HU203495B - Method for producing printing-industrial products of embossed surface - Google Patents

Abstract

Embossed prints are prepd. by developing an initial flat image on a substrate. The substrate is brought into contact with a relief forming polymer prepn. Excess polymer is removed and the assembly is heat treated. During the prepn. of the flat image 1-2 wt.% alkyl cellulose or cellulose deriv., or casein or alginate thickener and 80-90 wt.% electrolyte soln. and opt. 0.2-0.5 wt.% colourant is used.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for producing embossed surface printing products, in particular to forming relief images on substrates.

The process of the present invention can be used to produce printing products for the blind, membrane equipment for chemical and medical purposes, and decorative articles.

Methods for forming a relief image on a printing substrate are known in which the substrate is molded. This category of procedure also includes Braille; in Braille printing, text and drawings are printed on hard cardboard or vacuum-impregnated with thermoplastic polymer sheet [Review of the European Blind, No. 4, (46), 1984, Berlin, P. Edman, "The Materials of the Production and Exchange of Relief" in Sweden ”, 18-21. p.], or continuous printing with cylindrical forms (British Patent No. 2,127,746). No. 776,604. According to Soviet copyright certification, the base plate is a semi-permeable membrane made of fluorine-containing plastic, which is molded into a relief surface membrane element with a semicircular seal. A relief base for membrane elements is also produced by shaping metal ceramic plates in the region of the hot stream (Soviet Authorization No. 948,386,948,387).

The disadvantages of these known processes are that the base is formatted with a lot of energy, and that due to their low strength, non-deformable base materials and due to their function are not applicable to deformable products.

There is also known a method of forming relief images on a base sheet by applying the entire amount of relief-forming material to the base sheet (substrate) by printing; for these processes, the relief material is a liquid material and a perforated template or screen printing template is used as the printing form (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-17957).

The main disadvantage of the process is that the relief-forming polymer can only be applied to the substrate under very difficult conditions because of the intrinsic cohesive forces of the viscosity relief material As having a viscosity better than the adhesive forces acting between the polymer and the base and the polymer. In addition, the productivity of the process is not satisfactory, as Hardening in the polymeric form is only assured if the form and the base are pressed together for a long time. The process of producing Braille written printing products also has a disadvantage in terms of tactile perception of Braille. Only relief consisting of spherical dots is clearly perceptible, but the relief image obtained by the known method tends to consist of cylindrical dots and thus less palpable.

No. 2,529,043. According to the German patent, relief relief is provided on a support with a polymer that also contains a pore forming component. By applying a screen printing technique, a flat image is applied, and the flat image is heat treated, whereby pores are formed in the material of the image, and the flat image is then foamed into a profile, a relief.

This procedure is known as the "Kiwoprint procedure; is currently considered to be the most promising procedure in the field of transcription printing [Review of the European Blind, No. 4]. (46), Berlin, 1984, Conclusions and Recommendations of the International Conference on Tactical Representation for the Blind, p. 23] The process is very advantageous if the printing product (newspapers, thin journals) consisting of a few pages is to be produced in medium or large quantities. . However, the procedure is not advantageous for large pages, because each page needs to have a screen printing template, usually a cylindrical template. Storing all templates over time requires a lot of storage space. The process is to print the whole, many copies of the Gifts at one time, but this is not always Avanatos; in developing countries, for example, it is not advisable to print textbooks in huge numbers at the outset, but as the education of the blind has developed there, so should the reprinting of books.

There is also known a method of relaying relief images on a substrate (US Patent Publication No. 22 17 985), which produces a flat image of an adhesive and then removes a relief, thermoplastic powder onto a substrate, image, and removes excess powder. the stuck powder is melted. The dust particles adhere to the adhesive used to make the image, while the dust-free areas do not adhere to the powder, so they can be inflated, shaken, or electrostatically removed. By melting the powder adhering to the image, relief is finally created. The advantage of this process is that standard polygraphic procedures and machines, such as printing presses, are used to apply a flat image to printing operations. screen printing and gravure printing can be used. The disadvantage of the process is that only a single layer of powder adheres to the wet, adhesive surface of the flat image. The remainder of the dust falls off both the surface and the base of the image, and is no longer involved in the formation of the image. As a result, the relief has a limited convexity, which reduces Atapability and makes it difficult to adjust the height of the relief. It should be noted that during the melting, the convexity is further reduced, since the voids in the powder are filled. Finally, this method cannot be used to create hemispherical points, that is, well-tangible relief.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention was to provide a method for producing a relief image, on a substrate, of a satisfactory height with a hemispherical cross-section using conventional polygraphic equipment. The hemispherical shape improves Atapability, while higher elevation provides a way to adjust the height of the relief image.

