HU200800B - Process for eliminating environment polluting properties of wastes of milk industry - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for eliminating the polluting properties of dairy waste, particularly whey, sour milk, buttermilk and / or ultrafiltered milk produced during milk processing or cheese making, and to extracting the ultrafiltration of the waste material, preferably from 15 to 40% by weight, of lactose, preferably lactose. , clarification, treatment with anion and cation exchange resin, removal of proteins by ultrafiltration and isolation of the lactose from the lactose preferably by crystallization by evaporation or spray drying. According to the invention, before the protein is recovered by ultrafiltration, an additive consisting of 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of a protein having an average molecular weight of between 0.8 and 105 to 106 is added to the solution. EN 200 800 B Scope of the description: 4 pages without drawing -1-

Description

The present invention relates to the elimination of the environmentally polluting properties of dairy waste materials and the simultaneous recovery of high purity lactose from waste materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for eliminating the environmental contamination of whey, sour milk, buttermilk and / or ultrafiltered milk, in particular in the processing of milk, cheese and other dairy products, and for the simultaneous extraction of high purity lactose. concentration, clarification, treatment with anionic and cation exchange resins, removal of proteins by ultrafiltration and separation of lactose from the permeate, preferably by crystallization by evaporation or spray drying.

As used herein, dairy waste material includes, in particular, processed rennet or sour whey, sour milk, sweet or sour butter and milk permeate produced during cheese production, in the processing of cow's milk, sheep's milk or goat's milk. The water content of these wastes is generally 91-94.5% by weight, but in the dissolved or emulsified form is 3.5-4.8% by weight of lactose, up to 3% by weight of protein and usually less than 1% by weight of fat. , minerals, etc. also contain. Lactose as used herein refers to alpha-lactose (lactose monohydrate), betalactose, or mixtures thereof.

The recovery of lactose and protein is economically significant in itself, but a further consideration is that the dairy waste cannot be discharged due to its high biological oxygen consumption. (For example, the average oxygen consumption of an average whey made from cow's milk is around 50,000 mg / liter, mainly due to its protein and lactose content, while the average oxygen consumption of an average urban wastewater is usually up to 300 mg / liter.

The management of dairy waste is covered in great detail in the literature.

Thus, according to the Dairy Ind., 4, 87 (1939) [CA 33, 5081/7 (1939)] professional articles from skimmed milk whey obtained from casein by removing neutralized with calcium oxide, followed by heating to ⁿ pják albumin, filtered, the the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation, the precipitate is filtered off and the filtrate is further thickened and the lactose is crystallized. 2.75% of the lactose originally present in the whey is recovered in this way.

According to the method known from Molochnaja Prom., 9 (9), 10 (1949) [C.A. 43, 8569h (1949), sour milk is heated to 90-92 ° C and 4.5-

It is acidified to a pH of 4.8 to precipitate the protein. After removal of the protein, the liquid is partially evaporated and the lactose is crystallized. Lactose containing 0.16 to 0.27% w / w of protein is isolated which requires further purification before it can be utilized, for example, in the pharmaceutical industry.

No. 1,494,706. (CA, 69, 9845m, 1968), the whey formed during cheese making is passed through an ion exchange resin and then precipitated by the addition of zinc chloride and alkali at pH 7.5, the two proteins are filtered and the filtrate is concentrated. lactose is crystallized and recrystallized from water. The resulting purified lactose contains 2% by weight of impurities and thus requires further purification.

A common feature of the known processes is the separation of proteins and lactose, which are primarily responsible for the high biological oxygen demand, from dairy waste materials. Proteins are precipitated and isolated by filtration, and more recently ultrafiltration is carried out with the spread of ultrafiltrates. After partial concentration, lactose is crystallized from a solution more or less purified from proteins. Given that even ultrafiltration does not remove the entire amount of protein present, more or less contaminated lactose is formed, whose mother liquor continues to be a major contaminant of the environment, and its placement remains a problem.

In fact, lactose isolated from dairy wastes represents a significant value, since the pharmaceutical industry uses a very large amount of pure lactose as a pharmaceutical excipient. However, lactose recovered from dairy wastes can only be used in the pharmaceutical industry if it is of very high purity, e.g. Therefore, various processes have been developed for the purification of lactose from dairy wastes.

No. 3,785,865. U.S. Pat. After filtration, the lactose is crystallized from the filtrate. The purified lactose thus obtained still contains 0.5% by weight of impurity.

No. 4,099,983. U.S. Pat. No. 4,829,8423 (1978), the crude lactose crystals are washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide at a pH of 8.5 to 12.5. However, in this case, the alkalinity of the lactose may be a problem given that the pH of the lactose dissolved in the water should not be more than pH 6.5.

No. 4,316,749. U.S. Patent No. 4,632,604 to C.A., 96, 144853k (1982); U.S. Patent No. 5,193,184318p (1982) to a permeate obtained by ultrafiltration before crystallization of lactose by chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium salt, alkaline metal polyphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate, and or lactose is crystallized after filtration. Although some of the lactose impurities can be removed by this method, lactose can bind some of the chelating agent and thus

-2EN 200800 Β now this contamination is hindering its application in the pharmaceutical industry.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a readily practicable process for eliminating the environmentally polluting properties of dairy waste materials and simultaneously recovering high purity lactose.

