HU190057B - Compositions for increasing growth and/or yield of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

Leaf feeds and seed dressings improving plant growth and harvest yields are prepd. by using the reaction mixt. resulting from the spontaneous methylating and formylating reactions occurring between L- and DL-lysine and free or acceptor controlled formaldehyde.

Description

The present invention relates to novel types of compositions which enhance plant growth and / or yield.

Known solutions for stimulating plant growth and increasing yields fall into two main groups.

One solution is to add to the soil macronutrients and micro-nutrients that are important for plant life (fertilization). Well-chosen basic fertilizers (N, P, K) keep soil fertility at an appropriate level. However, soil micro-nutrient stock (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, etc.) tends to decrease steadily and mainly varies from soil to soil. The beneficial effects of the micronutrients occur only in a specific but relatively wide concentration range. Since the trace element requirements of plant species and even plant species are different, it is almost impossible to clearly identify the optimal amount of trace elements, and in addition, some trace elements may weaken or even suppress one another. Therefore, trace element fertilization sometimes encounters obstacles, and in any case, with trace element management expected only when deficiency diseases occur, it is a remarkable increase in yield.

Another known way of stimulating plant growth and increasing yields is through the use of endogenous soils. external administration of phytohormone. One class of endogenous growth regulators is plant auxins (e.g., β-indolylacetic acid), cytokinins, and the like. and their synergists, while the other group includes inhibitory substances such as abscisic acid and the like. belong. Their bulk use to increase the efficiency of crop production is hindered by their unlimited availability, costly production, high commercial commodities and their dependence on many unknown factors (Chemie dfl Pflanzenschutz und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel 4, Pflanzenwachstumszeg. W. , Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1977).

No. 182,677; It is also known from our earlier Hungarian patent that the biological value of soils, fertilizers, juices and / or organic wastes can be enhanced by treating these materials with formaldehyde. Due to the formaldehyde treatment of lysine molecules present in the materials listed formylated and N ^e methylated lysine derivative ^(N? -Monomethyl-L / DL / 4izin / MML /> ^N? -Dimethyl-L / DL / 4izin / DML /, Ne -trimethyl-L / DL / lysine (TML)) and these compounds have plant growth promoting and yield enhancing effects. , It is a disadvantage, however, that the starting material can vary within wide limits the level-lysine so that the desired, optimal adjustment ^{of these} N-methyl lysine level is very difficult. No. 182,677. It is not possible to treat plants in optimal phenophase or phenophases with N ^e -methylated lysines by the process described in Hungarian patent.

The invention is based on the discovery that mixing a reaction mixture containing unmethylated lysines or unmethylated lysines with known agricultural carriers and / or adjuvants and optionally trace elements provides a composition which does not have any known plant growth. The disadvantages of stimulant compositions and methods are that they can be easily and cheaply produced, that the amount of growth stimulants in the composition is kept at an optimum level and that the composition can be applied to the plants to be treated in optimal phases of plant growth.

The invention therefore enhancing plant growth and / or yield a composition containing 0.1 ppm to 10% by weight of the invention is not methylated, lysine, and / or a corresponding N containing ^those methylated lysine, optionally pre-treated reaction mixture, optionally 0.1 ppm -10% by weight of one or more trace elements known per se, solid and / or liquid carriers and other excipients (preferably an adhesive or emulsifier) necessary to achieve 100% by weight.

Throughout the specification and appended claims, the methylated lysines ^e ,, N "denotes N ^e monomethyl Llizint, Nf-monomethyl-DL-lysine, dimethyl Llizint Ne, Ne-dimethyl-DL-lysine, Ile-trimethyl -L4 lysine, N-trimethylDL-lysine and mixtures of the listed compounds are meant.

"Reaction mixture containing unmethylated lysine" refers to reaction mixtures formed when methylating L- or DL-lysine. Methylation of L- or DL-lysine can be accomplished by known methods such as reductive methylation of sodium borohydride, methylation of dimethyl sulfate or treatment with formaldehyde (Biochem. 7, 2192 (1968); Anal. Biochem. 90, 262 (1978); Can. J. Chem. 54, 3310 (1976); Chem. Abstr., 85, 118, 182 (1976); Chem. Abstr., 87, 7372 (1977); Pharmazie, 35, 25, 1980. Methods of controlled or unregulated formaldehyde methylation have been particularly preferred. The term "controlled methylation" refers to reactions in which an unmethylated lysine content of the reaction mixture is adjusted to a predetermined value by the external reaction of L- or DL-lysine with formaldehyde, such as by appropriate control of the reaction conditions or by subsequent addition of a formaldehyde acceptor. methylation "is not controlled by external interference between Lv or DL4isin and formalokhide understood reactions.