The above task has been solved by a method of forming a flat image on a substrate, also applying a composition comprising a relief-forming polymer to the substrate, and then treating the substrate bearing the image with snow. It is characteristic of the method according to the invention that the flat image is produced

1-20% by weight of alkylcellulose or its derivative or casein or alliginated derivative as a thickener, and

HU 203 495 Β

80-991% electrolyte solution and, if desired

The 0.2-0.51% colorant composition is applied in one or more layers, or the compositions of different compositions are applied successively in several layers, the substrate is then dried at 20-60 ° C, and then the synthetic elastomer and / or a liquid dispersion containing 15-60% by weight of natural rubber is applied and the substrate bearing the image is heat-treated at 20-125 ° C.

The basis for forming relief images from liquid dispersions is that the relief agent is dispersed in the dispersion as a disperse phase, but when the dispersion is destabilized (broken, broken down), the dispersion particles adhere. The composition applied to the carrier (substrate) according to the image to be formed contains a substance which imparts a dispersion. For example, electrolytes are suitable for breaking dispersions, so the image is drawn with an electrolyte. If we now apply an elastomer dispersion to this "chemical" image, the dispersion will break at the electrolyte sites, i.e., the image, while the state of the dispersion remains unaffected. Since the electrolyte particles diffuse in the aqueous medium of the dispersion, a three-dimensional concentration space is created in which the dispersion coagulates. This is the reason why the planar "electrolyte image" is capable of inducing spatial relief. Thus, the shape of the relief depends both on the shape of the flat image painted with the electrolyte composition and on the spatial distribution of the concentration gradient caused by the electrolyte diffusion.

The polymer dispersion may be a natural, synthetic or artificial polymer, or mixtures thereof. Thus, the relief-forming polymer may have the widest spectrum of chemical, physical and mechanical properties that determine the functional and operational properties of the relief-containing products. The polymers used provide flexibility and flexibility to the relief image

The electrolyte used to break the dispersion is a major component of the flat image formulation. For the breaking of most anionic dispersions, materials containing salts of divalent metals such as BA, Ca, Mg and Fe as well as amino groups, such as calcium chloride, calcium nitrate or mixtures thereof, are preferred. CaCl and Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ are commonly used in the industry and are preferred because the calcium salts are widely soluble in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media. In addition, said salts are non-toxic. In the case of a cationic polymer dispersion, a polyvalent acid such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid is used as the electrolyte.

The method of the present invention enables the formation of convexities of various heights by the following three methods:

changing the electrolyte concentration in the electrolyte composition used to produce the flat image;

changing the electrolyte type in the electrolyte composition used to produce the flat image;

- using the same electrolyte composition to produce a flat image, but applying it to the higher image portions multiple times (in several layers). Since compositions (color pastes, etc.) used in printing technology must have a certain density, otherwise they cannot be used, for example, for screen printing or gravure printing, it is desirable to add a thickener to the aqueous electrolyte composition. The thickener is also an adhesive that binds the formed relief better to the substrate. Finally, the thickener may act as a depot and delay the diffusion of the electrolyte into the dispersion.

Alkylcellulose derivatives may be used as thickening agents. Methylcellulose can be used in two forms: water-soluble methylcellulose, which can be plasticized with glycerol, glycol, and polyglycol, and oxyethylcellulose, which is highly soluble in both hot and cold water, and the carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt. Casein may also be used.

If desired, colorants may be added to the composition used to form the flat image. This is convenient because it allows you to check the quality of the recorded image. Coloring agents include nigrosine, aniline dyes, food dyes or pigments.

After the dispersion has been applied to the substrate of the image, the dispersion is preferably removed from the surface portions which do not contain the image, by washing with water, suction or other means. If dispersion traces on non-picture parts do not affect product usability, washing may be omitted, since most of the dispersion flows from areas where it does not coagulate.

The painted and then treated substrate is preferably exposed to heat and ultraviolet or gamma radiation as this will favorably affect the final formation of the profile.

