HU203712B - Soil-improving and fertilizer-producing process with composting slams of sugar-mills - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing soil improvers and fertilizers by composting using organic manure, fertilizer and lime sludge, such that 30-40 parts by weight of dehydrated sugar factory floating sludge, washing sludge or sand trap, or any mixture thereof, with 33-58 parts by weight of submerged barley manure, or 28-43 parts by weight of phase demolished and a mixture of 10-15 parts by weight of sugar lime sludge and about 2 parts by weight of superphosphate fertilizer, and then composted in a conventional manner by adjusting the moisture content, homogenizing and turning. EN 203 712 A Scope of the description: 4 pages, without figure -1-

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the production of soil improvers and fertilizers by composting, organic fertilizers, fertilizers and sugar factories. using sewage sludge (floating, washing and sand catching sludge) and lime sludge.

It is well known that soil is a mixture of particles of various sizes, solids, minerals and organic matter, forming layers of varying thickness and quality on the earth's surface. The state of the soil, which is closely related to soil fertility, is formed by the interaction of physical, chemical and microbiological activities in a given ecological environment.

The activity of living organisms in the soil can be controlled by the supply of organic matter, the chemical properties of the soil by the addition of macro- and microelements, and the physical state of the soil can be controlled by tillage. On the basis of these findings, various soil improvement methods and methods have been developed, in which various soil improvers - acid resin, lignite powder, gypsum, gypsum sludge, calcium nitrate, calcium sulphate-containing soil layers, sugar mill lime, etc. - apply. Sugar mill lime, which contains finely divided calcium carbonate and other calcium compounds, is one of the most recently used soil improvers.

However, not only lime sludge, but also floating, washing and sand catching sludge, which has not been used for composting, is produced in the sugar factory technology.

The process described in Hungarian Patent Application No. 178981 relates to the preparation of soil improvers by direct treatment of solid or liquid organic sludges, faecal waste, household litter, / or by composting, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

U.S. Patent 204679 discloses a process for the preparation of a potable slurry containing potassium and magnesium in which the dolomite lime ore is coagulated with one or more lime and cement wastes (by-product slurry and / or cement rotary kiln). The process yields a material with favorable properties and good physical properties by incorporation of cations into minerals, which is particularly suitable for the improvement of acidic and / or magnesium-poor soils.

A process for enhancing the biological value of soils is described in Hungarian Patent Application No. 182677, which comprises adding to the soil, fertilizers, leaves, organic waste materials metallization or "metallization" (e.g. formaldehyde) and optionally one or more known agrochemicals.

A process for the production of organic matter enriched with natural minerals is described in Hungarian Patent Publication No. 190,531, in which composting is made from a mixture of agricultural wastes, industrial and municipal sewage sludge, liquid and organic matter and apple manure with mineral matter or clay marrow.

A process for the treatment of municipal wastewater and / or slurry is described in Hungarian Patent Application No. 186,257 by phase separation.

Hungarian Patent Publication No. A175 638 discloses a process and apparatus for the thickening and composting of slurry. The process involves the use of non-phase compression compression. The slurry is applied on an absorbent layer (straw, corn stalk, peat), and after the application of a sufficient amount of absorbent layer, the fertilizer does not drain more juice. The manure is then composted in the conventional way. The absorbent material used increases the cellulose content of the fertilizer.

Hungarian patent application A178 725 discloses the treatment and complex utilization of slurry. The process involves separating the liquid and solid parts by phase separation and then utilizing them separately. However, the above process does not yield a complex material similar to the product of the process of the invention.

A common disadvantage of the above processes is that the products of any of the processes do not contain any amount and material of minerals that will affect the physical state of the soil, i.e. grain distribution, water permeability, etc. - would significantly improve it.

