HU207495B - Apparatus for exploitation of subsurface waters in purified quality - Google Patents

Abstract

Regulations for potable water are satisfied by placing purificn. units in or above wells collecting inpure subsurface water. W.r.t. quality of raw water replaceable units operate to provide adsorption oxidn., redn. ion exchange and filtration. Size and type of charge satisfies purificn. demands. Purified water may also be sterilised.(Dwg.0/1)

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for recovering groundwater in purified form.

It is a worldwide phenomenon that, due to increasing contamination of both river and background groundwater, water resources produced by coastal filtration facilities can often be released into the drinking water network only after appropriate treatment. The causes of pollution are more or less known, but due to the enormous costs of controlling water quality, their prevention or elimination can only be imagined in the distant future. In the meantime, however, it must be taken into account that untreated near-surface watercourses that are to be extracted by shore filtration or in pebble terraces will sometimes become persistent or intermittent and require the use of water treatment technologies and facilities for drinking water supplies.

Periodic short-term contamination of raw water can be particularly disruptive because the costly water purification technology and the cost of constructing the associated facilities (works of art) can make the operation of wells uneconomic.

The process of contamination of near-surface water resources is generally slow; dissolved impurities such as nitrate, ammonia, iron, manganese, organic matter, etc. its quantity is barely higher than that specified in the drinking water quality standards for several years, but the water eventually becomes unsuitable for drinking water. Intermittent or continuous deterioration in water quality can disable wells, wells, and even entire catchment areas, although these water resources cannot be abandoned due to rising demand for drinking water and steady decline in drinking water supplies.

It is known that ions occurring in natural waters are bound to varying degrees of strength with natural minerals with ion-exchange properties and with ion-exchange resins. It is also known that activated carbon, commonly used in water treatment, is capable of adsorbing a large amount of dissolved organic matter. Certain oxidative or reductive materials convert some of the water-cations as insoluble precipitates into excellent compounds which can be retained on the filter by a properly formed filter layer.

Water treatment processes and equipment employing the principles of ion exchange, oxidation, reduction, adsorption and mechanical filtration are known in many variants. Within this, there are also solutions that carry out a water purification operation in the well itself or in its vicinity, below the surface. Hungarian Patent Nos. 185,077, 183,996, 181,671, and 170,105 apply to such a solution. A common feature of these solutions is that they act in the aquifer as a whole around wells, which has the disadvantage of purifying substantially larger amounts of water than can actually be produced; the problem is that sediment in the insoluble phase accumulating around the wells will reduce water flow and ultimately result in complete blockage of the aquifer. Bacterial contamination of well water is to be considered in "in situ" biological water treatment processes.

The well known from the Hungarian Patent No. 197373 is a well having masonry chambers containing particulate filter material. It is also possible to regenerate the particulate material. The disadvantage of this solution is that it provides only mechanical filtration, it is not suitable for ion exchange and chemical treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an economical solution for the recovery of groundwater in purified form, including ion exchange, adsorption, oxidation and reduction, as appropriate.

The invention is based on the discovery that either the side wall of a well or the bottom of a mine well or the tentacles of a tentacle or gallery tentacle can be provided with a replaceable filter bounded material having material which is chemically and / or physically active. adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation, reduction, etc.).

On the basis of the above recognition, the object of the present invention has been solved by means of a device having an underground surface water receiving structure, which has an opening for the inlet of water from the aquifer, closed by a filter element or a tent containing a filter element. and which device is characterized in that a charge containing or consisting of a substance which is chemically and / or physically active in the orifice and / or the orifice is exchangeable. The apparatus generally operates on the principles of adsorption, oxidation, reduction, or ion exchange and mechanical filtration.

In a preferred embodiment, the fill is formed by a solid particulate material. It may also be advantageous for the filler to be an adsorbent material, preferably activated charcoal; or such material.

According to another aspect of the invention, the filler is a natural or artificial material having an ion-exchange property, such as bentonite, kniloptilolite; cation or anion exchange resin, or the filling contains such material. It may also be advantageous if the filler is composed of or contains an oxidizing or reducing agent.

Another embodiment of the apparatus is characterized in that it has one or more apertures formed at the height of the aquifer, which are provided on both sides for receiving a filler-containing insert enclosed by filter elements.

It may also be advantageous in the embodiment of the apparatus to have a tentacle well or a tentacle gallery having one or more tentacles, preferably concentric therewith, provided with a liner filter tube and the space between the latter and the outer shell of the tentacle.