In the case of individual products or low-volume products, the electrolyte-containing composition is preferably applied to the substrate by means of a pen, a felt-tip pen or a rapidograph. In this case, the theological properties play a role in the composition of the electrolyte composition, since the viscosity and other theological properties of the composition should largely correspond to the ink that can be applied with a pen, rapidograph.

In addition to the manual relief of the planar relief design, a plotter (machine drawing tool) connected to an electronic data processing machine may also be advantageously used. In this case, we can not only mechanize the execution of the flat image, but also use special programming to correct the content of the image, if the special nature of the given item warrants it.

In this way, the process can provide various orientation tools for the blind, such as subway, apartment block, ABC store, hotel information, and geography, anatomy, botany, and other subjects.

HU 203 495 Β

The electrolyte-containing composition is preferably applied to the substrate by polygraphy. There are high-performance machines capable of producing high-volume editions for polygraphic processes. During printing, the printing mold carries a small amount of electrolyte composition to the substrate; this amount is approximately the amount of toner that is transferred to the printing press for plain text and image printing. The rheological properties of the electrolyte composition are selected so that they are nearly identical to the rheological properties of the printing ink.

The relief image is created with a device that has nothing to do with the printing press, so that, if desired, the flat image and the spatial relief can be executed separately in time and space. However, it is also possible to combine the two operations into continuous production. Because the existing polygraphic technique is used to produce a flat image, the process of the invention can be rapidly introduced into production.

The printing process used to create flat images is productive if the printing process for the product is well selected. Screen printing has the advantage of having to make small prints quickly. Examples include experimental production of glazed printing products, membrane elements and ornaments. The silk-screen pressure is suitable for both manual pilot production and mechanized and automated serial production. The structural feature of the forms used in screen printing is that they provide a sufficient amount of electrolyte for the flat image, allowing for a very high relief of up to several millimeters.

Highly productive and highly automated intaglio printing is desirable if the process of the present invention is to produce large quantities of membrane elements, ornaments, or glazed printing products. The intaglio printing may contain printing elements of different depths, so that different amounts of ink can be applied to a particular substrate on different parts of the same image. In this way, a profile with different elevations is subsequently obtained on a single-stage printed basis.

Multicolor printing allows us to produce reliefs of varying prominence for both screen and gravure printing. This is particularly important in the case of non-letterpress printing products; different heights of relief may carry additional information that can be sensed by touch.

In addition to screen printing and intaglio printing, offset printing and other special printing techniques such as indirect intaglio printing, flat book printing, etc. can be used to create flat images. can also be applied. If basic (carrier) textiles are used, textile printing processes, fabric printing machines can also be used.

The electrolyte composition may also be applied to the substrate by light picking. By combining the method of the present invention, light picking and the use of a high-performance printing machine, the existing mass of data can be made accessible to the blind. This option is based on the fact that the vast majority of printing products for the viewer are photocopied, ie all data is in edited form on machine-readable media (magnetic disk, magnetic tape, punch card, punch tape). The grammar of Braille is the same as the grammar of the text for the visitor. Therefore, the data encoded for the photocopier can easily be translated into Braille encoded data. Such a program can be used to create a flat Braille print from a data set that can be used to produce any type of printing product for the visitor. You can also make custom Braille-typed printing products for your personal order.

For the tactile relief of the blind, paper, paper or fabric is preferably used as the substrate. The substrate is selected on the basis of its tactile properties, electrolyte composition and dispersion, and adhesion between the substrate, and finally strength, moisture resistance, price and availability.

Labeling and labeling products are based on woven or knitted or crocheted products or possibly self-adhesive synthetic paper. In special cases, relief products for the blind can be made on metal, wood, glass, plastic or leather.

The most suitable synthetic papers for the purposes of the present invention are paper made from polyethylene terephthalate film, synthetic paper coated on one side, and synthetic paper based on polyethylene terephthalate film on both sides. Of the cellulose-based papers, the most preferred is paper made with melamine-formaldehyde resin, given that the wet strength of this paper is still 30% of the dry strength.

When making labels for fixing the color, size and cut of textile products carried by the blind, it is preferable to use natural and synthetic fabrics as a base, and to treat both sides of the fabric; on the tissue surrounded by dispersion coagulated on both sides, the relief adheres much more to the base. Another way to make labels is to print relief text or graphics on synthetic paper with one side covered with a release liner (possibly silicone paper) protected by an adhesive. Such labels can be easily affixed to pharmaceutical packaging, food, covers and backs of braille books, cassette tapes and other household items.

