HU184812B - Battery with changable consumable anode, electrochemical cell de polarizable by gas and bipolar cell for the battery - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a battery with replaceable consumable, electrolyte, spaced apart cathodes and a neutral material container receiving metallic consumables made of electrolyte consumable material, cathodes and consumables associated with external load, where consumables are interchangeably arranged in the container. and a gas-depolarizable electrochemical cell with an insulating container, at least two cell units in the container, and an electrolyte chamber delimited by the cell unit, and consumables and cathodes associated with the cell units. The subject is also a bipolar element with a depletion and cathode, which is particularly suitable for the formation of the battery and the electrochemical cell. The core of the invention, the electrochemical cell and the bipolar element is that the cathode is made of a box-like cathode element, a porous material of gas-permeable material, while the consumable is formed of a separate corrosion-resistant support element or a cathode element separated from the metal consuming electrolyte or the box-like cathode element. The cathode element is provided with a depolarizable gas inlet inlet and outlet, the formation of which in the cathode element provides an overpressure, and thus the pressure of the liquid electrolyte and the depolarizing gas within the porous cathode is balanced. In the battery, electrochemical cell and bipolar element of the present invention, the replacement of the consumable can be easily accomplished and the replacement does not cause damage. -1-

Description

The present invention relates to a battery with an interchangeable consumable anode having an inert container for receiving electrolyte, spatially spaced cathodes and metallic consumables made of electrolyte consumable material, and having terminals capable of being connected to an external load on the cathodes and consumables, and a gas depolarizable electrochemical cell provided with a reservoir of insulating material, at least two cell units formed in the container and an electrolytic chamber bounded by the cell unit, and consumable anodes and cathodes associated with the cell units. It also relates to a bipolar cell with a consumable anode and a cathode which is particularly suitable for the formation of a battery and an electrochemical cell. In the battery, electrochemical cell, and bipolar cell of the present invention, replacement of a consumable anode is easy and the replacement does not cause any damage.

Rechargeable batteries and other energy conversion systems in which one of the electrodes is made of metal or a metal alloy and the metal is converted into a solution (called battery electrolyte) during energy production (discharge of the battery) and accumulation of energy (battery charge) are well known. is deposited again. Well-known examples of these are nickel-cadmium, batteries and batteries with silver oxide-zinc electrodes. Also known are energy conversion devices having cathodes depolarized with a halogen element or oxygen and containing, for example, a consumable anode of zinc, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, or the like. In many cases, these energy conversion systems are supplied with a new electrode on site, whereby the anode consuming material is partially or completely reconditioned by applying external potential to the consumable metal in some or all of the battery units. Although attempts have been made to develop a solution that does not reduce the battery's power through refurbishment, in practice, they cannot be restored to their original state of charge, shorter in life and replaced for a relatively long period of time after replacement.

Dry cells with anodes which can be removed and inserted into the surrounding cathode chamber are known, inter alia, from 3,436,270; 3,513,030; 3,553,024; U.S. Patent No. 3,708,345. The anodes are generally made of low-grade metal, crushed or sintered low-grade metal powder, and are mounted on porous metal supports or canopies. The support or canopy material may be nickel, iron, copper, titanium, tantalum, or alloys thereof. In these known colonies, the removal of the anodes and the insertion of new anodes into the cathode chamber or into the surrounding element is problematic because the structure of the anode changes due to deformation during insertion outside the cathode chamber. Furthermore, during the removal of the anodes and the insertion of new anodes, the electrolyte impregnated paper separator elements placed in the cathode chambers may become crumpled or torn.

The anode of the battery of the present invention is formed on a rigid, thin corrosion resistant metal support plate with an off-site deposit. The support plate material may be, for example, titanium, tantalum, tantalum-coated titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, niobium, yttrium, tungsten, nickel. A consumable electrode, such as zinc, placed on the support plate can be deposited outside the battery under the most favorable conditions. The rigid anode holder, together with the metal placed thereon, is placed in the cell opposite the cathode and used until the anode is practically consumed. The anode support plate is then removed from the cell and a new wearable support plate is inserted, while the removed support plate is re-coated with consumable metal outside the battery. Alternatively, the consumable in the grips is removably placed on the cathode can, and when the material is out, removed from the cathode canister and a new consumable is inserted in the grip.

Since zinc is currently considered the most suitable material for a consumable anode, the present invention will now be described, by way of example, on the basis of an anode zinc consumable, but of course other consumables such as iron, lithium,

2o cadmium or the like may be used. The present invention relates to all energy conversion systems in which consumable nuts are used.

Preferably, the cathode is formed in a box-like structure made of metal that is resistant to the effects of electrolyte used in the battery. Examples of such materials are titanium, tantalum, tantalum coated titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, niobium, yttrium, tungsten, nickel. The cathode can is sintered on at least one side of the porous material and impregnated with porous material or activated by a catalyst. Examples of the catalyst include platinum group metals, platinum black, platinum group metal oxides, other catalytic metal oxides such as perovskites, delaphosites, bronzes, spinel-type oxides. The activation of the sintered porous metal wall 35 is most conveniently accomplished by soaking the degreased and slightly etched or pickled porous metal sheet with a solution of the thermally decomposing compound of the catalyst and then subjecting the material to a heat treatment in an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. As a result, the salt containing the catalyst material is decomposed and the catalyst (oxide or metal) is deposited on the surface and pores of the color wall.

