HU206839B - Filter member for purifying gas flow particularly for filtering exhaust gas produced by internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to a filter body for filtering a gas stream, especially for purifying exhaust gases issued by an internal combustion engine, comprising an inlet (1) for receiving a gas stream to be purified, an outlet (4) for discharging the purified gas stream, a chamber (2) having a casing (7) determining an inner surface and at least one filter member (3) of inherent porosity arranged within the chamber (2), the inlet (1) and outlet (6) being determined by closing plates (6), wherein according to the present invention the filter member (3) is made of an active material comprising inner channel shaped openings for receiving the gas stream and within the chamber (2) directing plates (10) are arranged, further in the chamber (2) each directing plate (10) is partly connected and partly disconnected with the inner surface of the casing (7), and each disconnection determines spacings (5), wherein the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the spacings (5) is equal with or greater than the cross-sectional area of the outlet (4).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a filter chamber for cleaning a gas stream, in particular an exhaust gas produced by an explosive engine, which is formed as a chamber provided with sealing sheets defining a gas stream to be cleaned and a discharge stream carrying a purified gas stream. The filter element according to the invention is capable of retaining the soot and pollutant content of the gas mixtures contaminated, in particular the exhaust gases, in particular the organic doped compounds, but can also be used for the purification of industrial waste gases.

Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines contain a large number of components that are hazardous to human health and the environment. Diesel engines in particular have a high risk of soot pollution, while petrol engines are expected to release significant amounts of lead and organic chemicals harmful to human health. As a result, exhaust gas purification has long been attempted. The removal of organic lead compounds is practically unsolved, unleaded gasoline can be used to eliminate them, but this requires a catalyst unit which is relatively expensive and complex in structure. In the case of diesel engines, a ceramic filter solution developed by Zeuna-Starker (Augsburg, Germany) has become known, in which a chamber formed by filter members made of porous ceramic plates is fitted to the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine. The filter members define passages parallel to each other and to the direction of exhaust gas flow. The passages are closed by spatially disposed ceramic plugs. On the one hand, they trap the soot particles and, on the other hand, force the exhaust stream to pass through the ceramic plates. The captured soot particles block the ceramic filter members in the chamber over a shorter or longer period of time, depending on the degree of contamination, then remove the filter members and destroy the soot particles by incineration. Thus, the chamber can be regenerated. The disadvantage of this solution is that the chamber represents a relatively significant throttle in the engine exhaust system and therefore degrades the performance of the diesel engine.

It is precisely because of the large number of vehicles involved in road traffic that the increase in air pollution which is harmful to the health of drivers and passengers is a growing problem. Therefore, there is a tendency to filter the air entering the vehicle body at a level. Filtering elements for this purpose use low efficiency filter members (pads) made of cotton-like fibrous material (See, for example, Zoltán Sipos, Industrial Air Purity Control, 1987, Chapter 2.4.2.1 of the Technical Gazette).

The object of the present invention is primarily to better meet the environmental demands of filtering and purifying the gases generated by the use of internal combustion engines in the field of road traffic, in particular the need to clean the exhaust gas.

Accordingly, our task is to provide a filter element that allows the exhaust gas to be discharged into the environment by emitting a mixture of organic and inorganic pollutant components into the environment, in particular an internal combustion engine, essentially does not imply any throttle and thus does not reduce the performance of the internal combustion engine when installed in front of the exhaust manifold.

The present invention is based on the discovery that, contrary to the prior art, filter members having a loose structure, practically zeolite-based absorption properties, which do not substantially suppress gas flow, must be used for filtering tasks.

In order to solve this problem, a filter element for purifying the gas stream, in particular the exhaust gas produced by the explosion engines, is provided which is formed as a chamber with a powder chamber, with at least comprising a filter member, the filter member being formed with a particulate active material, in particular zeolite, controlling the flow of gas, having internal buckling-like cavities, and part of the flow of gas separated at intervals from the remainder of the inner surface guiding baffles are arranged where the total area of the flow cross-sections of the gaps is equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet equal to or greater.