Equipment for separating liquids, e.g. membrane filters can also be used to form membranes such as dividing, collecting and sealing contours of membranes. A selective membrane is used as the basis for the contours (i.e. the relief image). The main elements of such a separation device are: · contours (convex contours) which distribute the medium to be separated on the surface of the membrane, collecting contours, which guide the liquid to 41

EN 203 495 Β the membranes which form the selective interface between the fluid. The height of the relief portions of the membranes suitable for such purposes is within the range of a few 5 dozen microns to a few hundred microns, i.e. within the capabilities of the process of the invention.

If a selective membrane is used as a base, a relief image may be formed on both sides.

Synthetic and / or natural polymers are used as the starting material for the membrane, and the composition can be used to determine the structure and selectivity of the membrane. The membranes may be made using organosilicon compounds, organofluorine compounds, polyamide, polyurethane, cellulose and collagen. 15

In the case of membrane preparation, the process according to the invention is carried out as follows. Prepare the projected relief image in the same way as text or drawings, such as a photo template or tracing paper. The draft of the image (sample) can be 20 on machine-readable media (hole tape, card, magnetic tape).

The composition of the electrolyte composition and dispersion, the type of printing process, the printing form and the manner of relief formation are selected depending on the content, resolution, shape of the lines on it and the height of the desired relief.

The choice of base depends directly on the area of use of the relief product and on the technology of relief formation. Synthetic paper with a paper-like layer and cellulose-based paper are used to print braille text. In the case of membranes, the basic ribbon or plate-shaped selective membrane is used. When making ornaments, metal, wood, paper, fabric, glass, leather can be used. 35

The composition of the electrolyte composition used to form the relief image also depends on the application of the article. The composition of the preparation is as follows:

1-20% by weight of alkylcellulose or its derivative as a thickener and 40

80-991% electrolyte solution and, if desired

0.2-0.51% coloring agent.

The above composition is applied to the substrate by one of the generally known printing techniques, or the pattern (image) is manually created using a pen, a brush or a rapidograph. The electrolyte-treated substrate, that is to say, the image and the sample, is preferably dried so that the substrate is transportable (if relief is sought elsewhere) and the image is more protected against accidental injury. 50

The next step is to create the relief. The substrate bearing the electrolyte drawn flat image is treated by dipping, pouring, spraying, or other method on the elastomeric liquid dispersion.

The liquid dispersion contains 15-60% by weight of the dispersed elastomer.

The dispersion is left on the base for 15 seconds to 5 minutes, then the excess is removed by rinsing with tap water, blowing with compressed air or simply shaking. If we additionally provide the product with properties such as water repellency and resilience, the dispersion is not removed from the treated base; at the untreated sites, the dispersion remains as a thin film.

The treated base is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature between 20 and 125 ° C. The finished relief can be subsequently coated with varnish, paint, sprinkled with anti-adhesive powder, etc. The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

To produce braille text, a relief image, i.e., dotted writing, is printed on both sides of a paper support t. The paper used is a polyethylene terephthalate film having a paper-like layer on both sides, consisting of a film-forming polymer and a titanium dioxide filler. The composition of the electrolyte composition is as follows:

calcium chloride 11.2% by weight carboxymethylcellulose-Na 8.0% by weight water 80.6% by weight.

The treated base was dried by heating at 60 ° C with warm air for 3 minutes and then immersed in a polybutadiene / styrene dispersion at 20 ° C containing 25% by weight of dispersion for 1 minute. The extruded support was dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes or heat treated. The puncture points are 03 mm high, ak, 1 mm in diameter at the bottom, and regular in shape.

sphere. r:

Example 2

When making Braille text, the pattern of Example 1 is printed on paper by screen printing. The base paper is essentially a synthetic paper polyethylene terephthalate film which has a layer of copolymer and titanium dioxide on both sides.

The composition of the electrolyte composition is as follows:

calcium nitrate 18 wt% oxyethyl cellulose 12 wt% ethanol 40 wt% water 30 wt%.

The rivers dispersion contains 23% by weight of polybutyl acrylate. The image-bearing base is held in the dispersion for 70 seconds, then rinsed with tap water for 5 minutes and then the relief base

Dry at 125 ° C for 30 minutes. The height of the writing points is 0.6 mm.

