HRP950481A2 - Methods and structures for connecting circuits and circuit elements processing electrical signals having fast transition times - Google Patents

Description

The invention is actually a method that includes a structure and other structures to reduce physical and electrical distances between adjacent electronic elements for processing very fast electrical signals whose transmission times are below one nanosecond.

Namely, when several signal lines with similar characteristic impedances are connected in a common point, and a signal with fast transmission times is introduced through one of the mentioned lines, the structure of the proposed invention (hereinafter: the invention) significantly reduces unwanted reflections of the mentioned signal in the mentioned common point for balancing. The invention includes both a connector structure and a new arrangement for a greater number of said connector structures in order to reduce the physical and electrical distances between adjacent printed circuit boards (hereinafter referred to as "PC") that make up integrated circuit chips (hereinafter referred to as "IC"), Furthermore, it includes a connector for connecting flexible ribbon connecting cables between these plates, as well as for a new arrangement of a larger number of connectors in order to increase the processing speed of the mentioned electrical signals lasting less than one nanosecond.

The field of technology

With modern electronic systems such as computers and other data processing devices, processing speed (reciprocal value of time for addition, subtraction, division, etc., of two numbers) is of great importance. The processing speed is inversely proportional to the transfer time, i.e. the time required for the electronic element to switch from the "ON" state to the "OFF" state and vice versa. Although transmission times have been reduced to below one nanosecond as a result of possible increases in processing speeds, the speed of propagation of electronic signals through conductors is limited by the speed of light. Therefore, in terms of the time required for the signal to travel from one point of the circuit to another, the physical distances between circuit elements become of utmost importance. Cutting that distance in half really does, in certain circumstances, have the effect of almost doubling the processing speed of the system.

Therefore, processing speeds in high-tech electronic systems can be limited simply by physical distances such as the distances between:

1. individual passive and active elements, eg capacitors, coils, resistors, semiconductors, etc.;

2. separate functional groups of assembly elements on PC boards; and

3. separate individual PC tiles.

The first of these distances is reduced by reducing the dimensions and the need for power supply of individual circuit elements and by piling up thousands of these microscopically sized elements on one IC chip. This solution has become so established in the profession that there is no need to cite examples.

The second of these distances is reduced by installing a large number of IC chips on one PC board, which is done so that the physical distance between the corresponding chips is as small as possible, which achieves the highest possible processing speed - that is, the smallest possible processing time - for the chip association in question. Again, since modern electronic equipment includes this structure which has become established in the profession, examples need not be given here.

The reduction of the third of these distances is the main feature of the novelty of the invention.

Existing solutions to this third problem reduce processing time by compacting the individual PC wafers as closely as possible and regularly use sophisticated cooling methods to compensate for the heat gain that occurs due to the closer physical arrangement of heat-generating elements. Typical existing solutions are the following cited expressions (hereinafter: citations) which are all US patents and which all fall under one or more of the following structures:

1. 'star' or 'asterisk' connection;

2. structures of female connectors

3. mutual connection of flat cables; and

4. ray arrangement of PC tiles.

1. QUOTATIONS RELATING TO MERGER STRUCTURE:

Coe 4,679,872, FIGS. 2 and 10 clarify the 'star' or 'asterisk' compound which is slightly similar to the present invention. However, the supply conductors in Coe are self-supporting relatively massive structures and therefore have large amounts of wasted reactance, which results in the inevitable distortion of the electrical signals transmitted through them, while the invention enables the reduction of dimensions and the corresponding reactive amounts by an order of magnitude, which increases the speed of processing basic device. (Coe '872 can also be applied to the beam arrangement of PC tiles, below.)

All four Takashima patents (5,060,111; 5,091,822; 5,210,060 and 5,301,089) disclose a beam joint system that is slightly similar to the configuration of the invention. However, the invention allows a significant reduction of the order of magnitude for the dimensions of the supply conductors compared to Takashima, allows access to the common bus in the middle of the structure, and allows a significant reduction in structural compactness.

Takashima 5,301,089 discloses a beam connection system which is a PC configuration in which there is a beam bus assembly with a coordinate switch to distribute signals to various PC boards. The coordinate switch of this quote cannot be considered analogous to the 'asterisk' invention connection. (Takashima '089 also refers to the PC tile layout, below.)

2. QUOTES RELATING TO FEMALE CONNECTORS:

Heuer 2,971,179 clarifies a female connector for accepting PC boards or flexible flat cables. The structure of the invention can be discerned.

Jerominek 3,737,833 clarifies a female connector used with flexible flat cables. The structure of the invention can be discerned.