The activated porous wall is impregnated with a fat-repellent 45 (lipophobic) or hydrophobic plastic on its inner surface, i.e., facing the interior of the box-shaped cathode. Examples of such materials are polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorofluoroethylene, various vinyl resins, but many other materials can be used. These materials are introduced into the pores of the colored wall in such a way that they penetrate to a certain depth, but do not penetrate the entire width of the wall. The impregnating agent partially covers the surface of the pores on the inner surface of the cathode and imparts hydrophobic properties to the gas-side layer of the porous cathode.

This solution can significantly reduce the penetration of the electrolyte into the box-like elements and allow three phase contact layers to be maintained on the porous portions of the cathode.

The electrical connection between the box-like cathode elements and the adjacent anodes is provided by the electrolyte filling the space between them.

The electrolyte, placed in a separate tank or tank, flows continuously between the electrodes. Flow or distribution pipes are suitable

184,812 are supported by wires, which are preferably placed in the walls of the battery container of the battery.

The inner space of each box-like element is connected via inlet and outlet to conduits for the introduction and outlet of cathode depolarizing gas (e.g., air, oxygen, etc.). In the box-like elements, the gas flows under pressure at a value close to the flow pressure of the electrolyte conducted outside the porous cathode.

When the battery is discharged, that is, when using the electricity stored in it, the depolarizing gas, such as oxygen or other oxygen-containing gas, is circulated inside the porous-walled cathode cells while the electrolyte is contacted externally. The pressure of the gas introduced from the inside of the activated porous cathode sides is selected in accordance with the pressure of the electrolyte such that the electrolyte cannot penetrate the pores of the cathode elements inside the cathode elements and the gas cannot flow through the electrolyte. Alkaline electrolytes made of hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or mixtures containing potassium and rubidium hydroxide are particularly recommended, but other electrolytes are also suitable for efficient battery operation.

When using oxygen or air depolarized cathodes and zinc consumable anodes, the following reactions occur within the cells of the battery:

1. at the cathode:

1/2 O ₂ + HjO + 2e '- * 2OH;

2. at the anode:

Zn + 2OH - * ZnO + H ₂ 0 + 2e.

One cell in the battery, so the following reaction is typical:

Zn + 1/2 O ₂ -> ZnO.

The battery of the present invention provides these reactions.

A preferred embodiment of the battery of the present invention is comprised of metal box-shaped cells housed in a container of inert material, wherein the cells comprise a consumable and a gas-depolarizable cathode, and wherein the box-shaped cells are removably located within the container. In this way, the consumable can be renewed outside the cell container and reused in a similar container or even the same. The cells can also be configured so that only the anodes are removed, the box-shaped cathodes remain in place, and new consumable anodes can be placed on them.

In another preferred embodiment of the battery of the present invention are hollow box-like cells in which the cathode forms a gas-permeable and oxygen-reducing porous electrode while the anode is removably formed of zinc or other consumable metal and the anode is disposed in the same or similar battery container. .

In another preferred embodiment, there are interchangeable bipolar cells having a means for circulating electrolyte in the space between adjacent cells and a gas activating means for activating the battery within the box-like cathode.

In a further preferred embodiment of the battery according to the invention, the cells comprise gas-permeable oxygen reducing elements in which the electrolyte and the gas are in contact with each other during operation of the battery.

Another preferred embodiment can be obtained by using a porous hollow, cylindrical or tubular cathode and a solid or porous consumable anode, where the anode can be removed and replaced by other similar units when the material undergoes some or all of its chemical processes. .

It is also very advantageous to use movable anode and cathode elements which can be provided with guides for anodes and cathodes in the reservoir of the battery of the present invention, and guiding is provided so that when they are removed from the container, the cathodes and anodes are not in contact.

A preferred solution of the battery of the present invention is

2Q provided a robust container with no fine parts or breakable covers that could be damaged when replacing the anodes so that the anodes in the container can be replaced without causing damage to the components inside the container.

In the following, reference will be made, in the detailed description, to further preferred embodiments and specific advantages.

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments, based on the accompanying drawings. In the drawing, which illustrates the concepts underlying the work of ki3Q of the present invention

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a box-like bipolar element, a

Figure 2 is a perspective view of an element four containing two intermediate bipolar elements, one cathodic and one anodic closure,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reservoir of the battery of the present invention in which bipolar elements can be removed and inserted to achieve the desired cell number;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery of line 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view (excluding some parts) of the battery of the present invention in which the anodes and cathodes are double-walled such that the anodes and the cathodes are first and second , all active on their backside, a

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the two cathode members and two anode members of Fig. 5, showing the electrical connections formed between them;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the battery container taken along line 3-3 of Figure 5, wherein anode plates mounted on a support plate are removably (removable and insertable) disposed to renew the consumed anode outside the battery container;

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a battery container with oxygen depolarizable cathodes and replaceable anodes of the present invention,

Figure 9 is an enlarged view of the assembly 60 of the anode and cathode of the embodiment of Figure 8, a

Figure 10 is a top plan view of another preferred embodiment of the battery of the present invention;

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of Figure 10.

ί.

fc

I;

!

1-4. and Figures 8-11. Figures 5 to 7 show bipolar embodiments of the invention; Figures 3 to 5 show the monopolar embodiment.