Example 3

In the same manner as in Example 1, 100% bleached sulphite cellulose paper was used as carrier, where the fibers were glued with 3% melamine-formaldehyde resin. The design relief consists of three types of elements of different heights, printed with different concentrations of electrolyte. The first composition contains 11%, the second 18.4% and the third 36.8% by weight of calcium chloride, while the carboxymethylcellulose content (8% by weight) is the same. The height of the finished relief is 03, 0.8 and 1.2 mm, respectively.

HU 203 495 Β

Example 4

Braille text is created by polygraphy. The relief image is applied to the substrate by a photobleaching device, which in this case is a polyethylene terephthalate film with a paper-like layer on both sides of a film-forming polymer and a filler material (titanium dioxide and aerosil). The electrolyte composition is as follows:

calcium nitrate 18% by weight oxyethylcellulose 12% by weight ethanol 40% by weight water 30% by weight

The printed image carrier was kept in a dispersion of 25% by weight of polybutyl acrylate for 70 seconds, then dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes. The height of the relief points is 0.5 mm.

Example 5

Membrane cells are made for equipment that can saturate the blood with oxygen. The lines on the membrane elements (separating fluid collection, distribution channels, seals) are printed by screen printing. The membrane elements are based on silicone paper having an average pore size of 45 g / m ² and an average pore size of 0.3-0.5 µm. The composition of the electrolyte composition is as follows:

calcium chloride 15% calcium nitrate 15% oxyethylcellulose 12% denatured alcohol 40% water 18%.

The applied image membrane is immersed in a 25% dispersion of natural rubber ("Revultex") (this dispersion is widely used in the pharmaceutical drug manufacturing industry). After one minute, the membrane is removed, left in the air for 30 seconds (to allow the latex to form), and soaked in tap water for 20 minutes. The finished membrane element is air-dried for 15 minutes and then heat-treated at 120 ° C for 20 minutes while the relief solidifies through crosslinking.

The finished membrane element has a relief height of 0.15 mm.

Example 6

Braille text was fixed on a paper made of 100% bleached sulfate cellulose, glued with 3% melamine-formaldehyde resin, using a rapidograph. The composition of the electrolyte composition is as follows:

calcium chloride 40% by weight water 60% by weight.

The dispersion contains 25% by weight of polybutadiene styrene. The image was left in the dispersion for 1 minute, then the molded relief carrier was rinsed with tap water for 5 minutes and then dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes.

The relief points of the resulting products are 0.9 mm high.

Example 7

Braille text was prepared as described in Example 2, except that the liquid dispersion was a dimethylformamide dispersion of a benzene solution of polypropylene (polypropylene is soluble in benzene and this solution is distributed in fine droplets to the disulfide form forming the continuous phase); 201%).

The relief points of the resulting product are 0.3 mm high.

Example 8

A convex map for sale as memorabilia or ornaments is prepared using the base, electrolyte, and dispersion described in Example 2. The map was allowed to air dry at room temperature for 2 hours. In the next step, electrolyte is applied once again to the areas of the higher points of the map and dried again for two hours. Areas forming the peaks of the map were finally treated a third time with electrolyte and air-dried for 2 hours. The resulting flat map is immersed in the dispersion and left for 70 seconds. The excess dispersion was removed by rinsing with tap water for 5 minutes and the product was dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes. The map showing the natural curves of the fold contains 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.3 mm high profiles.

Example 9

The procedure is the same as in Example 2, but the image is applied with a pen with the following composition:

sodium chloride 32% by weight carboxymethylcellulose-Na 8% by weight water 60% by weight.

Another part of the picture is made with another electrolyte:

calcium chloride 23% by weight carboxymethylcellulose-Na 8% by weight water 69% by weight.

A third part of the picture is made with the following electrolyte:

neodymium chloride 7% by weight carboxymethylcellulose-Na 8% by weight water 85% by weight.

The picture base is held in the liquid dispersion for 70 seconds, then rinsed with tap water for 5 minutes. The substrate was dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes.

Depending on the different treatments, the relief parts of the image show different heights: 0.3, 0.7 and 1.2 mm.

Example 10

0.1 mm thick capron tissue is used as the base and screen printed on the color side with an electrolyte solution of the following composition:

calcium chloride 23% by weight methylcellulose 7% by weight water 70% by weight.