It has been found that the above object is achieved by adding from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of a protein having an average molecular weight of 0.8 to 10 ^{5 to} 1 · 10 ^{6 to} the solution prior to recovering the proteins by ultrafiltration. the adduct formed by interaction between the proteins present and the additive is removed by ultrafiltration and the lactose is isolated from the permeate in a manner known per se.

The present invention is based on the discovery that virtually all of the ultrafiltration-inducible proteins present in the above dairy wastes can be recovered by adding to the solution a water-soluble additive that is believed to adduct to the proteins present and thereby increase the size of ultrafiltrated proteins. be removed. Such additives include proteins having average molecular weights of 0.8 to 10 ⁵ to 1 to 10 ⁶ , such as blood serum or plasma derivatives such as gamma globulin and / or serum albumin and / or alpha-beta-globulin. Preferably, blood plasma or plasma derivative of an animal of the same species as the dairy waste material is used, such as bovine blood plasma derivative for cow's whey.

When ultrafiltration is performed after the addition of the additive, the permeate contains only very pure lactose. The proteins isolated by ultrafiltration are suitable for human and / or animal consumption.

In the practice of the invention, the dairy waste material is treated as follows:

Dairy waste, such as whey, is first subjected to ultrafiltration, if desired, to remove at least 95% of the proteins. If the milk has already been ultrafiltered during milk processing, the whey protein is poor and ultrafiltration can be omitted.

The permeate after ultrafiltration is concentrated. Concentration may be carried out by any known method, such as vacuum evaporation or reverse osmosis. During the concentration, the water content is reduced to such an extent that lactose is not precipitated from the solution at room temperature, so that the solution can be subjected to further operations, but only with a much lower mass of the solution. In general, the concentration is between 15 and 40% by weight of lactose, i.e. about 75-90% by weight of the water is removed.

The resulting concentrated solution is treated with activated charcoal or some other large surface adsorbent such as clarifying earth to remove odor and remove interfering coloring agents and then treated with an ion exchange resin to remove ionic materials. The solution is generally passed through a column (s) containing a cation and anion exchange resin. The solution so treated contains essentially only residual proteins other than lactose. The latter are removed by ultrafiltration after addition of the above additive.

From the permeate formed, lactose is isolated in a manner known per se, for example by crystallization by evaporation or spray drying. The product obtained by crystallization by evaporation is dried and then ground. Spray drying yields a powder product of appropriate particle size in a single operation.

The resulting lactose can be used without further purification as a pharmaceutical technology adjuvant in the pharmaceutical industry, for example in the manufacture of tablets. The process of the invention can be carried out in both batch and continuous operation.

The invention is illustrated in detail by the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1 One liter of pasteurized cow's whey was ultrafiltered on a foot UNIT 36 using a GR 81 PP (6000 MW) membrane. The resulting 22 liters of permeate was concentrated in vacuo to 2 liters. The evaporation temperature is up to 42 ° C. 40 g of activated carbon are added to the concentrate, the suspension is filtered, and the filtrate is passed through columns containing a cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin. 40 g of bovine gamma globulin (average molecular weight 1.5-10-1-10 ⁶ ) are added to the column solution and ultrafiltrated. The permeate is evaporated to a volume of 500 ml in vacuo, the residue is slowly cooled, the lactose precipitated is filtered off, dried and milled. A 78% yield of lactose is a white, odorless powder. [α] D ² = 52.4 °. The pH of the aqueous solution is 5.25. There is no residual glow, no arsenic, lead and protein.

Example 2

The same procedure as in Example 1 was followed, starting from 23 liters of sour cow's milk. After the ion exchange 2g serum albumin (average molecular weight of from 0.8 to 10 ⁵ -1,6-10 ⁵⁾ bovine added to the solution. After ultrafiltration, the permeate is spray dried at 90 ° C to give 90% yield of lactose of the same quality as that of Example 1.

Example 3 One liter of ultrafiltered cow's milk is concentrated to 5 liters at a head temperature of up to 40 ° C. One may further proceed as disclosed in Example 1, except that bovine alpha-beta-globulin (average molecular weight of from 1.6 to 10 ^{5 5} -3-10) was added. 79% 3

-3EN 200800 Β yields lactose with the same quality as the product of Example 1.

Example 4

Starting writing sheep's amount of 23 L The procedure described in Example 1, except that 100 g of ultrafiltered sheep serum (average molecular weight 1,6-10® ^6-1-10) was added instead of bovine gamma globulin after the ion exchange. The lactose was obtained in 82% yield with the same quality as that of Example 1.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A process for eliminating the environmentally contaminating properties of dairy waste materials, in particular whey, sour milk, buttermilk and / or ultra-filtered milk from milk processing or cheese production, preferably by ultrafiltration / mass filtration of the waste material. concentrate, clarification, treatment with an anion and cation exchange resin, removal of proteins by ultrafiltration and isolation of lactose from the permeate, preferably by crystallization or spray drying, characterized in that, prior to recovering the protein by ultrafiltration, an amount of 0.8 to 10 ⁵ -5.0% -1 · having an average molecular weight of from 10 ⁶ protein additives added. 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein blood or plasma derivatives are added to the solution as an additive. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the bovine gamma globulin is added to the solution as a plasma derivative. The method of claim 2, wherein the bovine alpha-beta-globulin is added to the solution as blood plasma derivatives. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the bovine serum albumin is added to the solution as a plasma derivative.