HU188891B - Method for three-dimensional representing functions of two variables, especially medico-biologic observations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the three-dimensional display of bivariate functions, in particular biomedical measurement results, and can be used effectively wherever the importance of spatiality in the test is attributed. According to the method of the invention, each element of the image on a flat film or a liquid crystal display is divided into contour lines by depth levels, separately mapping the mapped elements to their actual space occupied by space, subjecting them to diffuser scattered laser light and from individual elements to the same plate. Separate exposure, multiple white light reflection holograms that can be perceived as spatial shapes. The method of the invention is therefore based on the preparation of compound holograms, which means that the image does not actually exist in reality, it is only available in its elements. The process enables the hologram to be reconstructed to produce a three-dimensional image of the object to be displayed and, in the case of practical implementation, to enable the contour lines to provide spatial information about the internal structure of the opaque bodies. -1-

Description

The present invention relates to a method for three-dimensional representation of bivariate functions, especially biomedical measurements, and can be effectively applied wherever the importance of spatial perception in the study is considered.

It is known that, to date, examination procedures, although aimed at penetrating the body and detecting its shape, recognize its shape, are merely able to see their shadow or engraving, and the image is always captured in two-dimensional, generally photographic, form. First of all, one of the branches of medical science dealing with cardiac electrophysiology, electrocardiology, has similar evaluation difficulties: namely, during body surface mapping, we are forced to display in a two-dimensional form information substantially similar to the mapping problem: in addition to the shape of the width, the height and depth are also required.

For surface ECG potential mapping, in addition to the spatial positioning of voltage maxima and minima in the chest wall, their absolute magnitude should be plotted directly, since information that is only indirectly available through practiced thought synthesis, otherwise of diagnostic value, is generally incomprehensible to the practitioner.

Similarly, for a less skilled practitioner, viewing planar sections of the lesion seen on a layer x-ray is not necessarily equivalent to clearly clarifying the anatomical relationship between shape and environment.

There are known ways to achieve the illusion of spatiality: using a microcomputer to rotate the axonometric image of the cathode-ray tube around you to get the full experience of spatiality, the process requires expensive equipment and can only be reconstructed. And the information has to be stored in standard computer memory, which is also expensive.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for displaying biomedical measurement results by producing a stable reflective white light hologram that, within its two-dimensional scope, carries three-dimensional information (including perspective, with the ability to change it) easy to see, illuminated by sunlight, slide projector or other expedient point source, and requires no special practice to understand and evaluate.

The object of the present invention is accomplished by a method characterized by mapping individual elements of an image to a flat film or liquid crystal screen in intersection with planes in intersection, and then placing the mapped -5 objects in their actual positions in space. illuminates with the laser diffused with the -4 diffuser, and produces a reflection white hologram of each element on the same -6 holographic plate, but with multiple exposures, rotating the -5 objects in series, which will render the object mapped into each element as a full 3D image.

Thus, the method of the present invention is based on the creation of ompound holograms, which means that the image does not exist in reality, but is available only in its elements. The elements are applied separately to the composite hologram and the result is a faithful representation of the three-dimensional object to be displayed.

In the present invention, it is considered a process step that, while prior art methods have been used to render a hologram by model mapping or spatial assembly of points, or possibly by computer synthesis, our own method uses the contour lines of the spatial shape to create the image. The finished hologram, after all, depicts a luminous line system in the dark with direct transmission of depth information.

Figure 1 illustrates a recording arrangement of a preferred embodiment of our method. The light source is a coherent light emitting laser whose performance only affects exposure times. The laser beam is subdivided by the -1-light divider into two uggs, which are projected with the -2-mirrors and -3-beam-expanding lens systems from the glass side of the -6 holographic plate as a reference beam, from the emulsion side as the -4-diffuser. scattered and passed through the -5- objects, the object beam illuminates the disk and creates a hologram on it. A special glass emulsion coated glass plate is commercially available, and exposure times are affected by the performance of the plate and laser. In this case, the intensity of light passing through the objects was in the order of a few microwatts / cm ² , and the reference beam was also approximately the same intensity as the depth of the subject, in which case the exposure time was in the order of seconds. The plate was developed according to the known procedure of white light holograms (development, fading, recording). The reconstruction of the image is shown in Figure 2: The plate placed against a -7- dark background is illuminated by a -8- beam from a point source, if its incident angle is the same as the incident beam of the reference beam, the -9- viewer sees a true three-dimensional image.

The resulting hologram, as a fundamental novelty in medical information display, is directly capable of transmitting spatial information, recording material and procedure are inexpensive, hologram storage is easy, and reconstruction can be done at low cost (spot reflector, slide projector, or sunlight).

Flat contour iconographic medical procedures such as computerized layer scan or two-dimensional ultrasonography can be used directly as contour lines for the hologram, of course requiring the appropriate outline of the contours, which can be done automatically by a computer program or manually.

Although the application example presented is medical, it is

-2.1881 procedure allows state diagram folyamatdiagrammok three-dimensional display is possible, indeed it is possible mapping application: makes it possible to produce three-dimensional maps of avoiding modeling, only ⁵ start from the computer data.

Claims (4)

Claims 1. A method for displaying three-dimensional representations of bivariate functions, in particular biomedical but other technical, architectural or similar bivariate functions, characterized in that the bivariate function is subdivided into contour lines by planar intersection planes and (5) placed separately on multiple exposures onto a holographic plate (6) on a reflective white light hologram, which in a known manner is illuminated with white light to display the spatial shape of the lines. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the planar intersection lines serving as the object elements (5) are applied to a flat film by a phototechnical process or automatically controlled on a transparent liquid crystal display as transparent lines. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the object elements (5) containing the planar section (contour) lines are illuminated with a diffuser (4) by means of laser light. 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the object elements (5) are contour lines drawn from the images of the test methods providing the sectional images by manual or computerized method, thus allowing direct visualization of the internal structure of the opaque bodies.