By "pretreated reaction mixture" is meant reaction mixtures in which the amount of unmethylated lysine is enriched by known methods (e.g., chromatography, drying of the reaction mixture, in whole or in part, etc.).

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the unmethylated lysines are used in the composition as a reaction mixture formed by the controlled reaction of L-lysine or DL 4 lysine with formaldehyde. The lysine or DL-lysine is suitably reacted with formaldehyde at 25-75 ° C, pH 8 to 10, and the amount of unmethylated lysine in the reaction mixture is determined from time to time, and when 10% of the starting lysine is 2% was converted to N-dimethyl-lysine and 1% to N-trimethyl-lysine, and the reaction was quenched by addition of a formaldehyde acceptor such as ammonia, cysteine or urea. The reaction mixture thus obtained was either directly or given 3

In the case of -2190057, it may be used in the compositions of the invention after pretreatment (e.g., spray drying).

The term "trace element" as used herein refers to salts or complexes of metals (e.g., iron, copper, manganese, zinc, leather, etc.) that are essential for plant life, and may be added to the compositions in amounts appropriate to soil conditions and the type of plant to be treated. It has been found that the trace elements in the compositions of the invention do not attenuate each other's effects.

Examples of solid carriers which may be used in the compositions of the present invention are talcum, mineral flour, ground vegetable matter (such as corn cob meal) and the like. Particularly preferred solid carriers are solid fertilizers, especially urea.

Examples of liquid carriers include water and mineral oils.

The compositions of the invention may optionally contain other excipients, in particular tackifiers and / or emulsifiers. The tackifier may be, for example, a polyacrylamide gel. Emulsifiers include nonionic emulsifiers such as ethylene oxide based surfactants.

Generally supplied (e.g., from 5 to 10% strength by weight) of N in the form of the compositions of ^this invention preferably methylated lysine-rich compositions, which are diluted directly to the place of use of the appropriate content of active ingredient. It has been found that compositions containing very small amounts (0.1 ppm) of unmethylated lysine can achieve good results.

The compositions of the invention are preferably used for seed dressing or leaf spraying. The plant may be treated one or more times with the compositions of the invention. For example, by seeding the seeds of the plants with the compositions of the invention and then, after emergence, treating the plants once or several times with the broths of the invention during the vegetative and / or generative stages of development.

The compositions of the invention may be applied to the treated area in admixture with, or simultaneously with, other agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides, phytohormones, etc.).

The compositions of the invention and the results obtained with the use of the compositions are described in detail in the following examples. The abbreviations in Examples have the following meanings: MML: ^N? -Monomethyl-L-lysine; DML: ^N? -Dimethyl-L-lysine; TML: ^N? -Trimethyl-L-lysine.

Example I

By mixing the components, a powder composition of the following composition is obtained:

MML 3% by weight

DML 0.2% by weight

TML 0.1% by weight

Urea 75% by weight

Trace Element Mixture (Mixture of Mg, Cu, B, Mn, Fe and Zn Salts 6: 3: 2: 8: 4: 4) 2.7% by weight

Talc 19% by weight

Example 2

By mixing the components, the spray liquid concentrate has the following composition:

MML 8% by weight

DML 1% by weight

TML 1% by weight

Polyacrylamide adhesive 1% by weight

Water 89% by weight

Example 3

By mixing the components, a seed dressing concentrate of the following composition is prepared:

MML 5% by weight

DML 0.5% by weight

TML 0.5% by weight

Tween 20 emulsifier (condensate of sorbitan monolaurate ethylene oxide) 4% by weight

Sunflower oil 90% by weight

Example 4

The copper chelate of L-lysine is methylated with dimethyl sulfate in an alkaline medium (pH = 9) and the resulting crude trimethyl L-lysine copper chelate is desulfurized on a Varion KS strong cation exchange column by addition of ammonia solution. The eluate fractions containing TML were combined, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and evaporated to dryness. The resulting pre-treated reaction mixture was made into aqueous solutions at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm, respectively, and the flax and hemp plants were sprayed with the solutions 1 week after emergence. In each growing pot, 15 to 25 pieces of plants are grown and 5 to 5 cm ^{3 of} spray liquid is applied to each pot. Results were evaluated 4 weeks after treatment. The results are reported in Table 1.

