HU188097B - Process for production of suspended artificial manure - Google Patents

Abstract

Suspensions of artificial fertilisers are produced by grinding the solid raw materials opt. with plant protection, weed killer or pesticide additives and/or soil improvers in the presence of the liq. phase to a particle size smaller than 0.25 mm and dispersing the particles in the same process or immediately following by activation in high-speed collisions at velocities of 50-200, pref. 80-100 m per second in the known way.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of slurry fertilizers using solid phase material (s) and optionally plant protection agent (s), weed control agent (s) and / or soil improver (s) and liquid phase.

It is well known that the use of complex fertilizers, including liquid fertilizers, is gaining ground in modern agriculture. There are two types of liquid fertilizers: pure fertilizer and slurry.

Suspended fertilizers are produced by a combination of various chemical processes and blending processes or by mechanical blending only.

The combined methods may be cold or hot depending on the conditions of production (temperature). Typically, in the first step of the process, a basic suspension, e.g. using aluminum polyphosphate or orthophosphate-containing raw materials, the necessary stabilizer, varying in composition, composition and amount, is prepared and added thereto. Such a procedure is described e.g. HU-PS 175,886; patent specification.

These processes usually require separate grinding of the raw materials and the required suspending agent, and any intermediate cooling or separation. also for the rapid cooling of the finished product.

Pre-fine grinding of the components and grading to the required mesh size is also a prerequisite for mechanical blending processes. For this reason, the production of slurry fertilizer in this way is usually very time-consuming (30-240 minutes) and is a multi-step process, since it involves many other tasks, such as wetting, homogeneous distribution, dissolution of solids, etc. - to be done.

A general characteristic of the preparation of suspension fertilizers is that the suspensions have a limited stability and this stability over a longer period of time can only be achieved by the use of a stabilizer.

One of the most widespread and effective stabilizing agents is attapulgit, which is prescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,234,004. patent specification. USPS 3,148,970. In addition to colloidal clay, ammonium water-soluble salts of certain metals (Ca, Mg, Ba, Al) are used to obtain a stable suspension. No. HU-PS 176,147. In addition, sorbitol, casein salt and / or hydrolyzed starch is also required as an additional dispersant in the process of this patent.

No. 176,027 of HU-PS. According to example 3 of the patent, one of the components of the starting materials is dicalcium phosphate, which has already been activated by the dry process of the invention, to which urea, potassium salt and water are added in an appropriate proportion and then mixed for 45 minutes. Thus, a slurry fertilizer is prepared in which the dicalcium phosphate also retains its known advantageous properties in the slurry.

According to the process, the preparation of a given slurry fertilizer is carried out in two steps, first of which the mineral phosphate is activated by dry activation, and in the presence of a catalyst, a dicalcium phosphate-containing fertilizer is formed. By using continuous mixing with water, slurry fertilizer can be prepared in an almost hour-long mixing time.

HU-PS 176,186. The process of this patent relates to the preparation of suspensions of fertilizers, pesticides and soil improvers. Optionally obtained directly from natural location - - one or more solid the process fertilizer raw material, if desired, - or more pesticide and / or under the substance improving soil structure, and the application is preferably a known stabilizer, in water of at least 10 ³ s ^_l shear rate dispersing. According to the examples of the patent, a first slurry is prepared by adding a fertilizer to a given amount of water. After reaching the optimum ratio, the material is sheared for another minute. From the thus obtained suspension, two, three-component fertilizer suspension complexes are prepared and sheared for another minute. In each case, a suspension of bentonite, illite, or clay mineral stabilizer is added to prepare the suspension.

The process is complex, multi-step. Dispersion with a shear rate of at least 10 ³ s ~ ^{1 requires} expensive equipment and operating conditions. Mandatory stabilizers are generally difficult to produce and / or use. therefore expensive materials. In any case, their basic function is to ensure the stability of the suspension. Their use is indispensable for the conventional process, since the known conditions alone cannot provide the following conditions for the proper stability of suspension fertilizers by the use of fertilizer raw materials:

- the solid phase particles preferably have an irregular shape to achieve a high specific surface area,

approach to homodisperse particle distribution, and

- a satisfactory degree and mode of dispersion of the solid phase particles, preferably to achieve a statistically homogeneous distribution.

