HU177440B - Process for the ensilage of feed starting materilas - Google Patents

Description

Procedure for silageing feed material

The present invention relates to a process for silageing a feed material. It is known that feed materials such as green plants or parts thereof can be preserved by acidification. This process is known as common silage. It has also been known for a long time that acidification is carried out by mixing a feed material with a suitable acid. Another class of processes that can be used are the fermentation processes, which are characterized by the fact that the feed is fermented by the presence of bacteria and mainly lactic acid is produced. The feed material thus preserved, such as green feed, can be used to feed pets after such treatment.

Of the two different methods mentioned above, the fermentation process 15 often consists of loading the collected feed, most often green plant material, such as sugar beet leaf, alfalfa, grass, corn stalk, into a silo, whereby, among other things, lactic acid formed. However, in the case of spontaneous self-administration, virtually all other undesirable by-products, such as iron ore, are also produced. These unwanted by-products reduce the quality of the feed. In practice, this means a decrease in the protein value of the feed.

Complex adverse quality changes, of course, result in significant financial losses, for example in livestock farming, and result in reduced milk production. 30

Therefore, the self-killing process is uncertain and often leads to rotting of the feed.

The most common acidification! According to this method, the feed is mixed with an appropriate acid. Acidification preservation can thus be carried out, for example, with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, more recently with organic acids such as formic acid or propionic acid, or a mixture thereof, according to the recent modem process. The acid value of the feed so treated is usually so low that the so-called glutinous bacteria cannot reproduce. Another effect is that the nutritional value of the feed is largely maintained at the same time as the canning results. In this case too, the acidification is usually done in a silo, where the feed can then be stored. In most cases, the acidified feed is usually neutralized before use, for example with lime milk. The main disadvantage of this latter process is that, depending on the acid used, non-nutritious material has to be added to the feed at high cost. In addition, the use of caustic acids has many disadvantages and dangers, which of course have special consequences. In order to avoid the disadvantages of uncontrolled onset and at the same time the risk of decay, attempts have been made in the past to mix feed for preservation with various bacterial materials. According to a known method, for example described in Swedish Patent No. 121,530, the active substance contains the following bacterial species: B. cucumeris fermentati, B. brassicae,

B. acetylcholine and Streptobacterium plantarum. (This nomenclature no longer meets today's requirements.) According to another method disclosed, inter alia, in Swedish Patent No. 225,423, L. acidophilus can be used for the preservation of fodder. U.S. Patent No. 1,245,271 discloses the following bacterial species for use in the preservation of feed: S. lactis,

S. faecalis, S. kiguefaciens, Pediococcus cerevisiae, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. plantarum, L. casei, L. brevis and L. buchnerii.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive, well-controlled fermentation silage process that allows to suppress unwanted growth and associated rotting processes and to provide a good, in a short time, good preservative effect.

According to the present invention, the object is achieved by admixing at least 15,000 Streptococcus faecium Orla-Jensen, 1919 bacteria per gram of feed material to be silenced, optionally with the nutrient (s) necessary for bacterial growth. and then the silage is continued at a temperature of at least + 10 ° C until the lactic acid content of the silo is at least 1%.

In particular, according to the present invention, the preservative effect of a so-called "guided" lactic fermentation can be achieved in the following manner. The material to be preserved is suitably mixed with an aqueous solution of a bacterial preparation at the same time as it is stored in a silo or similar container, according to the bacterial species Streptococcus faecium, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th Edition, page 501, S. faecium ), and the final S. faecium bacterial count in the compound feed is about 15,000 to 200,000 grams. The feed material so treated may be stored as in the following example, during which the preservative lactic acid is formed. When producing lactic acid at the factory, it is usually different in the production of pure lactic acid and in the preparation of different fermented foods (sour cream, kefir, yogurt, cheese, etc.). Lactobacfllus varieties are used as a lubricant. In such cases, pure Lactobacillus or Streptococcus species or mixtures thereof are generally used. These bacteria belong to the so-called lactic acid group (The Lactic Group). According to the present invention, the aforementioned Streptococcus faecium belonging to the lactic acid group can be used for the production of lactic acid in the conservation of feed materials.

The above-mentioned Bergey's Manual contains Streptococcus faecium as a standalone species. S. faecium from the nearest other species, s. It differs from Faecal by 16 points in the 29 features compared.

The eq-loss conservation! Theoretical principle of the procedure is as follows. Lactic acid, which is formed by the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the material, prevents the spread of so-called harmful decomposing bacteria, which are generally unable to proliferate in a low pH environment caused by lactic acid. The main procedural requirement is that the production of lactic acid takes place so quickly that an upper limit is reached as quickly as possible. It is generally accepted that good preservation results directly from the rapid production of lactic acid. This requirement can be achieved in two different ways, either by using a fast-growing bacterial species or by producing large numbers of bacteria from commonly used species.

According to the invention, the conditions for silage are preferably maintained until the pH of the feed is reduced to at least 4.5.

The bacterial composition may be mixed in powder or solution form with the silage material.

It is known in the literature that S. faecalis is the fastest growing bacterial species of the past and patented for feed preservation, with a generation time of approximately 20 minutes. Other named species grow much more slowly, for example, L. acidophilus generation time is 66-87 minutes. It is also known that the lactic acid production of a particular bacterial species is in balance with the growth rate (generation time).

