HU201795B - Refrigerant-lubricant composition for cutting metals - Google Patents

Abstract

The composition according to the invention comprises mineral oil, vegetable fatty acid, vegetable oil and additives. The composition is characterized in that 48-75 parts by weight of mineral oil, 15-35 parts by weight of EP additive, 10-17 parts by weight of polymerized vegetable oil with a molecular weight of 3000-50000 or a polymerized fatty acid or a mixture of polymerized vegetable oil with a C10-C20 plant fatty acid - when polymerized the vegetable oil or fatty acid residue contains unsaturated bonds and the iodine number is from 20 to 100 mg / 100 g, and the weight ratio of polymerized oil or polymerized fatty acid to plant fatty acid is between 7.5: 1 to 7.5: 2 and optionally other additive. Scope of the description: 4 pages without figure EN 201 795 B -1-

Description

Lubricants are used for cutting metals (turning, boring, drilling, drilling, threading, etc.) in order to achieve higher cutting speeds on machining machines, increase the life of the cutting tool, reduce the abrasion effect caused by friction, and facilitate the removal of chips.

There are many studies and patents in the literature on this subject. Göttner, G.H.: An Introduction to Lubrication Technique (Düsseldorf, Karl-Marklein Verlag, 1961); Shaw, M.C .: "Cutting Fluids" (IndustrialLubrication and Trobology, 10 1970); Williams, FA. and Tábor, D .: The Role of Lubricants in Machining (Wear, 43 1977).

According to the literature, the lubricant used for machining is characterized by the fact that it contains various additives in addition to a so-called "base oil". "Base oil" can be a variety of oils, such as mineral oil or the most recent synthetic (eg ester) type oil. The composition contains "greasing" material (fatty acid, vegetable oil, wool oil) as well as a number of so-called EP (Exterm Pressure) additives. These are usually sulfur, sulfur compounds, chlorinated organic compounds, and phosphate and zinc complexes.

Due to the large number of additives, many variations can be made and, depending on their quality, their complexity with each other and with the metal or tool to be worked on can be complicated.

In machining metal cutting, the main function of lubricants is to reduce friction between the tool and the workpiece, to partially remove the heat generated, and to facilitate chip separation.

It is known that the lubricants described can be diluted or emulsified with water and the so-called "oil" type which is immiscible with water and immiscible with water.

The lubricating effect of the compositions is highly dependent on the adhesion of the lubricant to the particular metal, and to improve the latter, vegetable oil or fatty acid is added to the mineral oil. Due to their polarity, triglycerides and fatty acids are attached to the active surface of the metal by adhesion or chemisorption.

In the currently known compositions, natural vegetable oils or their fatty acids, or animal fatty acids or fatty alcohols are used as polar lubricants, if non-synthetic materials are used. The most common types are soybean oil, castor oil, palm kernel oil, beet oil, cottonseed oil, cetole oil, wool fat, and their fatty acids and fatty alcohols having a carbon number of 8-18 and the chain having a saturated or minimal double bond. Such a composition is described in Hungarian Patent Application No. 188 521.

The applicability of triglycerides or fatty acids or fatty alcohols (hereinafter fats) is limited by the pressure and heat generated during machining. The adhesion of these fats to metals decreases significantly with increasing temperature and no longer exhibits lubrication2 above 80-130 ° C. The rather wide interval is justified by the quality of the material, the tool used and the working conditions. As is well known, higher temperatures than cutting occur at fluctuating pressures and therefore more demanding lubricating oils contain even more so-called "EP" (Extreme Pressure) additives. Ep materials are characterized by their action at pressures above 150-250 ° C, partly by chemical decomposition and partly by chemical reaction after activation.

A disadvantage of such a system is that the lubrication will not be uniform, especially in batch machining mode, because there will be a time when the grease does not work due to a decrease in adhesion and the EP additive does not start to work. pressure or lack of temperature. If this occurs, it will have adverse consequences both for the surface of the object and for the life of the tool. (Pitting, fusing, etc.)

