HU196471B - Civil engineering structure particularly subterranean one made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The wall elements (1) cut out at their ends and shoulder. Depth of cut and shoulder height (vertical sense) half the full height of the wall element (1). For the battery set beam-like internal connecting elements (3) may belong. These are vertical passes two with holes with holes cutouts of adjacent line elements (1) nest in the nests. THE There are also vertical elements on the shoulders of the wall elements (1) holes which are the internal connecting elements (3) they are overlapping with their holes. Two or two wall elements (1) and one interior fastening the connecting element (3) e through pins (5) through holes It happens. The cellular so formed (4, wall structure) land or stone filling eg támfalként or it can function as a barrier if it is the cell (4) four, only the wall elements (1) There is a side wall made of mine as a pool etc to use.

Description

The present invention relates to an engineering structure made of prefabricated elements, which is particularly applicable in the field of civil engineering. By means of the invention, e.g. cell wall structures may be provided which, when filled with earth or stone, are capable of absorbing earth pressure; as anti-laundering, anti-falling and sedimentation barriers; water marshlands, waves, guides, silo sidewalls; hídfőkként; as outdoor stairs and garden retaining walls, etc. They can function. Leaving the cell or cells of the artwork empty, as its masonry is capable of absorbing external ground pressure, as manholes for water utilities, as pools for sewage treatment (drainage basins, dredging shafts, etc.), as floodpipes, as well as for open plumbing and estuaries. can be created.

It is well known that concrete or reinforced concrete is a classical building material for civil engineering works in contact with earth and / or water, and since such building materials are not available such as those used in high-rise construction such as earthworks. bricks and blocks, civil engineering works are still mostly made using monolithic technology.

Because of the high cost, time and labor involved in building monolithic reinforced concrete and concrete structures, professionals have long sought to develop or apply prefabricated prefabricated structures. For example, retaining walls with exterior boundary walls made of prefabricated steel or reinforced concrete elements or spherical walls (pile walls) and filled with earth or crushed stone, can be found in Iván Markó's. and Page 13 Figure 1.11). However, these are unique solutions and can only be used as retaining walls, especially steel structures require a wide variety of elements and complex connections, and require high on-site labor.

Other retaining wall construction solutions combine prefabricated reinforced concrete elements with monolithic technology. Such a solution is known e.g. U.S. Patent No. 178,255, according to which vertical reinforcing bars are fixed along the path of the supporting wall to be reinforced with concrete slabs from top to bottom, and in the area of joining adjacent planks, monolithic reinforced concrete ribs or columns are formed.

Also the combination of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements and monolithic concrete is based on the retaining wall construction method, which can be found in the abovementioned book of the Earthworks (pp. 21-23, Figure 1.34a). Three special open cabinet-like prefabricated prefabricated formwork panels are filled with monolithic concrete ·

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an engineering structure based on prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, in particular a civil engineering structure, which, using some types of modular and serial prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, provides an easy and fast way to provide a variety of functional features.

The present invention is based on the discovery that the ability to perform various functions and to perform as many as possible the proper geometry of the connected prefabricated element ends and the connection of three to three elements (two of which are in line and one perpendicular to each other) optimum solution for the most rational building technology.

Based on these findings, the object of the present invention has been solved by the use of an artwork having spaced ascending walls which are connected to the walls by transverse internal fastener (s) or / and transverse wall elements and studs, that the ends of the wall members include a cut-out and a shoulder that is half the total height of the wall member and have the same length as the wall member and have holes alternately, whereas the cross-sectional ends of the inner fasteners have two adjacent wall members a cross-sectional shape of the nest formed together by its cutouts; the ends of the transverse wall elements having a cutout and a shoulder having a hole having the same ends as the longitudinal wall elements, and that the transverse and longitudinal wall elements are aligned with their recesses and shoulders and are interconnected by pairs of holes extending thereon; and / or two adjacent wall members of longitudinal, parallel and spaced apart side wall members are joined to one another and to an internal connector by forming holes in the holes formed in the recesses formed in the recesses of the adjacent wall members. are fixed to each other by means of guided pins. It is apparent from the foregoing that the art object of the present invention may be formed as a cellular wall structure having internal (partition walls) openings as they are spaced above and below each other by joints (beams) and

For example, they can be filled with local cheap material (stone, earth, etc.); but one cell on each side bordered by wall elements e.g. as a mine, a pool, etc. can also function.