The battery of the present invention, as shown in the figure, consists of interchangeable bipolar units. These are unique, vertical arrangement of flat and thin box-shaped cathode elements 1 (Fig. 1) made of resistant metal such as nickel, stainless steel or the like. They each have 2 front panels with a flat surface on which there are 5 consumable anodes. The cathode elements 1 further comprise U-shaped upper, lower 3a and lateral side members 3b, which are preferably made of a single metal piece. The spacers also provide support for 4 cathodes. The cathode 4 is made of a gas-permeable, porous, sintered activated material, such as titanium, other valve metal, or a catalyst, such as nickel impregnated with a catalyst, as described above, and stainless steel. Suitable catalysts are the metal of the platinum group, its oxide, other catalytic oxides such as spinels, perovskites, delafossites, bronzes and other materials. Preferably, the color-spherical cathode 4 of porous and activated material is formed separately and supported on the U-shaped upper, lower 3a and lateral side members 3b.

The sintered cathode 4 of porous and gas permeable material (similar to the cathodes 32, 34 described below in the embodiments described in Figure 5) is made of any corrosion resistant metal. The sintering of the crushed corrosion-resistant metal particles should be carried out according to well-known techniques, preferably employing commercially available filter metal tubes and sheets with a porosity of 30 to 65%. In sintered porous material cathode slices 4 are made of silicon or suitable resistant metals such as titanium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, vanadium, yttrium, alloys of the listed metals, nickel, stainless steel. The particles are preferably spherical and have a relatively uniform distribution in particle size. It is advantageous if the particle size is in the range of 10 ... 30, 30 ... 50, 50 ... 70, or 100 ... 150 mesh. It is preferable to choose larger particle sizes, i.e. 10 ... 30 and 30 ... 50 mesh. With such a particle size, the catalyst impregnated and coated with a cathode having a porosity of about 50% allows for a very efficient passage of both liquids and gases. By means of porosity, the gas pressure can be controlled so that the liquid electrolyte does not flood the cathode pores and the gas does not flow into the electrolyte.

The surfaces of the sintered porous cathode 4 facing toward the inside of the box-like cathode member 1 are preferably coated with a hydrophobic material such as fluorocarbon to render the cathode surface substantially impermeable to the aqueous electrolyte while not impregnating the outer side with the electrolyte. . Adding to the effect of the overpressure of the gas inside the box-like cathode 1, the layer of hydrophobic material virtually eliminates the possibility of the electrolyte penetrating inside the box-like cathode 1. However, in the box-like cathode elements 1, drainage means may be provided so that a small amount of liquid penetrating into the interior or accidentally discharged can be removed.

The front wall 2 has a box-shaped bipolar cathode member 1

184,812 are provided with a replaceable zinc plate or other consumable anode material as a consumable anode. The wear plate 5 is suitably guided on the front wall 2 and is mechanically engaged therewith by means of a clamping plate 6 or a spring plate which is suitably formed by welding or soldering a foil properly bent along the vertical edge of the front wall 2. a horizontal strip is attached to the lower end of the vertical strip as a support. The wear anode 5 can be easily slid between the vertical clamping plates 6 or spring plates and the front wall 2; it then leans on the lower plate. The 5 consumables can be removed quickly as needed with a simple operation. The consumable anode 5 may be made of a solid or porous zinc sheet having a smooth or coarse surface and, if necessary, other suitable metal sheet.

Suitable holes (not shown) can be made in the top of the zinc sheet, which may be provided with gripping elements, e.g.

Fitting with a 2q tweezer, the operation of the replacement is simplified.

Both the consumable anode 5 and the porous cathode 4 are smaller than the receiving dimensions of the side walls of the box-like cathode element 1, and therefore the side walls of the cathode element 1 have outer surfaces outside the cathode 25 and 5, respectively. ) may be placed in grooves 11 or other suitable spacers.

7 inlets and 8 outlets serve to introduce depolarizing gas and maintain the required pressure inside the box-like cathode member 13Q.

In addition to the clamping plates 6 or spring plates shown in Fig. 1, the connection of the wear member 5 to the face plate 2 may also be accomplished by other means, for example, electrically conductive glue can be used to secure the wear member 5 to the face 2 of the cathode member. However, the use of spring-loaded grips seems to be more convenient, since in this case the consumable nozzle 5 can also be removed without having to remove the drums from the battery container, so that the battery can be recharged quickly.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of four box-shaped cathode members 1, which also show their spatial arrangement: each cathode 4 is opposite to the consumable 5 on the adjacent cathode member 45.

The first cathode element A, connected to the negative terminal corner of the battery, has a solid wall instead of a cathode 24 and has a consumption 5 which is held by a clamping plate 6 or a spring plate. The negative pole of the battery is connected to an external load circuit as a positive pole. Similarly, the last cathode member D has only 4 cathodes and is not consumed; it connects to the positive pole of the battery with 25 terminals. The bipolar cathode elements 1 and B 55 of the battery are located between the two extreme cathode elements 1 and 2, but of course any number of bipolar cathode elements 1 can be placed between the two extremities to produce the required battery voltage.

Cathode B 1 has a porous cathode 4 (visible in the broken out corner of cathode B 1) facing a consumable 5 of a cathode A 1 which is closed, while a consumption 5 is a porous cathode 1 not shown in the drawing. 4 cathodes and so on. 65 Gas inlet 7 of cathode elements 1 and B,

The outlet of the gas outlet 8184 8U or gas outlet 8 is coupled to a distribution device or a suction device whereby air, oxygen or other depolarizing gas can be supplied under pressure controlled in the box-type cathode members 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view showing 10 containers of 3 batteries. The wall of the battery container is made of plastic, hard rubber or other electrically neutral material and is formed with grooves 11 or other spatially separating elements into which each box-shaped cathode element 1 can be inserted. All the grooves do not have to be elemental at the bottom of the container 10 and therefore there is a space 16 in the container 10 (Fig. 4) for the flow, suction, etc. of the electrolyte under the box-like cathode elements.