To overcome the described negative phenomenon, many studies and experiments have been carried out and to some extent surprisingly, when replacing some or all of the fat with polymerized vegetable oil or fatty acid polymers containing residual double bonds at higher temperatures and a high pressure lubricant is obtained which can be further enhanced by mixing EP additive.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cooling lubricating composition for use in the cutting of metals, preferably mineral oils, vegetable fatty acids, vegetable oils and additives, optionally EP additives and optionally a solvent.

The composition of the invention comprises 48-75 parts by weight of mineral oil, 15-35 parts by weight of EP additive, 10-17% by weight of polymerized vegetable oil or polymerized vegetable fatty acid having a molecular weight of 3000-50000 or a mixture of polymerized vegetable oil with C10-C20 vegetable fatty acid. vegetable oil, or - contains unsaturated fatty acid residues and has an iodine number of from 20 to 100 mgJ2 / 100 g and a weight ratio of polymerized oil to vegetable fatty acid of 7.5: 1-7.5: 2 and from 0 to 80 parts by weight of known additives, such as contains dyes, solvents, propellants -.

The components used in the composition and their characteristics are as follows:

- mineral oil: viscosity at 50 'C 10-15.10 ^-6 m ² / sec, freezing point not more than -5' C, flash point not less than 150 'C, eg. spindle oil, crude oil etc.:

vegetable fatty acid (R-COOH): C10-C20: e.g. stearic acid, lauric acid, plamitic acid, sunflower oil fatty acid, soy fatty acid, etc.:

- polymerized vegetable oil: from unsaturated vegetable oils, eg. produced by the polymerization of sunflower oil, linseed oil. Molecular weight: 37000-50000, Viscosity: 1-14 Pa.s, iodine number: 60-100 mgJ2 / 100 g, acid number: max. 15 mgKOH / 100 g;

- polymerized vegetable fatty acid: molecular weight: 600-2H 201795 Β

1600, acid number: max. 190 mg KOH / 100 g, iodine number: 20-30 mg / 100 g e.g. polymerised linseed oil fatty acids, - sunflower fatty acids, - linolenic acid, etc .:

- chlorinated paraffin: chlorine content: min. 40% by weight, of a molecular weight of 500 or more but not more than 900 and a density of 1.14 to 1.55 g / cm ³ (at 60 ° C). Product by ICI, GB (EP Additive)

- sulfurized vegetable oil: min. 10% by weight of active sulfur. Eg Sulfurized Sunflower Oil (EP Additive);

- sulfochlorinated fatty acids, molecular weight: not less than 550, chlorine content: min. 10% by weight, sulfur content: min. 6% by weight (EP additive);

- sulfurized mineral oil: containing 20-25% by weight of sulfur (EP additive);

- chlorinated hydrocarbons as solvents. Their carbon number is 2-12

-Dialkyl disulfide (R 1 -SS-R 2) where R 1, R ₂ = C 6 -C 16 alkyl chain (EP additive)

zinc alkyl dithiophosphate e.g. dnk-dibutyl dithiophosphate (EP additive).

The composition of the invention adheres very well to the metal surface due to the residual double bonds of the polymerized oil or polymerized fatty acid contained therein. Therefore, it provides effective lubrication even at high temperatures of 60-190 ° C. A further advantage is that it is bonded to the metal by secondary bonds, thus forming a thin film layer and also providing corrosion protection. Another advantage of its use is that the EP additives containing chlorine or sulfur are well stabilized by residual double bonds because they bind any chlorine or sulfur which may be cleaved and then re-release at higher temperatures. In mineral oil-based compositions, its beneficial effect can be achieved only when its weight ratio (polymerized oil or fatty acid: to vegetable fatty acid) is strictly set at 7.5: 1 and 7.5: 2 when used in combination with vegetable fatty acids. from

The use of the composition of the invention has the following advantages:

- cutting speeds higher than those of metals (particularly iron) can be achieved in less time;

- the wear resistance of the tool is improved;

- the machined metal surface is smoother, smoother;

- the presence of polymerized vegetable oil or fatty acid containing residual double bonds makes the composition multifunctional and thus suitable for machining various materials of high quality, for machining or forging, drilling, etc .;

- the possibility of forming a so-called "helmet" on the tool is reduced;

the composition is excellent at higher temperatures;

- also provides temporary corrosion protection of metals.

