HRPK20190829B3 - Power and motion transmitters for big speed ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

It is proposed to patent a power and motion transmitter for large gear ratios that is capable of reducing or multiplying the rotational speed of the input shaft at will at high, with high power / energy efficiency. The transmission consists of two planetary gears with three rotating shafts each, two shafts of which are interconnected by two classic gears, while the third shaft of one planetary gear, as the only input shaft of the entire proposed transmission, is connected to the drive the third shaft of the second planetary gear, as the sole output shaft of the entire proposed gear, connected to the driven machine or some propulsion member. The high efficiency of the proposed gearbox stems from the fact that planetary gearboxes with three rotating shafts have a very high degree of efficiency. with high power / energy utilization. The transmitter consists of two planetary transmitters with three rotating shafts which are interconnected in twos by means of two classical geared transmitters, while the third shaft of a planetary transmitter as the only input shaft of the entire proposed transmitter is connected to the drive; the third shaft of the second planetary transmitter, as the only output shaft of the entire proposed transmitter, is connected with a driven device or some propulsion element. Planetary transmitters with three rotating shafts have a very high efficiency ratio.

Description

Title of invention

Power and motion transmitter for high transmission ratios.

Technical field

Power and motion transmitters; Gear transmissions.

Technical problem

For transmissions with constant transmission ratios (ratio of rotation speeds of the input and output shafts) up to i=15, it is customary to use classic gear transmissions: single-stage from i= 1.0 to a maximum of 6 to 10, two-stage for i= 7 to 12 and three-stage for i = 10 to 16. For smaller transmission ratios (up to i-5), belt transmissions or chain transmissions can also be used. This all applies to transmissions with axle ratio reduction - reducers. In transmissions with reduction of the transmission ratio - multipliers, this division remains the same if instead of i, it is calculated with 1/i.

For transmissions with transmission ratios i>15, it is common to use planetary transmissions with a locked single member. However, with an increase in the transmission ratio, the power/energy utilization of the transmission decreases significantly. Because of this, there is a need for transmissions with a high transmission ratio and high utilization.

State of the art

Since the problem was noticed at the beginning of the 20th century until today, this problem has been tried to be solved by various planetary modifications. portable. These include:

- reduced assembled planetary transmissions, where the guides of two ordinary/single-stage planetary transmissions are connected into one (e.g. Wolfrom or Minuteman Cover) or two central gears are connected into one

- closed planetary transmissions consisting of a differential mechanism (planetary transmission with three rotating shafts) whose two shafts are connected via a series of toothed transmissions, and the third shaft is the output or input shaft.

All these transmissions have, as desired or necessary, high transmission ratios, but still not sufficiently high utilization.

Summary of the invention

A transmission that is able to reduce (or multiply) the speed of rotation of the input shaft at will is proposed for patenting, with a high degree of utilization. It consists of two planetary transmissions (with mutually parallel shafts), connected to each other, via their shafts, with two classic gear transmissions (CGT) with two cylindrical gears each. The third shafts of the planetary gears then also rotate at mutually linearly dependent rotational speeds. Those two shafts are one input and the other output shaft of the transmission. Thus, a transmission with a constant transmission ratio equal to the ratio of the rotation speeds of these shafts was obtained - even though these two shafts are not directly connected.

Brief description of the drawing

- Figure 1 is a diagram of the basic design of the transmission.

- Figure 2 is a diagram of a reducer used to reduce the speed of rotation of the driving electric motor to the speed of rotation of the wheels of the electric vehicle.

Detailed description of the invention

The described technical problem was solved with a new transmission design consisting of two planetary transmissions, the first A and the second B, each with three rotating shafts. Figure 1: SAC, SAD and Sin for planetary gear A and SBC, SBD and Sout for planetary gear B. The shafts of planetary gear A and the shafts of planetary gear B are parallel to each other, and the shafts SAC and SBC and SAC and SBC are connected to each other by classic gears transmissions C and D, so the rotational speeds of the connected shafts of the planetary transmissions A and B are linearly dependent on each other. That is why, based on the laws of kinematics, i.e. the Willis equation, and the rotational speed of the Sin Sout shaft are also linearly dependent on each other, i.e. the transmission ratio of the entire transmission is constant and high or low as desired.

This construction is based on the construction of the mechanical part of the hybrid transmission described in the patent documentation of my patent PK20171803 DZIV, but functionally and structurally they are completely different.

The mechanical part of the structure in the mentioned patent had four external shafts: input, output and two shafts connected one to the electric motor and the other to the generator, enabling independence of the speed of rotation of the input and output shafts. In this patent application, there is only a mechanical part and that with only two shafts, input and output, whose rotation speeds are strictly dependent on each other - quite the opposite of the hybrid transmission in the mentioned patent.