Roberts et al 4,740,867 discloses a female connector for connecting a flexible flat ribbon cable to a PC board. The structure of the invention can be discerned.

Weidler 4,995,814 discloses a female intermediate connector for interconnecting two sharp-edged elements such as PC boards, flat cables, or a combination thereof. The structure of the invention can be discerned. (Weidler '814 also refers to interconnecting ribbon cables, below.)

Dambach et al 5,194,010, FIG 3 discloses a female connector for interconnecting flat cables, boards, etc. The structure of the invention can be discerned. (Dambach et al '010 also refers to interconnecting flat cables, below.)

Frankeny et al 5,205,740 discloses an intermediate connector for interconnecting PC boards and flat ribbon cables. He has nothing to do with the invention.

Matschke et al 5,276,817 discloses an intermediate connector for interconnecting PC boards and flat cables. The accompanying Fig. 2 is the only part of what is presented here that has only a slight connection with the invention, and can be discerned.

3. QUOTATIONS RELATING TO INTERCONNECTION OF FLAT CABLES:

Carter 3,660,728 discloses a conductor interconnection system for flat cables. The connection with the invention is only slight and can be discerned.

Weidler 4,995,814 discloses an intermediate connector for two component parts of a circuit with sharp edges such as boards, ribbon cables or a combination thereof, and can be discerned from the invention. (He may have a connection to the female connectors, above.).

Dambach et al 5,194,010, FIG. 3 shows a connector for interconnecting flat cables, boards, etc. Dambach et al is recognizable from the invention. (He may have a connection to the female connectors, above.)

Sobhani 5,213,511 has only a slight connection with the invention, which is recognizable from the same.

4. QUOTES RELATING TO PLACEMENT OF PC BOARDS:

Coe 4,679,872 clarifies the placement of PC boards around a beam bus assembly. One of the specific objectives of Coe is to reduce the dissipation capacity and inductance of high-speed circuits by reducing the length of interconnecting conductors (Column 1, lines 41-58; column 7, lines 6-15). However, the invention is recognizable.

Takashima 5,301,089 explains the arrangement of PC boards around a beam bus assembly with a coordinate switch that distributes signals to the various PC boards. The coordinate switch is not some equivalent of the structure of the invention.

Brief description of the invention

The invention includes a structure for obtaining reduced reflections from each signal line, of which there are a greater number, at a common point, wherein the signal lines have similar characteristic impedances connected to the common point. When electrical signals, meaning signals with transmission times significantly less than one nanosecond, are introduced along the signal lines to the balanced point of the lines, the reflections at the common point originating from any discontinuities in each line are greatly reduced, so they do not affect the original signal. For example, when N signal lines are connected to a common point, and radiate from it radially symmetrically, and one line is connected to a source of electrical signals of magnitude A amperes feeding N-l lines, reflections at the common point originating from any of the N-1 lines will not exceed the amount of [image] .

It is preferable for the lines to be radially symmetrical away from the common point in a planar or star manner, although they can also be radially divergent like a dandelion.

If an asterisk arrangement is used, it is possible to connect the line from the signal source to a common point at right angles to the plane, which guarantees that the leakage reactances from the balance point of the lines are uniformly distributed.

This characteristic of the invention improves processing speeds up to a twenty-fold value by reducing the length of the signal path from one PC board to another, equalizing the path lengths, enabling access to the common bus at other points of the PC board besides the input, minimizing the load effect of the interfaces connected to the signal paths, and a significant reduction in structural compression.

Another feature of the invention is a female electrical connector for accepting a thin flat connector such as the edge of a PC board or the termination of a flat flexible ribbon cable. The female connector consists of two halves, one of which is a mirror image of the other. Each half comprises two parallel longitudinal components, each of which has a base and a top end. Each base has a thumb segment projecting outwardly from the longitudinal block, the thumb segments of the two halves being joined together to form a connector. The top ends are made to form a top component that extends transversely to the top ends of the longitudinal structures and to the thumb segment, and the bases are made to form a foot component that also expands transversely to them and to the thumb segment, and parallel to the top component . The top component, like a console, forms an elastic arch that expands towards the base component completely parallel to the longitudinal block; that arc has a raised surface and a recessed surface and an electrical conductor connected to the raised surface as described below. Since the thumb segments of the two halves are attached to each other, the protruding surfaces of the arcs face and curve toward each other, so a PC board or flat flexible ribbon cable termination inserted between those arcs will pull the cantilevers apart, tensioning them and causing the flat connector between them to jam. The opposite surfaces of the elastic arcs can have metal coatings applied, which form electrical connectors that conductively match the electrical surfaces on the PC boards, etc. The thumb segments serve as a brake for the inserted PC board.