According to another feature of the invention, the apparatus has a manhole, the lower portion of which may optionally have a filter-support layer extending beneath the well, with a lower filter element, spaced above the upper filter element, and the two filter elements

HU is between the charges; in this case, it is expedient for the filtering elements to be formed of plastic sheets pierced by openings and for the filtering elements to form part of a insert which contains the charge and which is removable and retractable from a well in a member.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments of the apparatus. On the drawings it is

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a device having a cleaning fill in the side wall of a well; the

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of an apparatus in which the charge is placed in the tentacle of a tentacle or tentacle gallery; the

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of another detail of a device in which a water purification charge is placed in the bottom of a lower inlet shaft.

In Figure 1, the well as a whole is designated by reference numeral (1); in its wall (2) of reinforced concrete, through-holes (4a) of height h are formed by lateral gaps which extend in the water-bearing soil layer H (3). Preferably, h is approximately equal to H. Inside the opening (4a), there are placed inserts (chambers) on the bottom and top with solid plates, on the side, i.e., on the front and on the back, bounded by the filter elements (5a, 5b). The filter elements (5a, 5b) are basically subject to two requirements: they must have sufficient strength (load-bearing capacity) and have a size (gap or hole width) smaller than the particle (6) to be loaded into the insert (4). filler particle size. The volume (4a) of the opening (4a) intended to receive the insert (4) is the product of the width v, the height h and the dimension perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (or circumferentially). The size of the height Ah within the dimension H is practically variable, as is the number of openings (4a); theoretically, respectively. depending on the task at hand, such a chamber may be sufficient to solve a cleaning task. The insert (chamber) has openings (7a, 7b) at the top and bottom which can be opened and closed, through which the solid particulate filler (6) can be removed from the insert (4) and replaced with fresh filler (4). The insert (4) can be disassembled by diving work inside the well (9), brought to the surface, where the filling (6) can be replaced, and the filled insert (4) can be replaced by diving work (4a). A filter support plate (not shown) serves to support the rolling gravel (8) when the insert (chamber) is disposed.

A layer of rolling gravel (8) is provided along the outer surface of the wall (2) (facing the water layer (3)). The interior of well (1) is designated by reference numeral (9).

The solid particulate filler is determined by the quality of the water in the aquifer and / or the

495 B should be selected as a function of the cleaning task. The material of the filling (6) may generally be as follows:

- if the groundwater contains organic pollutants, a substance capable of binding such as charcoal;

- if groundwater is contaminated with anions or cations which are harmful to health, natural or artificial substances with ion-exchange properties, such as bentonites, clinoptilolite, or anionic or cation exchange resins;

- if only substances which can be precipitated by oxidation or reduction are present in the groundwater, an oxidizing or reducing agent, such as activated / incorporated filter media.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 operates in such a way that the groundwater in the aquifer layer (3) flows through the gravel (8) and the filter (5a, 5b) through the gravel (8) and the filter (5a, 5b) according to the arrows. it is purified by natural and / or artificial, chemically and / or physically active material and can be pumped from the interior of the well (9) to its destination (for consumption, storage). Depending on the species, the charge (6) will either bind or exchange or adsorb the pollutant dissolved in water to its capacity until its capacity is exhausted; or by oxidation or reduction to insoluble precipitate and retains it inside the insert (4).

The maximum water-free volume (V _max ) produced by one (1) well is given by the following formula:

BxKxM * max ~~ q where

K = the adsorbing, binding, ion-exchange, reducing, oxidizing capacity of the charge impurity used, in kp equivalent ion / kpx solids;

M = mass of filling kpx solids;

C = the pollutant content of the water to be purified, expressed in kpx equivalent / m ³ ;

B = a safety factor of 0.8.

When the amount of water produced by a well reaches the value less the safety value of the theoretical capacity, the charges must be replaced. After production of the theoretical capacity reduced by 0.5, frequent sampling and analysis of water up to the time of filling change seems appropriate.

Figure 2 shows a detail of a tentacle (10) projecting from a tentacle (not shown) or a tentacle gallery (3) in the aquifer (3). The tubular outer jacket (13) is provided with filter openings (slots), known per se, which are parallel to the longitudinal geometric central axis X of the tongue (10). Inside the outer jacket (13), there is coaxially arranged a liner filter tube (11) having water inlet openings (12) (slots parallel to the longitudinal geometric center axis X) narrower than the outer jacket (13) and the liner (11). - ring cross between filter tube3

The size of the particles of the filling (6), which are located in a space of section 207 495,, which cannot penetrate the inside of the filter-insert (11).

As regards the material of the filling (6), the same applies with respect to Figure 1, that is, any natural and / or artificial material suitable for the decomposition, adsorption, precipitation or exchange of harmful ions with non-harmful ions may be used, The size of its material is greater than the aperture of the filter strainer and does not release any harmful substances into the treated drinking water by trapping, decomposing, precipitating or leaching its own material. These conditions must, of course, apply to all the devices of the invention.

