a cutting aperture between the rotatable blades, preferably funnel-shaped blades, and the cutting edges cooperating with the blade rigidly fixed to the housing.

In accordance with the present invention, a shredder for grinding and shearing industrial and agricultural products and wastes comprising a housing enclosing a processing space and a rotatably mounted rotatable disc rotating about its axis has a filling aperture and a discharge aperture for the housing, and preferably comprising a knife, - such that the knives are pivotally mounted on the rotating disc, the shear tool is rigidly fixed to the housing, and there is a cutting aperture between the knife cutting edges and the shearing tool.

Further, the crushing device according to the invention may be known to have a funnel shape.

In one embodiment, the shear tool is a shear bar or shear blade.

In a further embodiment, the cutting tool is disposed on a stationary knife and the stationary knife is disposed on a circle having the same radius but opposite the circle.

Optionally, the end face of the feed tube of the shearing tool.

In one embodiment, the cutting edge of the circular knife is provided with a particularly resistant material and at least a portion of the processing space is provided with an abrasive insert.

It is also possible, on the rotating disc face, to have guiding surfaces inclined to the periphery, which are inclined towards the circumference between the blades.

HU 214,070 Β

Blades suitable for ejecting grist are mounted on the periphery of the rotating disc.

The rotating disk has an ejection chamber on the side facing the circular blades, the rotating disk having at least one aperture for feeding the flour into the ejection chamber, and at least one ejection blade mounted on the rotating disk facing the circular knives.

The shear tools are fixed in the filling opening of the housing.

The flange of the rotating disk has flanges on the same side as the circular blades and openings for passing the flour.

The cylindrical, vertical housing has a plurality of uniaxial rotary discs distributed along the axis.

The shredder comprises two rotating discs driven in opposite directions, each with a rotating disc face and a circumferential surface connected in a truncated conical manner to the face plate, the rotary discs being pivotally mounted on the peripheral surfaces of the rotating discs, and the processing area is bordered by facets that form an acute angle.

Optionally, the front faces are also provided with circumferential blades, the circumferential blades arranged along concentric circles, the adjacent circular circumferential knives being interconnected, and the inclined edges of the same circumferential circumference.

Impact fittings which can be moved on both sides of the rotating disc, apart from the knife blades, e.g. there are also hammers, the inside wall is enclosed by an annular dividing wall, the dividing wall divides the inside of the housing into a cylindrical shredding chamber in front of the rotating disk and a cylindrical grinding chamber with a grinding chamber behind the rotating disk; . it is provided with a perforation near the upper edge of the dividing wall, and in the direction of rotation of the rotary disk, it is suitable for the direction of the perforation opening.

The rotating disc is provided with a conveyor screw for conveying the material to be ground in the vicinity of the knives.

The shredder according to the invention has several significant advantages. The device is available in a wide range of material sizes, e.g. suitable for grinding agricultural crops, fodder, green plants, recyclable waste, branches, rubber, fresh slaughter bone and wet tolium.

The knife chops the materials evenly. It is also advantageous that the cutting edges of the continuously rotating knives, due to their funnel shape, wear out evenly, thereby significantly increasing their service life.

The shredder according to the invention can operate with a smaller drive motor and a lower rpm, thus reducing investment and operating costs. At lower speeds, noise is reduced. Components can be replaced quickly and easily.

The shredder according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The

Figure 1 is a sectional view of the disassembled knife, a

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a shredder with a filling opening, a rotating disc and an ejection chamber,

Figure 3 is a sectional view similar to Figure 2 of another embodiment, a

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a rotating disc having inclined guide surfaces

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a rotating disc according to a further embodiment, a

Fig. 6 is a partially sectional side view of a preferred embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention, a

Figure 7 is a front view of the rotating disk of the apparatus of Figure 6, a

Figure 8 is a sectional view of the rotating disk of Figure 7, a

Figure 9 is a further embodiment.