The directions of the flow of mechanical energy/power in Figure 1, as well as in all other images of this patent proposal, are indicated by arrows located below individual shafts.

The high efficiency of the proposed transmission stems from the fact that planetary transmissions with three rotating shafts cannot have a lower efficiency than the internal one, which is equal to the efficiency of one (most often) or two gear pairs, so about 0.99 or about 0.98. Since all the power of the drive machine passes through two planetary gears and one classic gear, the overall efficiency of the proposed gear should range from 0.95 to 0.97.

In order for the proposed gearbox to function properly, it is necessary, based on predetermined shaft rotation speed ratios of planetary gearboxes A and B, to determine the correct, for certain values of the shaft speed ratio of the two planetary gearboxes - the only possible values of their internal transmission ratios. In addition, it is necessary to satisfy all the rules for constructing planetary »transmitters.

Industrial applicability

The transmission proposed for patenting is applicable in any machine or device where it is necessary to significantly reduce or increase the speed of rotation of a shaft. The transmission ratio can be arbitrary, but based on it, it is necessary to determine the necessary transmission ratios between the two remaining shafts of the planetary gears and the internal transmission ratios of both planetary gears.

A transmitter for a particular application must follow the rules of the profession. This means that for a specific arrangement of planetary gear shafts and specific energy/power flows, in order to realize a feasible gear, the directions of rotation speeds, gear ratios of classic and planetary gears, and values of internal gear ratios must be harmonized.

Example

Portable for an electric vehicle with four-wheel drive

Regardless of whether the electric vehicle is driven with one electric motor for two driving wheels, with two electric motors for four wheels or with four electric motors for four wheels, the problem is approximately the same: the electric motor should have as high a rotation speed as possible in order to have as much traction as possible for the same required traction power. lower torque and thus smaller dimensions, i.e. smaller space required. Since advanced electric motors for electric vehicles have a maximum rotation speed of over 30,000 rpm, and for this speed, the rotation speed of the half-shaft of the wheel is about 2,000 rpm, the required gear ratio is, for example, 40,000/2,000 = 20. Such a gear ratio is impossible and unsuitable to achieve with a classic transmission, and a planetary transmission would have a very low level of utilization.

Figure 2 shows a transmission of power and motion for large transmission ratios applied to reduce the speed of rotation from an electric motor EM to one wheel K of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

List of tags

1 - spur gear 1

2 - spur gear 2

3 - spur gear 3

4 - spur gear 4

1A - central gear of planetary gear A

1B - central gear of planetary gear B

2A - satellite 2 of planetary carrier A

2A' - satellite 2' of planetary transmitter A

2B - satellite 2 of planetary transmitter B

2B'- satellite 2' of planetary transmitter B

3A - satellite 3 of planetary transmitter A

3B - satellite 3 of planetary transmitter B

A - planetary gear A

B - planetary transmission B

C - classic portable C

D - classic transmission D

EM - electric motor

K - vehicle wheel

SAC - shaft connecting A and C

US - shaft connecting A and D

SBC - shaft connecting B and C

SBD - shaft connecting B and D

Son - transmission input shaft

Sout - transmission output shaft.

Claims (1)

1. Power and motion transmission for high transmission ratios characterized by having two planetary transmissions, first (A) and second (B), with three rotating shafts each, and two classic gear transmissions, first (C) and second (D) which connect two shafts of said planetary transmissions (A) and (B) in such a way that - the first inner shaft (SAC) connects the said first planetary gear (A) and the said first classic gear gear (C), i.e. its gear (2); -- the second internal shaft (SBC) connects the said second planetary gear (B) and the said first classic gear gear (C), i.e. its gear (1); - the third inner, hollow shaft (SAD) connects said first planetary gear (A) and the second classic gear gear (D), i.e. its gear (4); - the fourth inner, hollow shaft (SBD) connects the said second planetary gear (B) and the said second classical gear gear (D), i.e. its gear (3); while the third shaft (Sin) of the planetary transmission (A) is also the external input of the proposed power and motion transmission for large transmission ratios, which connects the planetary transmission (A) to the drive machine, and the third shaft (Sout) of the planetary transmission (B) is also and the output shaft of the proposed transmission of power and motion for high transmission ratios, which connects the planetary transmission (B) to the driven machine or propulsion member, the shafts of said first planetary transmission (A) having a common axis, parallel to the shafts of said second planetary transmission (B) which also have a common axis.