In a preferred embodiment, the pins are of the same length as the wall elements. After laying a row of elements, the elements are fastened to each other by means of immediately placed pins, which do not obstruct further construction operations, as they do not protrude from the wall, but provide support for the next pins which are placed above them.

According to a further feature of the invention, the through holes in the wall elements are delimited by plastic pipe pieces embedded in the elements, preferably when the diameter of the holes, preferably about 2 mm, exceeds the diameter of the pins. In this way, the pins can be easily inserted into the holes.

In another embodiment, the inner connecting member (s) is (are) designed to be a tensile and compressive beam. It is also desirable to have a longitudinally extending trough in the inner connector (s) extending in front of the end faces of the connector. In this case, it may be advantageous for the opening to drain out of the trough to one or both of the face plates, thereby allowing the drainage of water into the dam or retaining wall.

Another embodiment of the artwork is characterized in that the length of the inner connecting member (s) is at least equal to the length of the parallel wall members. Thanks to this measure, the end faces (faces) of the internal connectors are flush with the outer surface of the wall members.

Preferably, the wall elements comprise a recess (mirror) on at least one of their wide sides; on the one hand, this results in a reduction in the weight of the elements and, on the other hand, can also be aesthetically advantageous.

According to another feature of the invention, it has wall elements of different lengths. This allows the artwork to be formed as a cellular wall structure having opposing walls, the inner wall being made up of shorter wall elements and the outer wall being longer wall elements, so that the cells are trapezoidal in plan view. Finally, it is preferable that the prefabricated reinforced concrete cover element (s) for sealing the cells is vanilla).

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show a preferred embodiment of the artwork, the prefabricated minds that make up the artwork, and how to connect them. In the drawings, Fig. 1 is an axonometric representation of an embodiment of the present invention as a cell wall structure;

and Figure 3 exemplary embodiments of exterior elements are shown in axonometric representation; Figure a preferred embodiment of an inner connector is also shown in axonometric representation; . Figure 1-4 shows a larger scale axonometric representation, disassembled. FIG. Figure a schematic top view of an art object according to the invention formed as a circular cellular wall structure; Figure detail A in Figure 6 is shown in a larger scale; Figure an axonometric bottom view of a cover member; Figure axonometric representation of an intermediate rectangular barrier or (support) wall connection; Figure also axonometric representations of intersecting (retaining) walls.

The sidewalls 20, 21 and 22, 23 of the cellular wall structure of Figure 1 are spaced parallel to each other, and the sidewalls are closed by end walls 24 perpendicular thereto. Each side and end wall is constructed of prefabricated reinforced concrete outer wall elements 1. At the intersection of the adjacent outer wall elements 1, the opposing side walls 20, 21 and 22, 23 are also joined by prefabricated reinforced concrete inner wedge members 3 (rafters), which are placed under and over each other and, of course, reinforce the structure. The end walls 24 also play the same role. The adjacent inner tie-down rows 3 and end walls 24 and 20, 21; and the side walls 22, 23 form cells 4 with a square shape. The outer wall members 1 and the inner tie-down members 3 above each other are secured to each other by vertical pins 5, which are guided through holes made for this purpose in the members. It will be readily appreciated that such cells 4 may be arranged in any number adjacent to each other, even with a plurality of right angles, and filled with inexpensive, preferably spot material such as stoneware, stones, crushed stone, to form a retaining wall or barrier. The slip resistance of the cellular wall structure is provided by the combined weight of the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements interconnected with each other (not shown). If the retaining wall is a large barrier that must be watertight, we use clay as filler material. As shown in Figure 1, the walls enclosing the cells 4 are formed by internal interconnections 3 spaced apart, i.e., these intermediate transverse walls are pierced but have no function with respect to the function of the object (e.g., barrier, retaining wall, breakwater, guide, etc.). importance.