The liquid dispersion used is 20% Rewultex dispersion. The image is kept in the dispersion for 1 minute, then allowed to freeze in air for 30 minutes, and then the substrate with the image, which still contains a thin layer of dispersion in the unpainted areas, is dried at 100 ° C for 20 minutes. THE

HU 203 495 Β fabric has relief on both sides, 0.15 mm high. The surface of the image is water repellent.

Example 11

Braille printing is done on paper using bleached sulfite cellulose fibers glued with 3% melamine-formaldehyde resin. The composition of the electrolyte used is as follows:

ferric chloride 25.0% by weight water 54.5% by weight sodium salt of casein 20% by weight tartrazine dye 05% by weight.

The relief base is dried by blowing warm air at 60 ° C for 4 minutes and then immersed in a dispersion containing 60% polybutyl acrylate for 4 minutes. The relief image was then washed with tap water for 5 minutes and then dried at 125 ° C for 30 minutes.

The resulting surface has light yellow dots with a 1.3 mm protrusion.

Example 12

The membrane elements of an oxygen saturation device for human blood are prepared using a polyamide membrane as a base. On the basis, the various channels for collecting and distributing the liquid, the sealing contours, are formed by sample printing with the following electrolyte composition:

barium nitrate 1.0 wt% water 78.8 wt% polyvinyl alcohol 20.0 wt% indigo carmine dye 0.2 wt%.

The applied relief image is immersed in a 15% dispersion of "Revultex" natural rubber latex. The membrane is kept in the dispersion for 2 minutes, then in the air for 1 minute, then rinsed with running water for 20 minutes. The plate is then air dried for 15 minutes and then 120 ° C for 120 minutes while the relief material is vulcanized. The finished membrane element has a relief height of 0.18 mm and is blue in color.

Example 13

The membranes described in Example 12 are prepared, but the electrolyte is deposited on a base plate of poburethane by screen printing. The composition of the electrolyte composition is as follows:

magnesium nitrate 50% by weight sodium alginate 10% by weight water 39.8% by weight nigrosine dye 0.2% by weight.

The applied relief membrane was immersed in 45% natural rubber latex (Rewultex). The membrane was kept in the dispersion for 30 seconds and then air was rinsed for 2 minutes and then rinsed with tap water for 20 minutes. The membrane is then air-dried for 15 minutes, then heated to 120 ° C for 20 minutes while the relief is cured. The finished membrane is black and has a relief height of 0.8 mm.

Claims (10)

PATIENT INDIVIDUAL POINTS 1. A method for producing convex printing products by forming a planar image on a substrate, contacting the image carrier with a relief polymer composition, optionally removing the excess polymer composition and heat treatment the substrate to form a planar image. 1-201% alkylcellulose or its derivative, or casein or alligenic derivative as a thickener and 80-991% electrolytic solution and if desired A composition containing 0.2% by weight of coloring agent is applied in one or more layers or in a variety of compositions in succession in several layers, after which the substrate bearing the image is dried at 20-60 ° C, followed by a synthetic elastomer and / or naturally occurring as a relief component. 15-60% liquid dispersion containing rubber is applied, and after removal of the excess of the dispersion, the carrier containing the image is heat treated at 20-125 ° C. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat image is formed as an electrolyte with a composition containing a water-soluble salt of barium, calcium, magnesium or iron, preferably chloride and / or nitrate. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrolyte concentration of the composition used to form the flat image is adjusted to between 1 and 40% by weight. 4. Referring to 1-3. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, when the electrolyte composition is applied in several layers, the contours of the previous layer are partially or completely filled with the subsequent layer. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate comprising the flat image is contacted with a dispersion containing synthetic and / or natural elastomer for 15-240 seconds. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate comprising the flat image is contacted with 15 to 45% natural rubber latex for 30 to 120 seconds. 7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substrate comprising the relief image is exposed to ultraviolet or gamma radiation during drying. 8. Referring to Figures 1-7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrolyte composition used to form the flat image is applied to the substrate by a polygraph method. 9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that paper is used as a carrier, a plastic film or fabric coated with one or both of the two sides of the synthetic papermaking layer. 10. Referring to FIGS. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier material used for the production of selective membranes is an organic silicon material, polyamide, polyurethane or cellulose.