Table 1

examined plant Treatment Average Height, cm Flax 1 ppm 10 ppm 100 ppm 1000 ppm Control 8.43 8.58 8.18 P = 5% 8.20 SzD ₅ % = 0.80 6.75 Hemp 1 ppm 10 ppm 100 ppm 1000 ppm Control 16.83 16.75 P = 5% 11.62 SzD _s % = 0.78 13.79 11.29

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Example 5

2000 g of L-lysine hydrochloride are dissolved in 35 liters of water at 45 ° C, 4 liters of 35 'neg% technical grade formaldehyde solution are added and the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 8 with 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Set to 9. After 2 hours at 45 ° C, the reaction mixture was treated with 4 L of aqueous trace element (Mn: 0.11%, Cu: 0.04%, B: 0.02%, Zn: 0.01%). Fe: 0.04%, in tartaric acid chelate form. After standing for 24 hours, the excess formaldehyde was triturated with 15% aqueous ammonia solution to stop the lysine methylation reaction. The reaction mixture thus obtained contains 0.5% MML, 0.019% DML and 0.011% TML.

After dilution with water, the resulting reaction mixture is sprayed onto 1-1 hectare plots of RANA 2/1 wheat. 100 liters of spray juice containing the amount of reaction mixture shown in Table 2 are applied to each parcel. It's done

The results of 6-6 replicate experiments are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 26.0 48.13 97.3 2.6 58.85 119.0 0.26 54.26 111.7 control 49.44 100.0

Example 6

1500 g of L-lysine hydrochloride are dissolved in 35 liters of water, 3 liters of technical grade 35% w / w formaldehyde solution are added to the aqueous solution and the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 8-9 with 10% w / w aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. adjusted. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 36 hours; while adding 3.5 liters of an aqueous trace element solution (Zn: 4%, Fe: 0.07%, B. 0.03%, Mn: 0.18%, Cu: 0.04%, K: 0.04%). Mg (0.06%, as citric acid salt or citric acid chelate). At the end of the 36 hour reaction time, the excess formaldehyde in the mixture was triturated with urea and stopped.

Table 3

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 20.0 77.0 102.6 2.0 98.0 130.6 03 83.5 1113 control 75.0 100.0

The resulting reaction mixture, after dilution with water, is sprayed onto 1-1 acres of maize sown in early May. The treatment is performed twice: at the end of June (50 cm phenophase) and at the time of tassel digestion. 100 liters of spray liquid containing the amount of reaction mixture as shown in Table 3 are applied to each plot. The results of 44 replicate experiments are shown in Table 3.

Example 7

2000 g of L-lysine hydrochloride are dissolved in 35 liters of water, 4 liters of technical grade 35% w / w formaldehyde solution are added to the aqueous solution and the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 8-10 with 15% w / w aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. adjusted. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 24 hours while adding 4 L of trace element solution (B: 1%, Mg 2%, as citric acid chelate). At the end of the 24 hour reaction time, the excess formaldehyde in the mixture is trapped with L-cysteine and the reaction is stopped.

After dilution with water, the resulting reaction mixture is sprayed onto 1-1 hectare plots of sugar beet. Sugar beet sown at the beginning of May is treated three times (early June; just before the end of the rows; finally 2 weeks after the end of the rows). For each plot, 100 liters of spray liquid containing the amount of reaction mixture shown in Table 4 are applied. The results of 44 replicate experiments are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 25.0 458.0 98.4 2.5 588.0 126.4 0.25 495.5 106.4 control 465.5 100.0

Example 8

1000 g of L-lysine hydrochloride are dissolved in 17 L of water, 2 L of 35% w / w aqueous formaldehyde solution are added and the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 8-9 with 15% w / w aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. . After 2 hours at 50 ° C and 24 hours at room temperature, the excess formaldehyde was cured by adding 300 g of urea. The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. The resulting whitish powder was dissolved four times in 100 g in 100 l of water; the insoluble material is filtered off (Experiment I). Four times 100 g of evaporation residue are also dissolved in 100-100 liters of water and 200-200 ml of an aqueous trace element solution (Cu: 0.04%, Mn: 0.12%, B: 0.02%, Zn: 0) are added. 02%, Fe: 0.04% as tartaric acid chelates) (Experiment II).

Spray broths prepared as above are sprayed onto corn plots of 1-1 hectare at the time of tassel digestion. 100 liters of spray liquid are applied to each parcel. The observed results are the

Table 5 below.

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Table 5

Table 8

Treatment Average yield q / ha % Relative to control Experiment I 127.6 146.6 II. experiment 143.4 164.8 control 87.0 100.0

Treatment Average yield q / ha % Relative to control Experiment A 500 142.8 , 3 ”experiment 640 182.8 control 350 100.0

Example 9 In a parallel experiment, cornfields with an area of 5000-5000 m ² were sprayed at a stage of development (phenophase) of about 60 cm and then, after coagulation, with 44 liters of the following composition, diluted with 100-100 liters of water:

Table 6

component

Concentration

MML

DML

TML

Urea

ammonium

mg

Cu

B

Mn

Fe

Zn

0.02

0.01 25

7.5 0.8 0.06 0.03

0.02 30

0.08

0.04

0.04

On average, 35% of the excess crop was obtained compared to the control.