These conditions can only be partially met or approached by both combined and blending and conventional methods, but still only with high energy input and complex separation-grading steps. Full satisfaction of the conditions is not possible in the first place since the abrasion effect due to the intense or prolonged mixing required to achieve a statistically homogeneous distribution precludes the presence or persistence of irregularly shaped particles which contribute to the stability of the suspension. On the other hand, intensive mixing prevents the homodisperse suspension from remaining and creates a polydisperse suspension by greatly increasing the fine particle fraction ratio. This circumstance, in turn, increases the viscosity of the suspension linearly up to a certain limit and then causes the suspension to become frozen and renders further treatment impossible.

Lack of Conditions and Such Circumstances 21

The drawbacks of the use of the 188 097 suspensions can severely limit the well-known benefits of slurry fertilizers. ₅

In summary, conventional techniques are complex, require high levels of equipment and investment, require significant energy, and have a limited stability over a long treatment time of about a minute per hour, but only with a stabilizer. .

Preparation of the suspension fertilizer according to the invention the solid phase material (s) - and optionally the pesticide (s), weed and pest control agent (s) and / or soil conditioner (s) - hereinafter made using ⁵ of base liquid phase. The process is characterized in that the solid phase is dispersed in the presence of a liquid phase, if necessary, to particles smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and in one step or directly followed by ^2C air while the material particles of the dispersion are dispersed. -200 m / s, preferably 80-100 m / s and at most 1 minute abuttingly itself is activated in known manner, optionally inhibitors of the finished suspension anyago- ²ⁱ crystal formation (s), preferably duzadóképes clays, e. bentonite, attapulgite and, if necessary, the supernatant suspension particles are separated from the suspension and recycled as a solid or concentrate. 31

The process utilizes a naturally occurring fertilizer component (s) and / or fertilizer (s) as a solid phase feedstock, optionally together with a crystalline inhibitor.

During the process, water and water were used as the liquid phase. optionally, a base suspension or a concentrate thereof.

It is advantageous for the process to break at least 50% of the solid phase particles to a particle size of 0.05-0.15 mm. ⁴

It is also advantageous to disperse in a rod mill and to impact the material particles for 15-40 seconds.

The process of the present invention is based on: 4

It is known that breakage of solids at high speeds and in short order of magnitude involves very complex transformations which are usually subdivided into primary and secondary processes.

Primary processes result in an increase in the free energy of the system and in the reactivity and activity of the fractured material.

Fracture, as an adiabatic phenomenon, causes heat to be released inside the material by the instantaneous release of energy during deformation. As a consequence of this, the vibration amplitude of the atoms increases, which also increases the probability of lattice defects and their diffusion rate. This misrule primarily occurs in ^one of the fresh fracture surfaces a high probability _(gel with the warming and subsequent cooling of the largest and greatest speed.

However, the change is not limited to the surface portions, since the heat shock also occurs at the surface of the granules and acts.

Among the secondary processes, the phenomenon of the increase in the degree of dispersion, which is observed in the coarse-grained particle, plays a very important role. The adhesive forces between the surfaces of the particles can also cause aggregation and adhesion of the particles.

It has been found that the fracture and simultaneous dispersion used in the process of the present invention creates the conditions already described for the production of a stable suspension fertilizer, and thus allows for proper stability without the use of a separate stabilizer.

The increase in the degree of dispersion between the primary phenomena advantageously favors the formation of a homogeneous suspension. The increase in heat transfer and surface energy, on the one hand, promotes the rapid solution dissolution of soluble material and, on the other hand, the wetting of undissolved or insoluble matter. However, the secondary agglomeration phenomenon would counteract the development of a homogeneous slurry. It has been found that the advantages of the primary region can be maximized and the disadvantageous secondary effects can be prevented by breaking and slurrying together with activation in the presence of a liquid phase.

In the process of the invention, a very fine and homogeneous, very uniform distribution of the discharged solid and liquid phase materials is obtained within a short time. The liquid phase is converted into very small, spray-like droplets. In the presence of the liquid phase, the solid phase component (s), both dispersed and the liquid phase to be dispersed as the dispersion medium, will form the desired uniformly dispersed dispersion in the continuous air During the process, they are activated at an appropriate rate of collision with each other and with the equipment used. This produces a high quality, stable, homogeneous suspension within a short period of time, which, when leaving the system of the process, forms a continuous liquid medium in which the solid phase dispensed is perfectly distributed, thereby providing a statistically homogeneous suspension.