Fekete, Z. et al. (1959, 1964): Soil Science and Agrochemistry (Agricultural Publisher, Budapest) describe some basic conditions of the composting process and the most important technological elements of making different compost, but these cannot be generalized to all composting technologies. It was known that the physical, chemical properties and mixing ratios of the starting compost materials fundamentally determine the composting process. Thus, if new types of raw materials are to be composted, the conditions for composting must be determined experimentally.

One object of the present invention was to experimentally produce a soil improver which, unlike known products for similar purposes, is capable of improving the physical condition of the soil in contrast to the products of the soil and has a high fertilizer value. We also aimed at the agricultural utilization of sugar mill wastewater sludge, ie floating, washing and sand catching sludge.

Our invention is based, in part, on the finding that floating, washing and sand-catching sludge, which consists of washing water, soil, sand and root residues and has no high fertilizer value in itself (see Table 1), , as it positively influences the particle distribution of the soil, ie the physical state of the soil through the pore relationships of the soil.

EN 203 712 The Tape. The beneficial effect is that it is found on the surface of the soil and the surface produced by the less eventual process breaks into the soil and sludges. when applied, the water permeability of the soil increases, the water does not

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of sugar mill sludge and lime sludge (60% dry matter)

Physical and chemical properties Floating and washing sludges Test values Grit mud lime sludge Physical sand% 50 85 43 Physical Material% 50 15 57 pH (H ₂ O) 8.1 12 8.4 Total Salts% 0.15 0.21 0.16 CaCO ₃ % 7.5 9.0 45 Szevesanyag% 3.9 2.6 11 Total N% 0.21 0.17 0.30 NO ₃ + NO ₂ mg / kg 10 50 110 Total P ₂ O ₅ % 0.16 0.11 0.23 al-p ₂ o ₅ *% 0.16 0.11 0.23 Total K ₂ O% 0.30 0.08 0.06 AL-K ₂ 0 ** mg / kg 550 84 -

* P2O5 content measured with ammonium lactate extractor AL-P2O5 ** = K2O content measured with ammonium lactate extractor

The average nutrient supply of the sugar beet growing area of Hungary in 1989 according to the soil test: humus content 2.74%, AL-P ₂ O ₅ 184 mg / kg, AL-K ₂ O 258 mg / kg. The nutrient content determined by the AL method provides information on the amount of nutrient that can be directly absorbed by the plant and partly on the amount that can be taken up during the growing season. According to the data, the nutrient content of the floating and washing sludge and the sand-sludge sludge is slightly higher than the corresponding value of the sugar beet growing areas (AL-P ₂ O, AL-K ^ O), but its fertilizer value is not high.

We have further discovered that when sugar sludge is mixed with organic fertilizers, lime sludge and a small amount of superphosphate as a nutrient source for bacteria to improve soil bioavailability, and composted, it has excellent physical and chemical properties (see Table 2). spreadsheet). The compost ingredients and their mixing ratios were experimentally determined to provide the physical, chemical and biological conditions for the composting process and to provide a good quality end product.

Table 2

Comparison of the Composition of the Product of the Invention with the Super Compost in the Market

components New compost material Super Compost Dry matter% 60-70 60-65 Organic material % 12-18 20-25 totalDistance% 0.4-0.6 0.7-1.0 P ₂ O ₅ % 0.5-0.6 1.5-2.0 K ₂ O% 0.6-0.7 1.2-1.6 CaCO ₃ % 10-15 2.0-2.5 mg% 0.3-0.4 0.5-0.8 Fe% 1.4-1,6 0.1-0.4 Mn mg / kg 300-400 230-260 pH 7.5-8.0 6.5-7.0

The nutrient content of the product of the present invention is similar to that of a high quality barn fertilizer. Compared to super-compost, the new compost material has a slightly lower nutrient content, but contains 5-6 times more CaCO ₃ than lime soil improvers and lime manure. In this respect, the product is better than the known super-compost because, besides its fertilizer value, it also has a significant soil-improving effect on lime-poor, acidic soils.