The following examples illustrate the composition of the invention.

Example 1 Spindle oil (viscosity at 50 'C)

12.10 ⁶ m ² / sem): 530 parts by weight

Tall oil fatty acid 20 parts by weight

Polymerised linseed oil (molar mass: 10500, iodine number: 85 mg / m2 / 100 g): 150 parts by weight

Chlorinated paraffin (Cereclor 42; chlorine content: 42% by weight; manufactured by ICI, GB.): 300 parts by weight

In a stirred apparatus, weigh the above components in the order indicated and then homogenize. Spindle oil is then added to 100 parts by weight of 0.01 parts by weight of Sudanrot Dye 7B (fat soluble azo dye, manufactured by BASF, DE). 2 parts by weight of the colored oil are added to the above mixture. The mixture was homogenized for 30 minutes.

The dyed mixture was filtered through a mesh screen, mixed with 1000 parts by weight of 500 parts by weight of Aoretene solvent (trichloroethane) and bottled with 250 parts by weight of Freon 12 propellant for 250 parts by weight.

Example 2

The composition of the composition is as follows:

Spindle oil (viscosity at 50 'C)

14.10 ^-6 m ² / s): 700 parts by weight

Polymerised linolenic acid (molar mass: 5500; iodine number: 30 mgJ2 / 100 g): 100 parts by weight

50 parts by weight of chlorinated paraffin (Cereclor Example 42.1)

Sulphochlorinated sun-fatty acids (chlorine content: 15% by weight, sulfur content:

% by weight): 150 parts by weight

The components of the mixture are added to the mixing apparatus in the above order and homogenized and then bottled.

Example 3

In all cases, the procedure of Example 1 is followed, but the composition is as follows:

Mineral oil fraction (flash point: 151 'C, viscosity: 15.10' ⁶ m ² / s): 500 parts by weight

Polymerized Chinese wood oil (molar weight: 31000, iodine number: 85 mgJ2 / 100 g): 150 parts by weight

Chlorinated paraffin (Cereclor 42; Example 1): 200 parts by weight

Sulfurized petroleum distillate (sulfur content: 24% by weight): 100 parts by weight

Sulfurized sunflower oil (sulfur content: 20% by weight) 50 parts by weight

Example 4 (Comparative)

Measure the composition of Example 13

-3EN 201795 Β technical features. Let's examine the so-called. violation load (four-ball test, according to MSZ096401) and Reichert wear test (DBM 1749247), wear surface and number of noisy dimensions. As a control, a composition was prepared which was replaced with tall oil fatty acid (Example 1) but the polymerized linseed oil (Example 1).

As a further control, a composition was prepared as in Example 1, but replacing the total amount of spindle oil with tall oil fatty acid and using polymerized linseed oil having practically no residual double bond, iodine number of 3 mg / 100 mg. (K2 test).

The results are as follows

test Example 1 Who accompany- being K ₂ experiments Four Ball Test Violation Load (N) 6500 4800 3500 Reichert wear test wear surface mm ² 1.7 2.8 3.1 number of noisy sizes 1 2 3

The comparative example shows that the composition according to the invention has the best lubricating properties.

Claims (3)

1. A cooling lubricating composition for use in the cutting of metals, comprising EP, optionally, mineral oil, vegetable fatty acid, vegetable oil. It consists of 10 other additives, characterized in that it contains 48-75 parts by weight of mineral oil, 15-35 parts by weight of EP additive, 10-17 parts by weight of polymerised vegetable oil or polymerized vegetable fatty acids with a molecular weight of C10-C20 wherein the polymerized vegetable oil or fatty acid has residual unsaturated bonds and has an iodine number between 20 and 100 mgJ2 / 100 g and the polymerized vegetable oil and vegetable fatty acid The weight ratio of 20 to each other is 7.5: 1 to 7.5: 2 and 0 to 80 parts by weight of known additives such as dyes, solvents, propellants. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a polymerized plant It contains 25 oils as polymerized linseed oil or Chinese wood oil. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises polymerized linolenic acid as a polymerized vegetable fatty acid.