A multi-conductor connector, which accepts a PC plate or multi-conductor flat flexible cable or the like, is formed when the top and bottom components are transversely expanded with a plurality of longitudinal components being made in between, and between each pair of longitudinal components of parts spread over the console.

The third characteristic of the invention is a structure for the distribution of electrical signals with a short rise time (that is the time before the establishment of a steady state of the signal), which includes those with short transmission times that are significantly below one nanosecond. The structure comprises a plurality of flat flexible circuit cables with a plurality of metal conductors threaded through at least two surfaces. The surfaces are separated from each other by insulation. Each cable has several electrically conductive protruding conductors or connectors on them, one or more of which end in electrical connectors that serve to connect the connectors to sources of electricity, to other electrical elements, as well as to sources of electrical signals with fast transmission times, implying shorter transmission times of one nanosecond. Each protruding connector includes one or more connection points between its ends, one or more of which have openings extending between said cable surfaces. At least one opening has electrical conductors that pass through the cable and connect to one or more connection points on the other surface of the cable, or to adjacent cables. The cables are mutually fixed by header blocks on which one or more connection electrodes are attached, which are passed through the openings and which form an electrical connection path between two or more connection points on two or more cables.

Another feature of the invention is a new way of arranging the PC tiles so that the distance between them is minimal - i.e. maximum compression - and more effective cooling, as well as a new way of joining them together to obtain maximum processing speeds of the entire operation. This achieves minimal distortion by including 'stretching' of electrical signals, which is caused by the effect of connecting additional circuits to the signal lines between them.

Brief description of the drawing

FIG. 1 shows a typical existing method of the prior art solution for arranging a number of PC tiles.

FIG. 2A shows the 'star' or 'astrerisk' structure, the primary structure of the invention,

FIG. 2B shows an alternative structure of the invention - the 'dandelion'.

FIG. 3A-C show the characteristic structure of the female connector of the invention:

- FIG. 3A shows the structure of one half of the female connector of the invention, as the other half is a mirror image;

- FIG. 3B1-3B3 show the structure and operation of the female connector of the invention:

- FIG. 3BI shows one half of a female connector;

- FIG. 3BII shows the mirror image of 3BI;

- FIG. 3BIII shows both halves of an assembled female connector with a flat connector inserted in between; and

- FIG. 3C shows the structure of the female connector when a flat flexible ribbon cable foot is attached to it.

Figures 4A-D show the structure of a plurality of multiple female connectors for receiving a plurality of PC boards to be connected according to the instructions of the invention:

- FIG. 4A shows the structure exploded in a plane when connecting a plurality of legs of a flat flexible ribbon cable to a multi-conductor female connector;

- FIG. 4B shows a pair of connector blocks for bundling a plurality of ribbon cables exploded in a plane, each connecting a pair of multi-conductor female connectors of FIG. 4A;

- FIG. 4C shows a plurality of multi-conductor female connectors as shown in FIG. 4A being butted together according to FIG. 4B;

- FIG. 4D shows how the PC tiles with edge connection points are inserted into the structure of FIG. 4C.

FIG. 5A and 5B show the structure of a number of female multi-conductor connectors arranged circularly or cylindrically with INPUT/OUTPUT connectors attached:

- FIG. 5A shows the structure of a plurality of flexible ribbon cables with multi-conductor female connectors at the ends which are butted and interconnected by a pair of INPUT/OUTPUT connectors; and

- FIG. 5B shows a structure of an INPUT/OUTPUT structural assembly that contains a plurality of multi-conductor female connectors each having a PC board inserted thereon, and they are butted together by a pair of INPUT/OUTPUT connectors.

FIG. 6 shows a set of PC chips inserted into the INPUT/OUTPUT structural assembly as shown in FIG. 5B.

Detailed description of the invention

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a typical structure of an earlier version for arranging and connecting a number of PC boards. The main board or 'mother board' contains circuits that manage the interaction between and the operation of separate dependent boards called 'daughter boards' (for obvious reasons). The daughter boards communicate with the mother board through the rows of multi-conductor sockets shown, where one row is used for signal input and the other for signal output from the daughter boards. The wiring between the various sockets - and the control circuits of the motherboard - are printed on one or more surfaces (sometimes internal) of the motherboard.

From FIG. 1 shows that some signals may travel from the output elements of the closest daughter board to the input elements of the farthest one. The physical distance of these elements on the structure in question can be almost 8 in. (20 cm) with perhaps an additional 0.6 in (1.5 cm) at each end of the signal line to connect the connectors to the PC boards, giving a worst case signal path of 9 in (23 cm). However, in a typical system, a signal must be sent, received and processed at the remote circuit, returned, retrieved and processed at its origin, so that the initiating circuit will 'know' whether further processing of the signal is required in a particular operating mode or can be crossed. into consecutive modes.