Example 10

Between 5000 and 5000 m ² of sugar beet parcels, 100-100 liters of spray juice will be applied during the 4θ full coverage. In Experiment A, dilute 5 liters of solution A in Table 7 with 100 liters of water, while in Experiment A, dilute 4 liters of solution in 3 formulations of Table 7 with 100 liters of water.

Table 7

The term "solution , 3 solutions component Koncentrácic crowd% component Concentration crowd% Urea 12.0 TML 0.05 ammonium 1.0 ammonium 1.0 B 1.2 Urea 12.0 mg 0.06 B U Cu 0.04 mg 0.06 Zn 0.01 Cu 0.04 Fe 0.06 Zn 0.01 Mn 0.15 Fe 0.06 Mn 0.15

The results obtained are shown in Table 8.

Example 11

All of the procedures of Example 5 were followed except that after 24 hours, no ammonia solution was added to the reaction mixture. The amount of methylated lysine in the reaction mixture is as follows: MML: 0.47%, DML: 0.015%, TML: 0.013%.

The yields obtained are shown in Table 9.

Table 9

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 26.0 45.64 96.0 2.6 59.83 128.0 036 53.60 112.0 control 47,52 100.0

Example 12

All were carried out as described in Example 5, but 400400 g of the Fundazole fungicide was added to the plots of 100-100 liters applied to the plots. Harvested yields a

Table 10 below.

Table 10

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 26.0 48.65 99.4 2.6 64.27 131.4 0.26 55,20 112.9 control 48,90 100.0

Example 13

3.0 L of the reaction mixture prepared in Example 5 was diluted to 100 L with water, and the resulting solution was seeded with RANA 2/1 wheat seeds.

The experiments were carried out on plots of 1-1 ha. For 16 plots, no soil preparation is performed, while 12 plots are fertilized with 200 q of formalin-treated bovine manure (treated with 30 cm ³ / q of formalin).

The wheat seeds are sown in plots in November. Unplaced wheat kernels are sown in 4 plots (these serve as controls), while further plots are sown with wheat kernels. 44 parcels on both untreated and fertilized soils are no longer treated; these serve as internal controls.

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The untreated wheat plants are treated as follows: In 4 plots, the plants are sprayed 3 weeks after emergence with 100 liters of 3.6 liters of the reaction mixture described in Example 5, and then sprayed again in early April and early May. 100-100 liters of spray liquid (treated group 1) containing 0 liters of reaction mixture; Plants were sprayed on 4 plots in early April and early May with 3.0 to 3.0 liters of 100100 liters of spray mixture containing the reaction mixture of Example 5 (treated group 2); Plants were sprayed on 4 plots in early May with 3.0 liters of 100 liters of spray mixture containing the reaction mixture of Example 5 (treated group 3).

The wheat plants growing on the fertilized soil were treated as follows: In 4 plots, the plants were sprayed in early April and early May with 2.6-2.6 liters of 100-100 liters of spray mixture containing the reaction mixture of Example 5 (treated group 4); while the remaining 4 plots were sprayed at the beginning of May with 2.6 liters of 100 liters of spray mixture containing the reaction mixture of Example 5 (treated group 5).

The yields are shown in Table 11-

Juk. Table 11 Treatment Average yield q / ha control of relative % Control (untreated) 47.75 100.0 Internal control (only dressed) 57.50 120.4 Treatment group 1 68.00 143.6 Treatment group 2 59.25 124.0 3. treated group 54.10 113.2 4. treated group 71.65 150.0 5. treated group 73.60 154.1

Example 14

All of the procedures described in Example 7 were followed, but 1 to 1 mg of gibberellic acid and indole acetic acid per liter were added. The yields of sugar beet are shown in Table 12.

Table 12

Treatment 1 / ha Average yield q / ha % Relative to control 25.0 485.5 102.1 2.5 645.5 134.6 0.25 530.0 110.6 control 479.1 100.0

Example 15

2.6 liters of the reaction mixture obtained in Example 5 were diluted to 100 liters with water and the resulting spray was sprayed three times with 30 hectares of RANA 2/1 wheat variety at a rate of 100 liters per hectare. The average yield of wheat on large plots increases by 32% compared to the control.

Claims (3)

Claims 1. Plant growth and / or yield-enhancing composition, characterized in that 0.1 ppm to 10 wt% ^N? Methylated lysine and / or in an optionally pretreated with a reaction mixture containing equivalent amounts of Ne-methylated lysine, optionally 0.1 ppm to 10% by weight of one or more trace elements known per se, as well as solid and / or liquid carriers, preferably talc, urea, water or oil, necessary to achieve 100% by weight, and optionally an adhesive or emulsifier. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a liquid carrier. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an adhesive.