The apparatus according to Fig. 2 operates in such a way that the raw water from the water-bearing soil layer (3) flows through the slots (14) of the outer jacket (13) into the filling filter (11) inside the latter (12). through the openings, and the liner filter tube (11) transfers it to the point of use (storage, consumption). The filler (6) can be replaced by diving, for example, by pumping the particulate material of the spent filler (6) through the inner end (not shown) of the tentacle (10), and then the tentacle (10) with the solid particulate material of the new filler (6). - also with a pump - fill it.

In the bottom region of the lower inlet pit shown in Figure 3, which is indicated by reference numeral 15, the solid particulate material (6) is located between the filter elements (16a, 16b), preferably made of plastic, (perforated plates). and 2 may be any substance (adsorbent; ion-exchange resin; oxidizing or reducing agent, etc.) having the properties already described. At least the upper filter elements (16a) must have a larger aperture than the particle size of the solid particulate filter material forming the charge (6). Below the lower filter element (16b) a filter support layer (gravel filter bottom load) is installed. The groundwater flows from the aquifer (3) through the filter support layer (17) according to the arrows b. ), on the filter element (6) and on the upper filter element (16a) and enter the interior of the well (15) from where it can be conveyed to its destination. In this case, the filler (6) can be changed hydraulically, which means that the filler particles are sucked through the openings of the upper filter element (16a) made of a resiliently deformable material, such as plastic, at a very high pressure of 400600 bar and removed from the pit and the new fresh charge (6) is also pressed downwards at a large pressure of said 400-600 bar downwards between the two filter elements (16a, 16b). However, it is also possible to use the filter elements (16a, 16b) as a lower and upper boundary of a chamber which contains the charge (6) and can be removed and removed from the pit in a member when the charge (6) is exhausted, and can be returned to the bottom of the well (15) with fresh filling (6).

Advantageous effects of the invention may be summarized as follows:

the greatest advantage of the invention is that it is far more economical than all currently known above-ground and underground cleaning facilities. This is due to the fact that installation costs are low due to the non-purification of cleaning structures, and that only the amount of extracted water needs to be flushed through the filling so that the entire water supply area of the extraction site is not unnecessarily purged standard), and the quality of the water produced is such that it does not require any further treatment except after disinfection. A further advantage is that, since the unit carries out the cleaning operation below ground level, there is no need for the extra energy required by the above ground surface cleaners, mainly due to the need for multiple pumping.

The invention is also environmentally advantageous: the removable, unpolluted accumulated contaminant is retained in the filter and is removed from the well so that it does not clog, contaminate, obstruct, diminish water transfer capacity, and permanent alteration of the particle structure.

The present invention is also applicable to existing mine wells, tentacle wells and tentacle galleries in emergencies where temporary water quality degradation occurs; in this case, the insert can be pushed through the slider or pulled out by a hoe.

Note that due to the large filter surface, the velocity of the water entering the apparatus is only slightly higher than the flow rate of the water, which ensures the longest possible reaction time of the charge.

Finally, we emphasize the advantage of the present invention that the nature and quality of the material of the filling material can be greatly adapted to the nature and quality of the raw water to be extracted and that the water flowing through the filling can be raised directly or at least to sanitary water. system.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the solutions described above on the basis of the drawings, but may be implemented in a number of ways within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

An apparatus for recovering groundwater in a purified form, comprising an underground surface water receiving structure having an opening for receiving water from an aquifer, which is closed by a filter element or characterized by a tentacle containing a filter element. , that the filling (6) containing or consisting of a substance that is chemically and / or physically active in the orifice and / or the orifice is interchangeable. HU 207 495 Β Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling (6) consists of a solid particulate material. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filler (6) is or consists of an adsorbent material, preferably activated carbon. 4. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filling (6) is a natural or artificial material having an ion-exchange property, such as bentonite, kniloptilolite; cationic or anion exchange resin, or the filling (6) contains such material. 5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filling (6) is constituted by or contains an oxidizing or reducing agent. 6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ascending wall (2) has one or more openings (4a) at the height of the water-bearing soil layer (3) which is bordered on both sides by filter elements (5a, 5b). (4). 7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a tentacle well or a tentacle gallery, in which one or more tentacles (10), preferably concentric therewith, are provided with an insert filter tube (11) and the outer part of the tentacle (10). the space between the mantle contains the charge (6). 8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a manhole (15) having a lower filter support layer (17) at its lower part, optionally extending below the well, and spaced above the upper filter element (16a). el and the filling (6) is located between the two filter elements (16a, 16b). Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the filter elements (16a, 16b) consist of plastic sheets pierced by openings. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the filter elements (16a, 16b) are part of an insert which contains the filling (6) and which is removable in one member from the well (15) and can be replaced therein. formed.