When the cathode elements 1 are placed in all slots, there is a space 12 between the cathodes 4 on their boxes and the consumable anode 5 on the next box, which ensures their spatial separation.

Instead of the grooves 11 formed in the sidewall of the container 10, other constructional solutions may be used, provided that the cathode elements 1 are held in the sidewalls of the container 10 and pushed to the required depth.

The walls of the container 10 are provided with wires 13 and 14 which contact the spaces 12 between the electrodes through wires 13a and 14a. During operation, an electrolyte is discharged from a cool tank or vessel into the compartments 12, whereupon the conduits 13 and 14 serve as inlet and outlet. The cathode 1 of the cathode member A is electrically connected to the terminal 24 at the negative corner of the battery, while the other cathode member 1 (cathode la in Fig. 2, not shown in Fig. 3) acts as a closure D in Fig. connected to the positive corner of the battery.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery along line 4-4 of Figure 3. The cathode member 1 shown in this figure has an inactive lower portion 15 extending a defined distance from the horizontal clamping plate 6 or spring plate, i.e., from the lower edge of the functional portion of the consumable anode 5. The lower portion of the IS Snektiv is preferably 3 to 5 times as long as the distance between the cathode 4 and the consumable anode 5 (i.e., the width of the space 12 shown in Figure 3). The inactive lower part 15 is intended to extend the current path of the shunt current in the electrolyte flowing in space 16.

It is also possible to have a design in which all the grooves reach the bottom of the container 10 so that the space 16 does not appear. In this case, the bipolar cathode elements 1 do not need the inactive lower portion 15 shown in FIG. 4, but may be constructed as shown in FIGS.

Preferably, however, the box-like cathode elements 1 do not reach the lower level of the container 10, but instead provide a space 16 between the lower level of the cathode elements 1 and the lower level of the container 10. In solid 16, solid oxides from the electrolyte, formed by the dissolution of the anode metal, may accumulate without interfering with the inter-electrode processes.

If the battery is refilled with fresh 5 consumable anodes by installing new plates, the electrolyte must be aspirated together with the precipitated oxides and compounds. A suction opening 26 is provided at the bottom of the container 10 for this purpose.

In the box-like cathode elements 1, the gas flow inlets 7 and outlets 8 are connected via a suitable connection 17 to a gas distribution pipe 18 and a gas exhaust pipe 19. Inside the battery tank 10, a pump or compressor and valve 21, in cooperation with the inlet line 22 and the outlet line 23, maintain the desired gas pressure inside the battery. The container 10 has a topsheet 9 which prevents the electrolyte from escaping. In the battery, the presence of the electrolyte is generally ensured up to the level indicated by the line 27 in Figure 4.

During operation, air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched gas or other depolarizing gas is introduced into the box-like cathode elements 1 by means of a pump 20 or other flow unit (Fig. 4). The gas outflow is controlled by the valve 21. A fixed constant pressure must be provided inside the cathode element 1 in order to prevent the electrolyte from penetrating the porous cathode 4 and to allow three phases in the porous cathode material to contact each other. The pressure required varies with the porosity and permeability of the activated porous cathode 4 and must be adjusted so that the electrolyte cannot overflow the pores of the cathode 4 and the gas does not flow through the wall into the electrolyte.

The most preferred anode material is zinc. Of course, any conductive material used in metal-oxygen interactions cells, that is, other metals, metal-like materials, alloys, and heavy metal salts, can be used. The consumable anode 5 is preferably made of solid metal, but porous, partially porous, or partially solid anodes may also be suitable. The anode plate may be smooth, slightly bent or rough. The material of the anode must be chosen to react chemically with the electrolyte and to have a higher electropositivity than oxygen. Suitable electrolytes are in particular alkaline materials, in particular mixtures of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and rubidium hydroxide, or similar liquids.

When the battery is connected to an external circuit, the current through the electrolyte 12 between the electrodes 12 to the zinc consumable 5, then through each conductive cathode 1 to the cathode 4 in the same element, and the next adjacent bipolar element zinc through the electrolyte 5, and so on to the battery terminal 25, which is connected to the external load circuit.

In order to limit the shunt current in the electrolyte in the lower part of the container 10, the space 16 may be partially filled with insulating material such as ceramic pieces, etc.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, cathode elements 31 similar to the box-shaped cathode lining 1 of Figures 1 and 2 are shown, which are made of a suitable metal such as nickel, stainless steel, etc. They are made. The cathode elements 31 have cathodes 32 and 34, which are porous walls and are encased in rectangular elements having upper, lower 33a, 33b and 33c U-shaped 33 side panels. The spacers are preferably formed from a single metal workpiece. The color spaces of the 32.34 cathodes are made of activated titanium or other resistant metal, nickel, stainless steel. The nickel or stainless steel is impregnated with catalytic materials. As catalysts, platinum group metals, their oxides, their mixed oxides and other catalytic oxides such as spinels, perovskites, delafossites, bronzes, etc. They can be used. The cathodes 32, 34

5F.

1 184 812 is preferably U-shaped upper 33, lower 33a and 33b, respectively

Ϊ Welded for gripping 33c side spacers.

Preferably, the inner surfaces of the color space cathodes 32 and 34 are impregnated with a lipophobic (e.g. hydrophobic) plastic such as · fluorocarbide, which renders the cathode substantially resistant to the aqueous electrolyte from the outside while the porosity to the gas remains substantially unchanged internally. . The overpressure within the cathode elements 31 together with the hydrophobic coating allows the electrolyte not to flow into the inside of the box. However, suction units may be disposed within the cathode element 31 to remove any ingress or accidental spillage of the cathode element 31.