The S. faecium described in this application has a division cycle time of about 18 minutes. The salting of feed materials with a composition containing live S. faecium can be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1

A) Accompaniment

Grass silage (laboratory scale) Weighed kg grass into 2-3 cm pieces and then filled it into a 70 liter silage container. 2 µL of Lacttiferm silage adjuvant containing 250 million live Xtreptococcus faecium bacteria was dissolved in about 0.5 liters of tap water at about 30 ° C. The resulting solution was then applied layer by layer to the material to be silenced, and the container was tightly sealed and pressurized to about 100 kg / m ² . Samples were taken once a week for two months. We found that the quality of the sample did not change after 2 months.

B) Experiment

Lucerne silage (laboratory scale)

Experiment A) was run under the same conditions except that it was from lucerne.

for comparison, 0.45% formic acid solution was treated in both experiments.

The results are summarized in the following table:

Control S. faecium

grass alfalfa grass alfalfa NH ₃ / total N% 6.0 7.0 7.5 10.0 PH 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.2 Dry matter% 16.0 18.0 22.0 25.0 Acetic Acid% 1.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 Butterfly% 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 Lactic acid% 0.00 0.00 9.5 8.0 energy content MJ / s 9.5 9.3 11.4 11.5

Experimental results show that S. faecium silage is in many respects significantly more effective than formic acid treatment.

Example 2

Using the same procedure as Experiment A, the following results were obtained:

Control S. faecium pH 4.3 3.9 NH ₃ / total N% 5.2 7.9 Digestible protein% Usable energy 12.7 13.0 MJ / s 9.3 11.5 The result of the experiment shows that S.

faecium has a better feed value, while digestible protein and energy utilization are higher than that of the con troll.

Example 3

Sugar beet leaf silage (large scale)

a) 806 tons of sugar beet leaves were mixed with 490 g of an aqueous solution of bacterial preparation. (The bacterial preparation was a concentrate containing approximately 50.10 '(50 billion) of live, lyophilized S. faecium bacteria per gram.) The initial bacterial content of the silage material after treatment was approximately 30.10 ³ (30 thousand) of live S. faecium. contains bacteria per gram.

(b) Control: 910 tonnes of untreated beet leaf. The silage material was evaluated after 3 months storage to give the following result:

Result S. faecium control pH 3,8- 4.6 lactic acid% 3.05 1.51 acetic acid% 0.63 0.64 butyric acid% 0.00 0.47 quality best use- useless

The result of the experiment shows that the silage material treated with S. faecium has a high feed value, is easy to handle and the amount of liquid squeezed is low. The experiments described above were carried out partly at the Swedish College of Agriculture, Ultuna, and at a Czech experimental station, SVS, Hustopece.

The living Streptococcus faecium. contains a number of important advantages over other known silageing materials:

1. The silageing process using Streptococcus faecium-containing material is significantly cheaper than any other silageing process, as demonstrated by:

One of the aforementioned patents, German Patent No. 1,245,271, recommends a mixture of S. lactis and L. plantarum as a silage agent. According to the description, the initial bacterial concentration is 1-5.10 ⁶ (1-5 million) per gai (2-10 million total) grams. Because the market price of different bacterial formulations is approximately the same relative to bacterial content, silage is a

Containing S. lactís - L. plantarum, a

Compared to S. faecium, it is about 20 to 100 times more expensive.

Compared to the prices of various currently used acids (formic acid and propionic acid), S. faecium feed treatment is about 20 times cheaper.

2. S. faecium is a bacterium that is commonly found in nature and is also an important component of the digestive microflora of many higher organisms (such as all domestic animals and humans). Unlike the species of Streptococcus faecalis, for example, which is recommended for silage in German Patent No. 1,245,271, the use of S. faecium is completely harmless. (Streptococcu, Skinner - Quensel, Academic Press, 1978, p. 73, and Bergey's Manual, p. 505, among others). However, the presence of the S. faecalis variety in the literature is directly related to certain cases of intoxication. It is also known that S. faecalis and variants thereof, such as S. liquefaciens (whose use is recommended by the same German patent), generally produce toxic amines. For example, tyramine is a tyrosine amino acid found in proteins. Furthermore, tyramine is also known to be toxic to humans and animals. (For example, in Bergey's Manual, page 505.)

S. faecium generally does not produce a toxic amine.

3. The generation time of the Streptococcus faechim is short compared to other varieties recommended in various patents. As a result, lactic acid production is rapid, which is a prerequisite for good silage performance. This is the only way to prevent the growth of putrefactive bacteria. Similar good silage results with other strains of bacteria with a longer generation time can only be achieved with a large amount of bacteria, which makes the process very expensive.

4. The use of Streptococcus faecium containing silage material is completely harmless to humans and animals.

5. Streptococcus faecium is homofermentative and produces only lactic acid.

Claims (3)

1. A method of silageing a feed material by crushing the feed material, a silageing aid containing lactic acid-producing bacteria? characterized by mixing at least 15,000 Streptococcus faecium Orla-Jensen, 1919 bacteria per gram of feed material to be silicated, optionally with 1 to 5% by weight of the raw material. % of fermentable carbohydrates needed for bacterial growth, followed by The silage is continued at a temperature of at least + 10 ° C until the lactic acid content of the silo is at least 1%. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the silage is silage The conditions are maintained until the pH of the feed is at least 4.5. 3. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the bacterial composition is in powder or solution form. It is mixed in 15 forms into the material for silage.