In a preferred embodiment of the filter element according to the invention, the mantle is formed symmetrically about the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the end plates, its inner surface is formed in a symmetrical shape, in particular a rectangle, and preferably the baffles differ from the longitudinal axis of the mantle. are arranged at an angle.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the filter element according to the invention comprises a plurality of filter members which at the same time constitute the baffles. In this case, the filter members are preferably enclosed in a rigid frame to provide interchangeability, limited to a perforated metal plate on their flat surfaces, in particular a sieve blade, and guides are provided on the inner surface of the mantle to exchange and grip the filter members.

Another advantageous embodiment is that the filter member is formed as an annular member fitting to the side walls of the chamber, spaced apart from the inside, while its bounding surfaces are at least partially formed of a perforated plate. In this case, one of the bounding surfaces is formed by the mantle by the filter element

The perforated plates having a defined spill or directed towards the inlet are fitted as border plates. Preferably, the baffle facing the outer wall of the chamber is also perforated.

In the filter element according to the invention, when the filter member (s) or several filter members are used, most of them are preferably formed with zeolite, namely zeolite having a particle size of 5 to 8 mm. Filters with up to two filter members at the outlet of the chamber are made of activated carbon to facilitate the removal of fine and small molecule impurities.

The filter element of the present invention provides high efficiency in filtering out various impurities from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and the exhaust gases of industrial plants, since efficient absorption of both inorganic and organic impurities is possible. The filter element is easy to replace and regenerate and has a simple design, so its use does not pose a problem for the operator of an internal combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle.

The invention will now be further exemplified. with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing it is

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view, along the longitudinal axis, of a preferred embodiment of the filter element of the present invention,

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the filter element of Figure 1 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of another preferred embodiment of the filter element of the present invention.

The filter element (1) according to the invention is provided with an inlet connection (2). The inlet (1) is connected, for example, to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, and an outlet (4) is formed opposite it (Figures 1 and 3). The inlet (1) and the outlet (4) are adapted to the closure plate (6), between them there is a skirt (7) defining an inner surface of the chamber (2). In the interior of the chamber (2) there are arranged baffles (10) with a flat surface, so that they do not form a choke element in the gas mixture flowing between the inlet (1) and the outlet (4). The baffles (10) are clamped and supported on a part of their circumference on the inner surface of the chamber (2) defined by the mantle (7), and spaced apart from the skirt (7) by spaced portions (5). The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the spaces (5) is generally not less than the cross-sectional area of the sample (4).

Preferably, the chamber (2) is formed with parallel closure plates (6) on which a longitudinal axis forming the axis of symmetry (7) is perpendicular (Fig. 2).

In the interior of the chamber (2), the baffles (10) are disposed non-perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the inlet (1) and the outlet (4), generally at an angle of about 45 °. The cross-sectional areas of the gaps (5), which are not necessarily the same size, are selected so that their sum is at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet (4). By positioning the baffles (10), the spacing (5) is alternately provided on two opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the chamber (2), thus substantially increasing the flow path between the inlet (1) and the outlet (4). the gas stream is forced to travel along the surface of the baffles (10). In general, the baffles (10) are arranged parallel to each other, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, but this is not necessary. For example, due to the choice of the material of the baffles (10), it may be more advantageous to extend the chamber (2) by placing the baffles (10) substantially perpendicular to one another and the spacing (5) of the baffles (10). (7) defined by its mantle ends and adjacent (10) baffle ends.

According to one embodiment, the filter element according to the invention is formed with baffles (10) which themselves form filter members (3). In this case, as shown in Fig. 2, the filter member (3) is arranged in a frame-like guide (8). Preferably, the guide member (8) is also connected to the guide (8) by means of a frame, the frame (9) engaging sieves, while the active members of the filter members (3) are arranged between the members (9). This is a particulate material with a fibrous internal channel structure and is compressed between the two sieves (9). In this embodiment, the filter members (3) realized by the framed sieve plates (9) are of interchangeable design, that is, after they have been saturated with dirt, they can be removed and regenerated.

Alternatively, the filter element proposed by the present invention is formed by a single filter member (3), which is also a fibrous particulate material having an internal channel structure. The filter member (3) is then placed on the outer surface of the skirt (7), spaced from the outside (12) and spaced from the outer wall of the chamber (2). One end of the filter member (3) passes through the inlet (1), while the other end, at which the inner surface of the mantle (7), at least most of which is covered by a closure plate (6), forms the outlet (4). In this case, at least most of the baffles (10) consist of a solid metallic material. By means of the skirt (7), the filter member (3) can be connected to the exhaust manifold (11) defining the inlet (1).