Signals in existing electronic systems with 5.0 epoxy glass PC wafers travel at speeds slightly less than half the speed of light - about 5.3 in (13.5 cm) in one billionth of a second, or one nanosecond (nsec) - so time will required for the journey from the nearest to the farthest tile is about 1.7 nsec each time. The electrical characteristics of the PC boards (in this case 12 of them) connected between the source and the destination of the signal load or 'clutter' it, causing its transmission times (rise time and fall time) to be 'stretched'. This increases the delay at the end of the signal line by perhaps a further 0.5 nsec each time as the receiving circuitry waits for the signal to switch to the 'ON' state from the 'OFF' state and vice versa.

'Rise time' and 'fall time' are the times required for an electrical signal to switch between minimum and maximum voltage levels and vice versa. The spring delay time is thus every time 2.2 nsec or 4.4 nsec in total with the resulting theoretical maximum processing speed of 227 Mhz (megahertz or million oscillations per second) if even the impossibility of zero time is allowed for the processing delay times at the receiving ends of the signal path .

It can therefore be seen that the distance between the PC wafers imposes severe limitations on the processing time in the system, especially because semiconductor devices operating at much higher processing speeds than those mentioned here can be obtained on the market.

The invention enables an executive improvement of up to twenty times the value of the processing time, by reducing the length of the signal path from one PC board to the other and by equalizing them, by minimizing the effects of the load on the interfaces that are connected to the signal paths, and by reducing the structural compactness.

A new method of making electrical connections in electrical circuits for high processing speeds has been discovered. This is useful when you need to connect several parallel lines with approximately equal controlled impedance values so that any one of these lines can be used as a signal input - the 'SEND' line - which feeds the remaining lines - the 'RECEIVE' lines. This new method of connection creates little or practically negligible distortion of the electrical signal at the receiving ends of the lines and actually gives better results since the number of paths for receiving signals is greater (which is the reverse effect of the existing ways of connecting the distribution sets of the board-mother board and the board-daughter board shown in FIG. 1).

The basic invention is shown in FIG. 2, which is a structural method of electrical connection for use in electrical circuits, especially digital circuits for high-speed processing of electrical signals with very short transmission times, i.e. less than one nanosecond. The structure works with slower signals, but is especially effective with very fast signals.

Those skilled in the art are well aware that when the transmission times of signals processed by electronic circuits are reduced, then the distortion of those signals increases, due to any number of reasons such as mismatched impedances and mismatched terminal terminations, etc. Invention 10 alleviates this problem in certain situations.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the invention 10 is a structure for connecting N signal lines 14A. . . 14N of approximately equal characteristic impedances. At the common point 12, this structure will greatly reduce reflections from the terminating impedances 16A. . . 16N at the far ends 18A. . . 18N lines 14A. . . 14N, when a current signal of magnitude A of very short transmission times is introduced through one of the mentioned lines 14A to the equilibrium point of the mentioned lines 14B. . . 14N.

Since the invention 10 contains N lines 14A. . . 14N of approximately equal characteristic impedances, current signal on one of the lines 14A. . . 14N will be equally distributed among all leads. Any mismatched impedance encountered by either signal propagating along the lines will cause the reflection to travel back to common point 12. However, since the signal causing the reflection is only 1/N of the original signal and since the ends of all the lines are 14A . . . 14N impedance matched, the reflection that will appear at the common point 12 will be small and in the digital circuit insufficient for any significant distortion.

The preferred structure of the connection 10 is by nominally planar symmetrically distributed lines 14A. . . 14N around common point 12 in the form of 'star' or 'asterisk'. One of the lines 14A can be used as an input in this arrangement, or it can axially enter the common point 12, at right angles to the plane of the lines 14B. . . 14N, which guarantees uniform capacitances and inductances for each line 14B. . . 14N, and the delay would only be due to spring time delay for half of the network.

With the construction according to FIG. 2A and the above description, it was realized that on each of the mentioned signal lines 14B. . . appear relatively undistorted signals, if the electrical signal of a small transmission time from the 'SEND' lines 14A of approximately equal impedance is fed into the N lines with controlled impedances 14B. . . 14N which are connected in parallel at a common point 12 and arranged around planarly symmetrically. Depending on the reflected energy that the SEND 14A line can handle, this planar arrangement can work satisfactorily for up to four lines. Improved performance, i.e. with minimal energy reflected to the common point 12 and feed conductor 14A, is obtained when more parallel directions are added for receiving the signal, the only limitation being the limiting values of the power of the source S or the limited space required for the connection itself.