The circular knife 22 shown in Fig. 1 has a truncated cone and the base 22e has a hole 22f. A spacer ring 22c is inserted between the base 22e and the rotating disc 21. The position of the circumferential knife 22 on the shaft 22g, and thus the size of the cutting opening, can be changed by replacing the spacer ring 22c. The spacer sleeve 22d is inserted in the hole 22f. The shaft is provided with a shaft 22b, in this case a threaded bolt 22b, for which the spacer sleeve 22d must be selected so that after the threaded bolt has been tightened, the circular blade 22 can rotate freely about the axis 22g.

Preferably, the carbide or ceramic overlay 23 is mounted on the cutting edge 22a of the circular blade 22. The attachment 23 is provided with a cutting edge 23a.

In Figure 2, the shredder unit 20 is located in the cylindrical housing 10 of the exemplary shredder, the upper opening of which is connected to the wall 413. The wall 413 is in the vicinity of the circular blades 22 attached to the pouring line, in this example the rotating disc 21.

The rotating disk 21 is mounted on the drive shaft 32, which is rotated by an engine not shown. The inner space of the housing 10 is divided by the rotating disk 21 into the processing space 11 near the filling opening 14 and the ejection chamber 13 under the rotating disk 21. The inner wall of the housing 10 is provided with a wear pad 16 and the vanes 80 are fastened to the circumference 21b of the rotating disk 21. The cutting edges 23 of freely rotatable blades 22 around the vertical axis 22g cooperate with the cutting tool 41. The shear 41 is rigidly connected to the housing 10 between the feed hopper 40 and the filling opening 14.

In Fig. 2, the shear 41 is formed by the shear blade 411. The shear blade 411 extends beam-like above the shear blades 22 such that the shear blades 22 extend just before the shear blade 411 for each rotation of the rotating blade 21. It was introduced through the addition funnel 40

Thus, the material to be shredded is shredded by the knives 22. Meanwhile, the blades 22 rotate together with the rotary disk 21, but also rotate about their own axis 22g. The material passing through the flange between the rotating disk 21 and the housing 10 is crushed on the abrasive pad beneath the blades 80.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the cutting tool 41 is a stationary knife 412 fixed to the wall 413. The stationary knife 412 is funnel-like in shape with the circumferential 22. In the position shown in Fig. 3, the circular knife 22 and the stationary knife 412 are located on the same axis, one above the other. The stationary knife 412 is secured to the wall 413 of the funnel 40 by the support 412b, the bracket 412a and the connector 412c.

Also shown in Figure 3 is an additional shear tool 41 formed from the front face 414 of the feed tube 415. The front face 414 is inclined through the wall 413 and terminates above the circumferential blade 22.

In Figure 3, the material to be cut is cut in a cutting opening between the circumferential knife 22 and the stationary knife 412 and the front face 414 of the other circumferential knife 22 and the feeding tube 415. The chopped ground material is introduced into the ejection chamber 13 through the openings 21a of the rotating disk 21. The ejector blades 90 mounted on the underside of the rotating disc 21 convey the powder to the discharge port 15.

Fig. 4 shows that between the shaving blades 22 there are guide surfaces 60 on the upper side of the rotating disc 21 inclined obliquely in the direction of the circumference, extending to the height of the cutting edge 22a of the shaving blade 22 and terminating at the annular gap 70. The guide surfaces 60 are interchangeable.

The material to be chopped is thereby moved from the guide surfaces 60 near the cutting edges 22a of the shaving blades. In order to prevent lateral deflection of the material to be shredded, the circumference 21b of the rotating disc 21 is provided with a guide flange 60b. The powder may be introduced into the ejection chamber 15 through the opening 21a of the baffle 60b.

In Fig. 5, the inclined guide surfaces 60 are integrally formed with the rotating disk 21. The openings 21a here are cut out of the rotating disc 21 itself. The annular gap 70 is located between the cutting edge 22a and the curved end 60a of the guide surface 60.