The cathode element 31 has a consumable anode 35 which is removably mounted on a support plate 36. The support plates are made of light metal, such as titanium, tantalum-coated titanium, nickel, or other suitable metal, which is non-consumable in the electrolyte and is housed in grooves 37 or other suitable three-dimensional arrangement elements in the insulating wall of the battery. You're from zinc

Consumables 35 of other consumable material • may be electrically deposited on, or adhered to, the support plates 36, thermoplastic, ί with electrically conductive adhesive, or other components | in an other way. The upper part of the support plate 36 is suitable (the

Apertures (not shown in FIG. I) may be provided for easier placement and movement of the support plates 36 in the grooves 37, for which tools,

For example, you can make tweezers.

I Consumption 35 is smaller in size than support plate 36 circumferential side dimensions, therefore, at the edges of the support plate 36 a

There are batteries that are not involved in the operation of Battery I, which

They fit into the grooves 37 of the container 40.

I, Electrolyte Inlet 38 and Electrolyte Outlet: The conductive outlet 39 is provided with a branch 38a and 39a, respectively, through which the electrolyte can be introduced and circulated therein.

Conventional electrolytes, including alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, a mixture of potassium hydroxide and rubidium hydroxide, and the like can be used to form the battery. If necessary, acid electrolytes such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid are also suitable. Depending on the electrolyte, of course, the material of the anode must generally be chosen differently.

Referring to FIG. 5, exemplary box-shaped cathode elements 31, 30A, 30B, 30C and 30D are shown in FIGS. in the grooves of the container 41. The cathode elements 31 and the cathodes 34 are disposed opposite to the double wear member 35 applied to an adjacent support plate 36, except for the box containing the first cathode and the last anode. The first cathode element 31 of the series, 30A, is provided with a solid end wall (as opposed to a porous cathode 34 of the other elements, which is sintered) and the solid end wall is adjacent to one of the closure walls of the container 40. Similarly, the cathode 31 is a single cathode 30D located adjacent to the distal closure wall of the container 30A. The intermediate 30B, 30C, etc. Each of the porous color spaces of the cathode elements 31 is provided with cathodes 32 and 34, and between the boxes j of the intermediate cathode elements 31 is a support plate 36, on each side of which is attached a consumable 35.

Any number of anodes and cathodes can be placed between the two extreme cathode elements 31.

The cathode member 31 has porous cathodes 32 and 34, one of which is facing one of the 5 sides of the cathode 32, the zinc consumable 35 disposed between the cathode members 30B and 30C and the cathode 34 of the cathode member 30A and 30B. placed between the cathode elements, 35, also made of zinc, and so on over the entire length of the battery up to 1q to 30B. The consumable anodes 35 are mounted on support plates 36.

Preferably, the container 40 is made of a material having inert properties, such as plastic, and its grooves 37, 41 are formed so as not to extend to the bottom of the container 40, so that the retaining plates 36 and cathode elements 31 of the consumables 35 also do not reach they are separated in such a way that the electrolyte can flow in its designated area below the anodes and cathodes and, if necessary, can be removed through 42 discharge openings.

By inserting the cathode elements 31 into the grooves 41 and sliding the two carrier plates 36 into the grooves 37, a space 43 is formed between the porous cathodes 32 and 34 and the consumable anode 35 facing them, where the electrolyte can be passed. The electrolyte is placed in the space 43 in a separate container or vessel through the inlet 38 and the outlet 39 and can be flowed inside the container 40.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a battery of two cells 30 in which the box-shaped cathode elements 31 and the anodes mounted on the storage plate 36 are spatially connected in series. The box-shaped cathode elements 31 are connected by wire 44 to each other and the positive sm35 of the battery E, while the anchors 36 of the anodes 35 are formed by projections 3a interconnected by wires 45 and the negative terminal of the battery. An external load circuit can be supplied from the two corners. This solution is an embodiment of a monopolar battery.

Each box-type cathode member 31 is provided with an inlet 46 and an outlet 47 for gas inlet and outlet, respectively. They are connected to the gas distribution pipe 49 and the gas exhaust pipe 50 via connections 48 and 48a, respectively. Inside the box of cathode elements 31, the desired gas pressure is maintained by a pump or compressor 51 via a conduit 52, a conduit 53a and a throttle 53. The container 40 is sealed by a cover 54 and prevents the electrolyte moving in the container 40 from leaking. It is recommended to charge the battery electrolyte up to the level indicated by the line 55 in Figure 7.

If the battery! power is applied to an external circuit, and air, oxygen, other oxygen enriched gas 55, or other suitable depolarizing gas is supplied to the interior of the cathode element 31 by the pump 51 (FIG. 7) or other flow unit. The depolarizing gas is removed from the interior of the vessel 40 in a controlled manner by the throttle valve 53. A certain amount of overpressure 60 is maintained inside the porous wall box of the cathode element 31 to prevent the electrolyte from penetrating through the cathodes 32 and 34 and to create three phases contact in the material of the cathodes 32 and 34. The pressure to be applied depends on the porosity and permeability characteristics of the activated porous cathode, 65 and so on! to prevent the electrolyte from flooding-619 * 911 break the pores of the 32 and * 34 cathode. but ^ you knead the fte W to pass into the electrolyte.

During operation, the current from the porous barrier 34 to the opposed zinc anode 35 is tested for the elapsed volume of the electrolyte gap 43.

In order to reduce the size of the electrolyte aöntáram effluent arising in the lower portion of the battery container 56 should space partially insulated property * membered material such as broken _in ketómUcjődawljoM · kai completed.