In the process according to the invention, the fracture in the presence of the liquid phase also ensures perfect wetting since the fresh fracture surface has no boundary.

At high impact speeds, short-time fractures produce irregularly shaped solid particles which also have a high fracture surface, which helps to form a stable suspension.

Activation-related fractures in dry conditions showed a relatively large particle size distribution of about 0.1-0.2 mm at a relatively narrow particle size distribution of the fractured product. 40% share. Laboratory and plant scale experiments of our process have surprisingly found that an even greater proportion (about 50%) of the granules in the process of the present invention have a narrower, about 50%, size. 0.085-0.15 mm, but the distribution of the other grain classes

188,097 can be considered smooth. The particle distribution in this manner is very close to the homodisperse distribution which is essential for stable suspensions.

To summarize continuous air Eljárásunknál ⁵ medium-shaped spray of liquid particles and solid phase collision occurs. Recognizing this and the practice - which were unknown to traditional solutions - made it possible to: ¹⁰

- from solid phase materials or naturally occurring fertilizer component (s) and / or fertilizer (s), using the liquid phase,

- without suspending ¹⁵

- one-step procedure,

- with an impact velocity one order of magnitude lower than conventional,

- in the order of magnitude s,

Can be generated with high stability, the refocus viszonyít- ²⁰ va substantially lower value, storable suspension fertilizer sedimentation -.

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the process of the present invention.

The starting materials used were commercial grade solid phase fertilizer raw materials of the given type, active ingredient and particle size as shown in the following letters:

(a) Moroccan crude phosphate,

Content P ₂ O ₅ - 32.7% 30 Granules above 0.5 mm 11.65% Granules between 0.1 and 0.5 mm 86.99% Granules below 0.1 mm 1.36% (b) Superphosphate P ₂ O ₅ content 18% Granules above 0.5 mm 74.08% 35 Granules between 0.1 and 0.5 mm 23.93% c) Urea (granular), N content = 46% the particles are 1-2 mm (d) Potassium salt, K ₂ O content 60% Granules above 0.5 mm 3.2% 40

0.1-0.5 mm grain 73.8%

Granules below 0.1 mm 23.0%

Dispersion medium: water.

No stabilizer was used.

The suspensions were prepared for each of the examples (1-6) of the present invention using an operating size apparatus of 1 t / h at room temperature. The loaded material was in a 3-row rotary disintegrator for 17 s in each case for comparability. The final suspension bot was sampled and the density of the suspension and the settling values at 2 hours and 24 hours were measured. (Deposition is defined as the distance between the liquid surface and the sedimented portion expressed as a percentage of the total suspension height.)

The typical starting process and final product data for the examples are set forth in the following Table 1. Table.

Additions to Example 6: The suspension of the Example was tested after 30 days of storage. It had a sedimentation of 14%, no segregation was observed and the suspension could still be discarded from the vessel. After 2-3 minutes of mixing with a simple mixer prior to use, the quality was the same as that of the fresh suspension and was irrigated without any problems.

Example 7: The starting materials of Example 6 were slurried in a 1m ³ propeller mixer. The agitator propeller speed was 1500 rpm. After a mixing time of 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes, the proportion of solids above 0.5 mm was sampled and the proportion of the solid phase of the dispatch was measured (as the 0.5 mm portion generally causes plugging and slurry in the dispenser). not hold). In addition, the sedimentation of the suspension was also examined. The measured values are shown in Table 2 below. they were formed according to table:

No. 1 spreadsheet

Example number the Solid phase kg / h b c d Liquid phase Shoot might run stakes * speed m / sec density in kg / m ³ Suspension sedimentation% ₂ h 24 ^h First 540 - - 460 85 1430 0 2 Second 360 - - - 640 85 1330 4 15 Third 360 - - - 640 100 1330 1 6 4th 236 - 328 126 310 85 1520 6 18 5th 245 218 - 197 340 85 1660 1 4 6th 219 195 - 176 410 85 1460 1 5

* The impact velocity corresponds to the circumferential velocity of the hammer point on the largest diameter of the rotor.