6-8. Figures 1 to 5 show a further preferred embodiment of a shredder according to the invention. In this embodiment, the shredder unit 20 is formed of two rotating discs 21 spaced over one another on the drive shaft 32. The rotating discs 21 have circular blades 22 which cooperate with the shear blades 411 rigidly attached to the housing 10. The discharge chamber 13 extends into the discharge port 15. The drive unit 30, in this case the electric motor 31, is connected to the shredder unit 20 from below by means of a flange.

In front of the shredder unit 20 are two further rotary discs 21, which are located in the housing 10 and are driven by the electric motors 31. The axis 21c of the two rotating discs 21 forms an angle with each other. This creates a processing space 11 narrowing between the rotating discs 21 towards the cutting opening 12.

The rotating discs 21 are shown in Figures 7 and 8 alone. Each of the rotating discs 21 has a face 211 and a circumferential surface 212 which is frustoconically coupled to the face 211.

The flange 212a is provided with blades 80.

Circular blades 22 are disposed on the front face 211a of the face plate 211 and the circumferential surface 212 which are connected to the oblique guide surfaces 60. The blades 22 are disposed along individual ring rings defined by the respective radius of the rotating disc 21 and are separated from each other by deflection flanges 60b interrupted by apertures 21a.

As shown in Figure 7, the knives 22 are disposed on each ring in a bond relative to the adjacent ring.

As shown in Fig. 6, the angle δ, i.e. the angle μ between the peripheral surfaces 212 and the face faces 211 of the rotating discs 21, is selected so that the peripheral surfaces 212 are parallel to each other and the adjustable width of the cutting aperture 12 on the peripheral surface m distance. Both the angles δ and μ are obtuse angles and are selected so that the material to be chopped is introduced through the processing space 11 into the area of the cutting opening 12. The shredder rests on 50 racks.

The material to be shredded passes through the filling opening 14 into the processing space 11. The continuously narrowing processing space 11 causes the material to be crushed, in which the rotating discs 21 rotate in opposite directions, and the circular blades 22 completely covering the rotating disc 21 hold the material to be crushed. In addition to the rotating discs 21 and the knives 22, the rotation caused by the blades 80 on the rotating discs 21 also contributes to the mixing of the material to be shredded.

The comminuted meal enters from the processing space all the way into the cutting opening 12, where further comminution occurs. Finally, the powder is passed through the opening 15 to the next shredder unit 20, where the homogenization of the powder is completed. Through the openings 21a of the rotating disk 21, the powder is moved from the first rotating disk 21 to the second rotating disk 21, from where it is conveyed by the ejector blades 90 to the second rotating disk 21.

Hereby, the shredder unit 20 is an auxiliary device which may even be omitted, in which case the shredder unit itself will be a pre-shredder unit having two rotating discs 21 operating in opposite directions.

Alternatively, the material pre-crushed by the shredder unit 20 is introduced into the processing space 11 between the two rotating discs 21. This version was not depicted.

The shredder according to the invention, as shown in Figure 9, may also operate in conjunction with a hammer crusher. Figure 9 shows the shredder housing 91 and parts thereof. The shredding space is divided by the rotating disk 99 and the separating wall 98 into the first shredding chamber 97 and the second grinding chamber 99a.

The separation wall 98 includes a through hole 923 through which the material to be processed passes from the chopping chamber 97 to the grinding chamber 992. On the surface of the rotating disk 99, beside the circular knives 922 there are abutments 912, e.g. primary chopping hammers 913, and 99 rotary hammers4

On the opposite side of HU 214 070 Β, there are secondary chipping hammers 913, which are fixed by means of pins 911 in the example of FIG. The cutting edge 916 of the primary chopping hammer 913 runs on the circular path 917, while the cutting edge 916 of the secondary chipping hammer 913 runs on the circular path 924.

The grinding chamber 99a is surrounded by chopping ribs 925. The chopping ribs 925 are located on the rib crown 926 supported by the wreath holder 936. At one end of the rib crown 926 there is provided a suction wall 943, a discharge wall 942, and a deflection projection 944 which facilitate the ejection of the meal.

Fig. 9 also shows the housing part 96 of the shredder housing 91, with a peripheral wall 915, a cover 92, and a cover opening 919, a discharge channel 939, a pivoting wall 921, a drive shaft 910 and a conveyor screw 964 with a worm shaft 965.