Figure 2 also shows an outer wall element 1 separately. The element has a length li, a height M and a thickness v and has 6 recesses at its top ends in the region of the corners, delimited by perpendicular surfaces, namely a vertical and a horizontal surface. The latter forms part of a shoulder 7 having a vertical hole 8 passing through the shoulder. The height m of the shoulder 7 is half of the total height M of the outer wall element 1 (m = M / 2), i.e. the horizontal face of the shoulder 7, through which the hole 8 protrudes, is at such height from the base of the element. The length v of the shoulder 7 of the wall element 1 is equal to the thickness v of the element. It has 1 wall. It has 9 recesses (mirrors) in one of its wide side surfaces. This mirrored surface, as can be seen in Figure 1, is located outside the built-in position of the wall elements.

the outer wall element 2 shown in Fig. 3 differs from the outer element 1 according to Fig. 2 only in that its length l1 is greater than the length l1 of the wall element 1 and in its outer surface two recesses 9 separated by ribs 9a. contain. The recesses 9 are otherwise considered to be cavities.

Fig. 4 is an axonometric view similar to the inner connector 3 of Fig. 1, designated 30 in its entirety. The difference is that the inner connector 3 of Fig. 1 is formed by a solid beam, while the inner connector 30 comprises a longitudinal trough 10 extending to one of its sides. The inner connector 30 has a length A of height m (i.e. the height above the shoulder 7 of outer members 1 and 2, see Figures 2 and 3) and twice the width v of outer members 1 and 2 ( s = 2v). The length h of the inner connector 3 defines the width of the cells 4 (Fig. 1). Vertical through holes 11 are provided in the region of the ends of the inner connecting members 3 and 30 respectively.

Fig. 4 is a dashed line and reference numeral 12 denoting the location of a water through hole opening on the face of the element, which water outlet extends from the trough 10. Such a water outlet 12 may be provided at one or both ends of the inner connecting members 3 and 30 respectively. Through the water-through openings 12, for example, an art retaining wall, leaking water entering the interior of the filling can be discharged. The drainage openings 12 may be formed by concreted longitudinal plastic pipes. Where leaking water is not required, or even the construction of a watertight wall structure, the end shall be provided with solid ends or solid ends 3 (Figure 1). In this case, if trough internal connectors 30 are used, they are installed with the trough 10 (the saving cavity) facing downwards.

Both the inner connectors 3 and 30 are dimensioned beams designed to absorb tensile and compressive forces.

Referring to FIG. 5, in an exploded view, a method of joining an outer wall member 1 and two adjacent wall members 1 and an inner connector 3 of the side wall 22 and end wall 24 of FIG. (A dashed line also indicates a piece of an internal connector 30 to indicate that such elements may be inserted in place of the internal connector 3.) Referring now to FIG. 5, the previously used reference numerals and symbols are used mutatis mutandis.

The construction of the node - the construction of the cellular wall structure - is done by placing the wall elements 1 side by side in order to form the side walls 20, 21 and 22, 23 with their mirrored side facing outwards 6. and the cutouts are on top. The two recesses 6 thus form a nest of width m, of height s, into which is the end of the inner connecting element 3 (anchor beam) of the same cross-section. The two vertical holes 11 in the inner connector 3, when inserting the end of the element into the socket 60, overlap with the vertical holes 8 in the shoulders 7 of the wall elements 1, so that the pins 5 can pass through the holes 11, 8. and each of the inner connectors 3 and 30 is secured together by a dry * connection. It follows from the above that the pins 5 are preferably M in length. The pins 5 are preferably made of steel, e.g. They can be 14 mm in diameter and coated with anti-corrosion coatings (eg .Katepox *, .Katosil *, .Tixotrop Klorotex *, etc.). It may consist of concrete pipes with a diameter of 16 mm.