According to the invention, 30-40% by weight of the desiccated float 60 of the sugar factory is supplemented with washing mud or sand-trapping mud or

Mixture of any ratio is mixed with 33-58 parts by weight of litter stable manure, or 28-43 parts by weight of solid phase of slurry of pig slurry and ΙΟΙ 5 parts of peat, 10-15 parts of sugar mill lime and about 2 parts of superphosphate fertilizer. The mixing ratio of the compost feedstock is given, which allows us to achieve a favorable composting process. The mixture is homogenized and its moisture content is adjusted to about 60-70% by mixing an amount of nitrogen sources, preferably urea, in an amount of 0.5% by weight of nitrogen, followed by 2-2.5 m bottom width and 1.5- Sprinkle with 2 m high compost pile. The stack thus formed is checked for moisture and when the moisture content drops below 3540% after about 1-1.5 months, the stack is turned over and re-homogenized. After three turns, homogenization and humidification, after three to five months of maturation, good chemical, physical and biological properties of soil improvers and fertilizers are obtained.

Some of the raw materials used for composting (barley manure, peat, slurry solid phase, lime slurry) have their individual fertilizer value or soil improvers known. However, the combined composting technology of sugar mill wastewater sludge (floating, washing, sand trapping sludge) and the raw materials used in the present invention is novel and cannot be solved by literature alone without experimentation.

The material produced by the process of the invention

main characteristics of laboratory tests are as follows: dry 60-70% organic material 12-18% nitrogen 0.4-0.6% phosphorus pentoxide 0.5-0.6% potassium oxide 0.6-0.7% calcium carbonate 10-15% magnesium 0.35 to 0.4% manganese 0.03-0.04% iron 1.4-1.6% pH 7.5-8.

The soil improvers and fertilizers with the above characteristics are of earthy consistency and are suitable for soil improvement, replacement of organic matter, macro- and microelements in horticulture and arable crops, without any adverse effects on the environment.

The following examples illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit it in any way.

EXAMPLE J 1 part by weight of apple barn fertilizer was mixed with 38 parts by weight of a 1: 1: 1 mixture of floating, sand trapping and washing sludge, and 12 parts by weight of sugar mill lime and 2 parts by weight of superphosphate fertilizer.

The mixture was homogenized by inversion and the moisture content was adjusted to 67%. The wet mixture was sprayed into a compost tray with a bottom width of 2.2 m and a height of 1.7 m. The moisture content of the heap is constantly monitored and when it drops below 35-40% (1-1.5 months), the heap is rotated and, with further homogenization, the humidity is readjusted and further matured. The above operations are repeated twice.

After 4-5 months, an earthy consistency is obtained.

Example 2

The procedure described in Example 1 was followed except that a 1: 1: 1 mixture of 30 parts by weight of sugar mill floating, sand trapping and washing sludge with 40 parts by weight of solid phase pig slurry, 15 parts by weight of peat, 13 parts by weight of sugar mill lime mixed with parts by weight of superphosphate.

The process according to the invention has the advantage that

- valuable soils and fertilizers can be produced from sugar mill sludges;

- as a soil improver, it positively influences the particle distribution of the soil, thereby increasing its physical properties, such as water permeability, preventing potting and sludging; and prevents soil acidification;

- the process allows both litter and pig pig manure to be processed into a product which is odorless, earthy in consistency, easy to apply and non-seasonal and can be applied at any time to the soil to be treated.

Claims (1)

A process for the preparation of soil improvers and fertilizers by composting using organic fertilizers, fertilizers and sugar mill lime, characterized in that 30 to 40 parts by weight of dewatered sugar plant sewage sludge, such as floating sludge, washing sludge or sandblast sludge, or a mixture thereof, -43 parts by weight of a solid phase slurry of pig slurry and 10-15 parts by weight of peat, 10-15 parts by weight of sugar mill lime slurry and about 2 parts by weight of superphosphate fertilizer are then composted in the usual way.