The funnel-shaped circular blade 922 is freely mounted on the rotating disc 99. The cutting tool 41 is a cutting blade 411 parallel to the cutting edge 22a of the circular blade 922.

Claims (15)

PATENT CLAIMS A crushing apparatus for grinding and cutting industrial and agricultural products and waste, comprising a housing enclosing a processing space and a rotatably mounted rotating disc, rotating about its own axis, the housing having a filling aperture and a venting aperture, the rotating disc comprising at least one crushing element, preferably a circle. characterized in that the rotary blade / 21 / the blades / 22 / are pivotally mounted, fixed to the housing / 10 / shear tool / 41 /, and between the shear blades / 22 / cutting edges / 22a / and the shear tool / 41 / cutting opening / 12 /. Shredder according to Claim 1, characterized in that the knife has the shape of a / 22 / funnel. Shredder according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting tool / 41 / shear bar or shear / 411 /. Shredder according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting tool (41) is stationary knife (412) and the stationary knife (412) is on the same radius of the knife (22) but opposite the knife (22). placed. Shredder according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting face / 41 / feeding tube / 415 / has an end face / 414 /. 6. 1-5. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circumferential blade (22) is provided with an overlay (23a) and at least part of the processing space (11) has an abrasive insert (16). 7. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on its rotating disc (21) there is a guide surface (60) which is inclined to the periphery and is inclined towards the circumference (60) between the blades / 22 /. 8. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that blades (80) for ejecting the flour (80) are mounted on the periphery (21b) of the rotating disc (21). 9. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotating disc / 21 / has a discharge chamber / 13 / on the opposite side of the rotary blades / 22, the rotating disc / 21 / having at least one opening for running the powder into the discharge chamber / 13 / has at least one ejector blade / 90 / mounted on the side of the rotary disc / 21 / opposite the circular blades / 22 /. 10. Shredder according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cutting tools (41) are fixed in the filling opening (14) of the housing (10). 11. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flanges (60b) on the same side of the rotary disk (21) as the circumferential blades (22) are deflection flanges (60b) and openings (2la) for the passage of the flour. 12. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cylindrical, vertical stationary housing (10 /) comprises a plurality of uniaxial rotary discs (21) distributed along the axis. 13. Shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises two rotary discs (21) driven in opposite directions, each with a rotating disc (21) and a peripheral surface (212) having a conical connection with the end plate (212). are mounted on its peripheral surfaces / 212 / freely rotatable knives / 22 /, the cutting aperture / 12 / is mounted on parallel circumferential surfaces / 212 / are mounted on opposite circles of equal radius / 22 / and the processing space / 11 / is sharply angled to each other closing front faces / 211 /. Shredder according to Claim 13, characterized in that the face plates (211) are also mounted with knives (22), are arranged along concentric circles (22), are adjacent to the knives (22) on adjacent circles, in the same circle. between the knives (22 /) and the inclined guide surfaces (60). 15. Shredding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that stop members (912) movable on both sides of the rotating disc / 99 / outside the circular blades (922), e.g. there are also chipping hammers / 913 /, the inner wall of the housing / 10 / is connected to the inner wall of the cylindrical shredding chamber / 97 / and the partition wall / 98 / is connected to the inner wall of the housing / 10 / a cylindrical grinding chamber with a grinding space behind the rotating disc / 99 / with chopping ribs / 925 / divided by a partition wall / 98 / with flanges on both sides / 912 /, e.g. equipped with chipping hammers / 913 /, with impact stops / 912 / from the chopping chamber / 97 / from the peripheral wall / 915 / and from the grinding fins of the 99aJ / 925 / with a perforation near the upper edge of the partition wall / 983/923 / is provided, permeable to the direction of rotation of the rotary disk / 99 /. The shredder according to claim 15, characterized in that the rotating disc / 99 / is provided with a conveyor screw (964) for conveying material to be milled in the vicinity of the knives / 922 /.