Fig. 8 shows a unitary assembly of flat box-shaped bipolar anode and cathode elements having a battery compartment 61 having insulating properties with removable and removable spacers. Gas contains 62 inlets for introduction and 65 outlets for outlet. Through the inlet 62, gas may be introduced into the interior space 63 of the bipolar box elements 64 located in the battery container 61. The battery reservoir 61 can be connected to the dbtin by a non-paralyzed cover and can be connected to an external load by means of suitable hinged connections We can ¢ 1, and through it the outlet 65 is led.

The gas-inlet 62 inlets and 65 outlets 66 and 66? fitted with valves, which ensure the control of the gas pressure within the cathodes. The battery reservoir 61 35 is provided with grooves or other spacer spacers for guiding the box members 64. The cathode fingers 63 supported on the front face 64a of the box members 64, which on the one hand provide conduction of the depolarizing gas 33 and on the other hand, provide space for the wear members 69 associated with the box member 64.

Figure 9 is an enlarged view of a negative corner of the battery shown in Figure 8. There are 68 cathode fingers for the 64 box elements · 35. The depolarizing gas entering the cavity of the cathode fingers 68 passes through the apertures 67 to the base of the cathode finger 68, which must be made of corrosion-resistant, porous, and gas-permeable metal over most of its surface. Elements made of sintered metal with a porosity of about 50% and impregnated with an oxygen reducing catalyst are suitable for this purpose. Catalysts include platinum group metals, including platinum black, platinum group metal oxide, and other catalytic metal oxides, such as perovskite, delafossite, bronze, spinel oxides, and the like. as we mentioned earlier. These catalysts are capable of reducing oxygen to a hydroxide group which can then be reacted with consumable zinc 69 as a source of light at a rate of 50 l by the reactions described above. The reaction produces zinc oxide, part of which remains dissolved in the electrolyte, some precipitates as ZnO particles, and is thus suspended in the electrolyte until the electrolyte is removed from the battery 55 and new consumables 69 are added, i.e., the battery is refurbished.

One end of the wear anodes 69 is held in the insulating material guides 70 mounted on the front face 64a of the bipolar box members 64, while the other end is held on the opposite box members 64 by conductive clamping members 71 and 71a. The spring clamps 71 and 71a form a support for the electrical connection between the wear members 69 and the bipolar box members 64. The sides 8 of the detector elements 64 are connected by the support elements 73 as shown in FIG.

The drum elements 64, together with the hollow cathode fingers 68, are mounted on the battery reservoir 61, preferably successively, minf (left to right) 60A, 60B, 6QE, and so on. «EHsegyságeket. The cell unit 60A is a cathodic type adjacent to the left wall of the battery reservoir 61. This is connected to the positive corner of the battery. On the right side of the battery, the last 64 boxes are anodic half cells. It has the same ftMpftise as the other box elements 64, but has a solid barrier wall and no gas inlet, no spillage. This half cell connects to the negative corner of the battery.

As the battery is formed, the wear members 69 in the conductive members 70 of the insulating material formed on the wall of the cell unit 60A are latched while the box member 64 of the cell unit 60B is held by the spring clamps 71 and 7} securing the wear member 69 of the cell unit 60A. vlHgnny contact. The same option is used when eating more battery voltage at a larger number of units. which I build into the 61 tank tanks fce. The extreme cell units are connected to a load circuit across the corners of the battery. After assembling the battery, a replacement unit is replaced by a replacement of the consumable 69 by removing the electrolyte, removing the respective cell unit from the battery reservoir 61, and then removing the replacement consumables. and each individual 60A, 60B, 60E, etc. in the spring clamps 71 and 71a of the cell units. Thus, the electrical connection of the cell units is restored through the right corner of the consumables 69. With the use of a special tool, it is only possible to remove and replace the 69 consumable anodes.

Soldering fingers 68 may also be configured to facilitate mounting and dismantling, and may be provided with the 60A, 60B, 60E, etc. from the bottom to the top of the cell units, or as a vertical circular or conical gap starting from the front panel 64a. In the drawing, the gap between the cathode fingers 68 and the consumable electrodes 69, thus separating the electrodes, is disproportionately enlarged for clarity.

During the operation of the battery, the aforementioned chemical reactions result in current flowing from the ó9 consumables through the spring clamps 71 and 71a to the box members 64 and then from the box member 64 through the bracket 72 to the front panel 64, cathode fingers 68 and electrolyte. leads to wear and tear. The current path described herein is maintained until oxygen is supplied to the cathode fingers 68 from the canister 64 and the consumable 69 is exhausted. When at least one of the consumables 69 is completely or substantially depleted, the flow of oxygen-containing gas into the box elements 64 must be stopped. After draining the electrolyte from the battery and replacing the 69 consumable anodes with new ones, the battery is operational again.

Figures 10 and 11 are a modified form of the embodiment shown in Figures 8 and 9. The battery reservoir 73 includes grooves 61a or other spatially spaced elements having interchangeable anode / cathode assemblies comprising cathode fingers 78, cathode fingers 68 and 69 consumables similar to those of Figures 8 and 9,

-7184 812 placed. The walls of the reservoir 73 include conductors 74 and 75 which pass through channels 74a and 75a to the space between the consumable anodes 76 and the cathode fingers 78 for receiving the electrolyte. Zinc or other consumable metal anodes 76 are mounted on supports, which are mounted on support plate 76a or fingers. The support plate 76a is made of non-consumable metal in the electrolyte and is mounted on or integrated with the support plate 77. The zinc of the consumable anodes 76 is deposited on or otherwise bonded to the material of the support plate 76a or the like. Pre-formed zinc sheets may also be provided on the support plates 76a, or the support plates ε 76a may be made in a hook-like configuration on which zinc plates of appropriate shape may be received. The support plate 76a and the support plate 77 may be made of titanium, nickel, or other corrosion-resistant metal. The support plates 76a, together with the consumable anode 76 thereon, are arranged in the space between the porous cathodes 78a formed on the hollow cathode fingers 78.