Of the baffles (10), it may be desirable to form up to the last two of the baffles (4) with activated carbon, which allows the screening of very fine particles or the binding of some compounds. Thus, it has proved very advantageous to have four baffles (10) in the chamber (2) after the inlet (1) as a filter member (3) containing zeolite, while two baffles (3) forming a baffle (10) also forming a baffle (10). follows.

The zeolite-formed filter member (3) can be well regenerated by firing at about 600 ° C.

In the filter element according to the invention, the material of the filter member (s) (3) is a fibrous mineral. Especially suitable is zeolite, such as the natural zeolite marketed by the Mádi Mining Mines, which has a sorption capacity of 30% and 75-80% by weight of silica

It consists of aluminum trioxide and small amounts of iron trioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and disodium oxide. The zeolil is generally utilized in the form of particles of 5 to 8 mm in size, since they are well-compacted by shaking and the compacted material can be readily bonded to the sieves (9) or the perforated plates.

The filter element according to the invention has the following function and mechanism of action:

The exhaust gas flowing through the inlet (1) forces the baffles (10) into a flow path which is substantially out of line and thereby forcing the filter member (s) (3) to penetrate into the material. However, due to the presence of the gaps (5), the gas stream is moving from the inlet (1) to the outlet (4), creating a turbulent flow. The turbulent current 15 penetrates the filter (s) (3) through the screen (9) or the perforated plates (9), continuously passing through its material and absorbing larger particles, some compounds. Thus, it is observed that the compounds containing lead remain in the material of the filter member (3). If necessary, the active carbon filter members (3) provide additional filtration, so that the gas mixture obtained at the outlet (4) fulfills strict environmental conditions. The baffles (10), optionally the spaces (5) between the filter members (3) and the chamber wall (2) ensure that the filter element according to the invention does not substantially impede the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine; does not lead. However, its use is advantageous from an environmental point of view. The filter member (s) (3) may be regenerated by firing at about 600 ° C. Interchangeability makes handling and application easy.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS A filter element for purifying a gas stream, in particular for filtering exhaust gas produced by explosive engines 40, which is formed as a chamber having at least one porous filter material 45 arranged in the chamber with seals defining the inlet and purge gas stream receiving the purge gas stream and the inner surface characterized in that the filter member (3) is formed with a particulate active material, in particular zeolite, which controls the gas flow and has internal channel-like cavities and is supported by a portion (5) spaced from the remainder of the inner surface baffles (10) directing a portion of the gas flow towards the spacers (5), wherein the total area of the flow cross-sections of the spacers (5) is equal to or less than the cross-sectional area of the outlet (4) The larger. Filter element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mantle (7) is formed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the end plates (6), the inner surface of which is formed to form a symmetrical shape, in particular a rectangle. Filter element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the baffles (10) are arranged at an angle other than 90 °, preferably at an angle of 40 to 50 °, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the skirt (7). 4. A filter element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the baffles (10) are formed as filter members (3), wherein the filter members (3) are limited to the perforated metal plates, in particular sifes, held by a rigid frame. Filter element according to claim 4, characterized in that guides are provided on the inner surface of the mantle (7) for changing and grasping the filter members (3). 6. Filter element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter member (3) is formed as a filter element which fits over the outer surface of the mantle (7) located in the chamber (2) and defines the outlet (4). perforated plates (4) are bordered by perforated plates, while the mantle (7) is formed by a perforated plate through which the interior of the filter member (3) travels with the interior defined by the mantle (7). Filter element according to Claim 6, characterized in that the filter element (3) is spaced apart (12) from the inner surface of the chamber (2) and has a perforated plate on the side defining the spacer (12). 8. Filter element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at the outlet (4), up to two baffles (10) are formed as activated filter members (3) as additional filter members (3). 9. Filter element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the skirt (7) is adapted to be fitted to the exhaust manifold of the car. 10. Filter element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter member (s) (3) are formed with a zeolite having a particle size of 58 mm.