No. 2 spreadsheet mixing time minutes 60 120 180 240 Solid above 0.5 mm 24 17 15 12 % of substance in suspension suspension after settling for 2 ^h 22 15 10 8 After 24 ^hours 39 24 19 18

The theoretical process of exemplifying the process is illustrated in FIG. Figure 5a shows as follows:

Solid fertilizers in bulk or in bulk and other solid materials, pesticides, weeds and insecticides, soil improvers, etc. preferably in storage containers of one variety. For the desired composition of suspension fertilizer

The required volumes 188 097 are conveyed by the dispenser 2 to the conveyor mixer 3. From there, the exact composition and optionally mixed solid phase, possibly via the dosing tank 4, is dispensed to dispense the crushing-dispersing device 5, in this case a disinfectant. Liquid phase (water, basic suspension, solutions of trace and micronutrients, solutions or suspensions of pesticides, weeds and insecticides, etc.) using dispensers for dispensing the crushing-dispersion device 5. The solid and liquid phases are co-dispensed into the breaker 5, optionally centrally or radially offset of one or both phases. The discharged solid and liquid phase materials are treated together in the crusher-disperser 5 for a short period of time (about a second) (fracture, dispersion, and impact activation). The finished slurry is transferred to a collecting container 8, where it is pumped to the storage site and transport or dispensing equipment.

The present invention, without being exhaustive, has the following main advantages:

- In contrast to conventional two-stage or multi-stage processes, it is possible to produce a stable slurry fertilizer in a technological stage in a treatment time of the order of seconds.

Any solid or liquid fertilizer feedstock may be used as a suspension material. There are also starting materials known to be effective in agriculture - e.g. raw phosphate, even of inferior quality, can be used, which has not been used or applied as a slurry fertilizer.

- The ratio of solid to liquid phases is determined solely by the criteria of use.

Highly stable slurry fertilizers with significantly less sedimentation compared to conventional fertilizers produced by conventional methods can be produced by the process without a stabilizer.

If necessary, the amount of additives to prevent crystallization and increase the fluidity is 20-50% less than in conventional processes.

The density of the slurry produced by the process can also be set at a significantly higher density than that required for use. This is your gentleman. the base slurry can then be used as a liquid phase in the actual slurry formation, or even for substances or materials that may still be needed. By adding and mixing the liquid phase at the point of application, the desired application density can be obtained. This increases the production capacity of the process; the risk of sedimentation of denser suspensions, even with longer storage times, is reduced.

The slurry fertilizer produced by the process of the invention is mechanochemically activated. This advantageously contributes both to the rapid and perfect formation and sustained suspension of the suspension and to the accelerated and favorable nutrient uptake by the plants.

- The procedure can be set up with simple, less expensive, simple, well-known and used tools.

- Due to the above advantages, technology requires significantly lower production costs (materials, energy, equipment, etc.) than traditional ones.

- Technology can be easily and well controlled and automated at high capacity limits.

- Suspended fertilizer produced by the process

even after prolonged storage, it can be dispensed to the site of use with confidence, providing all the essential benefits of liquid fertilizers and, in particular, slurry fertilizers.

Claims (6)

A process for the production of suspension fertilizers using solid phase feedstock (s) and optionally plant protection agent (s), weed and insecticide (s) and / or soil improver (s), wherein the solid phase is liquid in the presence of a phase, if necessary breaking into particles smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, in one step or immediately thereafter, while the material particles of the dispersion are 50-200 m / s, preferably 80-100 It is activated in a manner known per se at a rate of up to 1 minute at a rate of up to 1 minute per m / s and, if appropriate, crystalline inhibitors, e.g. bentonite, attapulgite and, if necessary, the supernatant suspension particles are separated from the suspension and recycled as a solid or concentrate. ₄₅ A process according to claim 1, wherein the solid phase feedstock is a naturally occurring fertilizer component (s) and / or fertilizer (s), optionally together with a crystalline inhibitor. ₅₀ 3. A method according to claim 1 characterized ^u ve, that is used as a liquid phase of water and optionally alapszuszpenziót or concentrates thereof. The process of claim I, wherein at least 50% of the solid phase particles are broken to a particle size of ^{55 to} 0.05-0.15 mm. I 5. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that it is dispersed in a rod mill. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the material particles are exposed to collision for 15 to 40 seconds.