The support plate 77 provides support by means of a spring clip 79. Other suitable devices are conceivable, but a conductive adhesive may be a suitable solution. The support plate 77 is connected via an intermediate wall 80 to a box-like element 81 from which a conduit 82 feeds oxygen or oxygen-containing gas to the cathode fingers 78, similar to those shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

The flow of depolarizing gas is connected through vertical lines 83 and 84 to the interior of the box-like element 81. The vertical conduits 83 and 84 are respectively connected to a gas inlet pipe 86 and a gas outlet pipe 87 through a connection element 85 respectively.

During operation of the battery shown, air, oxygen and other suitable gas enriched with oxygen are introduced into the box-like elements 81 through a vertical line 83 via a pump 89 or other suitable gas flow means (Figure 11). The gas is removed from the box-shaped element 81 by means of vertical pipes 84 and 90 through pipes 87. Inside the box-like element 81, a valve 91 provides the required pressure. The reservoir 73 of the battery is provided with a movable lid 92 which secures the electrolyte in the battery and prevents its accidental escape or splashing. Keep the electrolyte level approximately at the level indicated by the line 93 in the drawing. Electrodes are supported to maintain 94 spaces below them, allowing free connection between electrolyte-filled spaces, while 95 valves allow removal of electrolyte or slowly accumulating oxides from the anode's consumable material, if required if they are already annoying.

The battery of the present invention exhibits many advantages over known batteries. The battery cells are easy to assemble and the battery can remain empty until no power is needed. If necessary, cells can be rapidly activated by injecting electrolyte into the space between the consumable and the cathodes and simultaneously feeding the porous cathodes with oxygen-containing gas. By pouring the electrolyte and starting the gas stream, the reactions described within the battery are started. If there is no need to draw electricity from the battery, its operation is simply terminated by stopping the gas flow and drawing the electrolyte from the empty cell.

We will do the same if you need to replace your consumable.

It is a common feature of the described embodiments that the consumable anode is mounted under non-permeable metal supports in the given conditions, and the consumable metal consumables can be individually mounted (1, 2, 3, 4, 8). . and Fig. 9) or with their support (Figs. 5, 6, 10 and 11 and, if necessary, in the solution shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9). ) can be pulled out of the battery tank.

Correspondingly, consumables can be quickly removed and replaced with new or reconditioned anodes, without any contact with the dock between moving and re-insertion. Moving and replacing the anodes is therefore not a dangerous operation for the cathode.

The exemplary embodiments described above represent only one of the preferred embodiments of the inventive concept, and the battery with replaceable consumable anodes according to the invention is by no means limited thereto, but can be constructed in many other embodiments which also implement the inventive concept.

Claims (25)