The cells 4 shown in Figure 1 can be top-sealed, if necessary, depending on the function of the object to be constructed. For this purpose, a prefabricated reinforced concrete cover element 13, shown in Fig. 8, may be provided, having a visor 14 extending downward along one of its edges. The lower surface of the cover 13 has a rectangular, preferably square, portion surrounded by a circumferential flange 5. With this flange, the cover member 13 lies on the surface of the uppermost members defining the cells 4, and the protruding portion 15 prevents the cover member from sliding downwards. The projection 15 has recesses 18 (cavities).

With reference to Figures 6 and 7, it has been shown that the object of the present invention may be polygonal, substantially circular. In this case, the inside of the wall structure defining the space 19 is e.g. the wall elements 1 of Fig. 2 and the wall elements 2 of Fig. 3 on the outer side, which differ from the wall elements 1 only in that their length h is greater than the length l1 of the wall elements 1 (l2> li). The inner wall is designated by 25 and the outer wall by 26. Thus, the cells 4 'are trapezoidally expanding outwardly in plan view. A - e.g. In this case, the internal fasteners of FIG. 4 are designated by reference numerals 3 and 5 respectively. Note that the trapezoidal side lengths can be selected in several variations so that different curved walls can be formed.

The wall elements are preferably modular in size, and the height of the wall elements can be 30 cm. The members of the family of elements of various module sizes are connected to the module axes by a. Surface connection * (zero point), and one surface of the structural elements coincides with the module axes. The wall elements can be 9M, 12M, 15M and 18M in lengths of 90, 120, 150 and 180 cm as these dimensions are suitable for the construction of the most frequently occurring civil engineering works. Very large artefacts are so rare that it is usually not worth producing them in series. It is also important when designing the size range that the weight of the heaviest element does not exceed 70 kg; such a mass can be loaded, moved and installed by two workers' hands, so it does not necessarily require a lifting machine, which can be very advantageous in certain environmental conditions and also allows for domestic construction.

If one of the cells 4 of the wall structure shown in Fig. 1, bounded by an end wall 24, is also closed by wall elements 1 on the opposite side of the end wall, which are naturally turned downwardly with their nests 6 (Fig. 2) and two longitudinal wall elements are mounted in their upwardly-facing nests 6, a completely closed cell 4 is obtained, the wall elements of which are fixed to each other by pins 5. These cells are fully enclosed on the side e.g. recessed below the ground level, they can be designed as water catchers or gate valves or any other artefact for any purpose, e.g. monolithic (iron) concrete with a base plate and / or cover (eg as shown in Figure 8).

the construction of the object of the invention is carried out as follows:

the elements are the easiest to assemble, as already mentioned, by hand. The wall elements 1, 2, if mirrored *, are well gripped at their upper longitudinal flange, so that the wall elements can be stopped at their lower longitudinal edges without risk of hand injury. The inner fasteners 3 (connecting beams) are to be gripped at their lower ends at their mating ends and inserted into their respective sockets 60 as shown in FIG. There is no need for temporary support of the elements, as they will remain fixed until the pins 5 are inserted into holes 8 and 11 and will not overturn. The lengths of the pins 5 are equal to the height M of each side wall element 1, 2, preferably 30 cm. Thus, at each level, each element row is fixed by a set of M-height taps.

After the first rows have been completed, the other rows of elements are formed as described until the full height of the object is reached.

If the artwork is a retaining wall, a barrier or the like, the elements are usually sufficient to dry assemble. After reassembly, the cells can be filled with earth, stone or other material. If, on the other hand, we are building a shaft, pool, or other artwork with walls that require waterproofing, it is advisable to place the elements in cement mortar and seal the walls with waterproof plaster. Depending on the aesthetic needs, the reflective or smooth surface of the wall elements can be exterior.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the high degree of variability of the art object of the invention and the extent to which its design can be adapted to the particular task at hand. Fig. 9 shows a detail of an object such as a retaining wall or barrier similar to that of Fig. 1 (therefore the described structural elements are denoted by the reference numerals already used) having a longitudinal wall section I starting from a partition perpendicular to this section wall sections I and II may form a cassette structure. Figure 10 shows two III, IV. the design of the intersection junction of a retaining wall or barrier wall structure (or other wall structure); this can also be solved in FIGS. 2-5 above. with the elements and connections already described and described in detail in Figs.

The advantage of the present invention is that it enables the rapid and economical, manually-executed, prefabricated reinforced concrete construction of a wide variety of civil engineering works without the need for monolithic concrete work.

The invention is, of course, not limited to the embodiment detailed above, but is defined by the claims

There are many ways to accomplish this within the scope of protection.

Claims (12)

An engineering structure made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, in particular civil engineering, which have spaced-off rising walls which are interconnected by means of transverse internal connecting element (s) or / and transverse wall elements and studs, characterized in that the wall elements (1) , 2) having ends (6) and shoulders (7) having a height (m) equal to half the total height (M) of the wall element (1,2) and having a length (v) equal to the thickness (v) of the wall element; alternately (7) having through holes (8); the cross-sectional shape of the ends of the inner connector (s) (3; 30) having a through hole (11) corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of a nest (60) formed by the recesses (6) of two adjacent wall elements (1, 2) ; the ends of the transverse wall elements (1, 2) having the same cutout (6) as the ends of the longitudinal wall elements (1, 2) and a shoulder (7) having a hole (8), and that the transverse and longitudinal wall elements (1, 2) ) the kivágásaikkal (6) and vállaik- ³⁰ kai (7) match each other, and (5) are fixed to each other with pins penetrating these extending and being aligned with the wall elements joined together (1, 2) hole -párokon (8); and / or two adjacent adjacent wall members (1) and one inner connector (3) of longitudinal, parallel and spaced apart side walls (20, 21; 22, 23). in that ^check-4 θ formed and fastened to one another rain (8) aligned with the holes in the wall elements shoulders (7) when attaching the seat defined by the adjacent wall elements with cutouts (6) (60) holes (11) passing through pins by means (5). ⁴⁵ 2) of equal length (M). An artwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the pins (5) are wall elements (1, An object according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: · The through holes (8, 11) in the wall elements (1, 2) and / or in the internal connectors (3) are delimited by plastic pipe pieces concreted in the elements. 4. An object according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the holes (8, 11) have a diameter, preferably about 2 m, that exceeds the diameter of the pins (5). 5. Edge-shaped cross-member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner connecting element (s) (3) are designed as a beam for pulling and pressing. 6. An object according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a trough (10) extending longitudinally to one side extends in front of the end faces of the spacing element (3) in the inner spreader element (s). (Figure 4) An object according to claim 6, characterized in that a drainage opening (12) protrudes from the trough (10) to one or both of the face plates. (Figure 4) 8. An object according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length (h) of the inner connecting element (s) (3) is at least equal to the length (li) of the parallel wall elements (1). (Figure 1) 9. An object according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall elements (1, 2) comprise a recess (9) (mirror) on at least one of their wide sides. (Figures 1-3) 10. An object according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has wall elements (1, 2) of different lengths (lx, l2). (Figures 1 and 2) The artwork according to claim 10, characterized in that it is formed as a cellular wall structure, the opposite wall of which is formed by shorter wall elements (1) and the outer wall (26) by longer wall elements (2). so that the cells (4 ') have a trapezoidal top view. (Figures 6 and 7) 12. An article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the prefabricated reinforced concrete covering element (13) for upper sealing of the cells (4, 4 ') is provided.