Patent claims 1. Battery with interchangeable consumable anode which contains electrolyte, 30 spatially spaced cathodes and metallic consumable anodes of electrolyte consumable material having a receptacle of inert material, cathodes and consumable receptacles having external load-connected end points, wherein the consumable anodes in the container are removable, cathode (4) is formed of a porous gas permeable material and is arranged on a box-shaped cathode element (1) with a depolarizing gas inlet (7) and an outlet (8), each having a cathode Opposite 4Q (4), a plurality of consumable anodes (5) extending from the reservoir (10) are disposed, while between the lower level of the container (10) and the lower level of the cathodes (4) and the lower level of the consuming anodes (5) a cavity (4) as well as a consumable anode (5) having a lower space (16) for collecting nut material. Embodiment according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathodes (4) form one wall of the box-like cathode elements (1), while the side of the box-like cathode elements (1) facing the cathode (4) is solid. The material 50 (5), which is preferably flat, is removably and removably gripped thereon. Embodiment according to claim 1, characterized in that a cathode (4) is provided on the two opposite walls of the box-like cathode element (1), while the The consumable anodes (5) are formed on a support plate (36) made of metal resistant to the electrolyte and guided in and out of the container (10). An embodiment of the battery of claim 2, wherein 60, characterized in that, on the solid wall of the box-like cathode element (1), the consumable anode (5) is guided by an electrically conductive clamp. 5. An embodiment of a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the container (10) a -8184 812 is adapted for unidirectional guiding of box-like cartridge elements (1). An embodiment of a battery according to claim 3, characterized in that the support plate (36) is guided in one direction in the container (10). ₅ 7. An embodiment of a battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cathode (4) comprises a layer of color-tipped metal particles. > The battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the box-like cathode element (4) is formed as a bipolar θ element having hollow cathode fingers (68) projecting and supported inside its front face (64a). the interior of the bipolar member is in communication with the interior space (63) of the bipolar element and is facing a solid wall opposite the front panel (64a) on which the consumables (j) (69) are guided in one direction. An embodiment of a battery according to claim 8, characterized in that the consumable anodes (69) are arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the solid wall. 10. A battery with an interchangeable consumable anode having electrode, spaced apart cathodes and metallic consumable electrodes made of electrolyte consumable material having a receptacle having a neutral material, and having end points connected to external loads connected to the Icodes and consumables, interchangeable, characterized in that in the reservoir (4) left-hollow box-like cathode members 33 (31) guided in grooves (41) between one cathodic closure and an anode closure connected to the other end, arranged in a holding plate made of electrolyte-resistant material (36) comprising disposed consumables (35), wherein the cathodic closure element and the box-like discharge element (31) are provided with d & polarizing gas conveying inlet (46) and outlet (47) and are provided on their surfaces facing the consumable 35 (35). airtight porous and gas depolarizable pads (34) are provided. An embodiment of a battery according to claim 10, characterized in that the outlet 40 (47) of the box-shaped cathode member (31) has a throttle valve (53) for controlling the gas pressure inside the box-like cathode member (.31). An embodiment of a battery according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the box-like cathode elements (31) are made of metal which is electrolyte-resistant, while the cathodes (32, 34) are formed of color metal valves, and containing a catalyst. 13. The battery of claim 12, wherein the side of the cage (32, 34) facing the interior of the box-like cathode member (31) is impregnated with a lipophobic, e.g., hydrophobic, plastic. 14. An embodiment of a battery according to claim 10 or 17, wherein the box-shaped cathode elements (31) are made of nickel, while the color spaces of the cathodes (32, 34) are made of valve metal or nickel, the calipers 55 (32, 34). ) are activated by catalytic oxide and the material of the consumable anodes (35) is a metal with higher elec- tricity than oxygen. 15. Battery-replaceable battery anode having a neutral receptacle for electrolyte, spatially spaced cathodes 60 and metallic consumables made of electrolyte-consuming material, and having end-points connected to external load, connected to the cathodes and consumables, wherein - 65 scared! characterized in that the container (40) comprises box-like cathode elements (31), the cathodes (32, 34) are sintered from porous, gas-permeable and dsparizable material and are arranged on opposite sides of the box-like cathode elements (31), between the cathodes (32, 34) and the cathode (32, 34) and the cathode (32, 34), the electrolyte flow unit is provided in the space between the cathodes (32, 34) and the anode (35) provided, the box-like cathode elements (31) are provided with an inlet (46) and an outlet (47) for transferring depolarizing gas, and the cathodes (32, 34) are connected to each other and to an external load via one of the box-shaped cathode cells. the consumable anodes (35) are preferably connected to each other and to the other end point to be connected to the external load through their holding plates (36) cleanly connected. An embodiment of a battery according to claim 15, characterized in that the support plates (36) are slidably guided in grooves (11) formed in the wall of the container (40). 17. The 15th or horse. The battery of claim 1, wherein the cathodes (34) comprise a catalyst-impregnated layer of metal particles sintered. 18. The battery of claim 17, wherein said cathodes are formed of sintered metal particles and a layer of lipophobic plastic, preferably polypropylene, polytofluoroethylene or vinyl derivative, on the inner surface of said colored metal particles, wherein said plastic arranged on the inner surface of the cathode (34). 19. A battery with a removable end anode having an inert material receptacle for receiving electrolyte, spaced cathodes and metallic consumables made of electrolyte consumable material, and having end points connected to an external load connected to the cathodes and consumables; characterized in that the container (40) comprises hollow box-shaped cathode elements (31) made of corrosion-resistant metal on which gas-permeable cathodes (34) are arranged, the container (40) being formed of electrically insulating material, with spacers disposed removably from the container (40); The consumable anodes (35) are spaced apart from one another, while the consumable anodes (35) are formed on the support plate (36) and can be reconstructed together with the support plate in the container (40). The battery of claim 19, wherein the cathodic closure member and the closure consumable are alternately disposed between the cathode closure member and the closure consumable, wherein the cathode closure member and the closure consumable are at an appropriate end point. and the reservoir (40) is provided with means for maintaining the circulation of depolarizing gas in the cathodic closure and the box-like cathode elements (31). A gas depolarizable electrochemical cell having an insulating material container, at least two cell units formed in the container and an electrolytic chamber bordered by the cell unit and 3 cell units, characterized by consumable anodes and cathodes characterized in that the cell units (60A, 60B, 60E) 184 are formed with 81 hollow support members (72), wherein the support members (72) are provided with depolarizing gas transfer inlet (62) and outlet (63), the cathodes attached to the support members (72), internally formed as hollow cathode fingers (68) disposed extending into the electrolyte chamber and having a surface of controlled porosity material, separated from the cathode fingers (68) by two support elements (72) arranged in such a manner that on one of the brackets (72) in an insulating guide member (70) and on the other bracket (72) in an electrically conductive spring member (71, 71a) electrically connected to the wear member (69). 22. The electrochemical cell of claim 21, wherein the electrode chamber is sealed at one end by an anode and by a cathodic semiconductor at the other end, which are connected to a positive and negative end point connected to an external load. 23. The electrochemical cell of claim 21, wherein the support elements (72) At its inlet 5 (62) and outlet (65), pressure valves (66, 66a) are arranged inside the support elements (72). A bipolar element, in particular according to claim 1; to form a battery with a consumable and a cathode The IQ is characterized in that it has a metal hollow box body having a cathode (4) made of porous oxygen on one side and a consumable anode (5) movably movable on the other. arranged and provided with an inlet (7) and an outlet (g) for circulating oxygen-containing gas. 25. An embodiment of the bipolar element according to claim 24, characterized in that the material of the consumable anode (5) is solid or porous zinc, iron, cadmium, or metalloids thereof or alloys thereof. 11 pieces of figure Published by the National Office of the Taliban. Zoltán Himer Head of Department Published by: Technical Publisher CO? YLUX Printing and Duplication Small Cooperative