The structure is produced in several manufacturing processes. They can be classified from a simple soldered or welded connection of a number of central common conductors 20A. . . 20N distributed symmetrically around the common point 12, up to the finished industrial product with coaxial connectors with built-in basic structure, which includes the star or asterisk structure that is produced by the technology of integrated circuits on a microchip IC. Through theoretical consideration, experts will conclude that it is possible to realize extremely short lengths of signal supply conductors and processing speeds that are twenty times higher than those currently in use.

An alternative three-dimensional design as in FIG. 2B, such an arrangement of a large number of signal lines can include as many conductors as can be physically connected at one point, so this design is called a 'dandelion' structure due to its internal structure.

The structure can be adapted to the fiber optic technology by making suitable changes to the production processes.

FIGURES 3A-D show another embodiment of the invention, a female connector 30 for receiving a thin flat connector 32 which may be the edge of a PC board or the end of a flat flexible ribbon cable. The female connector 30 consists of two halves 34a and 34b, one of which is a mirror image of the other. Each half consists of a block of two parallel longitudinal components 36a and 36b each having a top end 38a and a base 38b. The longitudinal members 36a and 36b have respective thumb segments 40a and 40b extending outward from the base 38b. Thumb segments 40a and 40b are attached to each other forming a unitary connector as shown in FIG. 3BIII. Longitudinal components 36a and 36b are factory manufactured to have top ends 38a, top component 42 extending transversely thereto, and bases 38b of components 36a and 36b are factory manufactured to have bases 38b, base component 44 extending also extends transversely to respective component parts 36a and 36b and to respective thumb segments 40a and 40b. The top component 42 and the bottom component 44 are completely parallel.

The cantilever-like top component 42 forms an elastic arch 46 that extends towards the base component 44 quite parallel to the longitudinal components 36a and 36b. Arc 46 has a raised surface 48 and a recessed surface 50. An electrical conductor mounts on raised surface 48 as described below.

The female connector 30 consists of longitudinal components 36a and 36b, a top component 42 and a base component 44, an arc 46a which cantilever out of the top component 42 and a mirror image of that arc as shown in FIG. 3BIII. Preferably, each half is manufactured as a complete body from a tough elastic plastic material such as RYTON or XYDAJR plastics. When the thumb segments 40a and 40b are secured to each other, the projecting surfaces 48a and 48b of the interface arcs are extended toward each other as shown in FIG. BIII, so a thin connector 32 such as a PC board or the end of a flat flexible ribbon cable inserted between them will stretch the brackets 46a and 46b, tensioning them so that they then tightly clamp the flat connector 32 between them.

Opposite surfaces 48a and 48b of the respective elastic arcs 46a and 46b have on them glued or otherwise applied metal coatings that form electrical connectors that conductively fit the electrical surfaces of the thin flat connector 32 or similar. Thumb segments 40a and 40b serve as a brake to the inserted connector 32. .

A multi-conductor connector that accepts a PC board or a flat flexible multi-conductor cable or the like is formed when the top component 42 and the base component 44 are transversely stretched with a plurality of longitudinal components 36a and 36b embedded therebetween. Brackets 46a and 46b are placed between each pair of longitudinal components 36a and 36b.

FIG. 3BI, 3BII, 3BIII and 3C show how the fingers 52a and 52b of the ribbon cable are secured to the protruding surfaces 48a and 48b of the brackets 46a and 46b. Fastening is done by any method known to the profession, such as epoxy cement, which provides a permanent fastening that will withstand alternating insertions and removals.

Brackets 46a and 46b with ribbon cable feet 52a and 52b on protruding surfaces 48a and 48b create electrical contact between ribbon cable 54 on connector 52a and thin component 32. Contact with electrical conductors on other ribbon cables or boards PC is made by connector 56, as will be described in FIG. 4A-D below.

From FIG. 3C shows that the active conductor 58 is connected to the connector 52a by a jumper 60, possibly containing an electronic signal processing circuit, the Conductor 58 is balanced on the opposite surface of the cable 54 by the strip conductors 60a and 60b for grounding, in accordance with the instructions of US Patent 4,680,557 issued July 24 1987 to the petitioner.

FIG. 4A-D show the structure with the multi-conductor female connector described earlier in connection with FIG. 3A-C.

FIG. 4A shows a multi-conductor connector 56 attached to an earlier version of the microchip cable 62, the signal conductors 58a being . . . 58f balanced by power supply conductors and/or grounding conductors 60a. . . 60 f.

FIG. 4B shows, exploded in plan view, the plurality of connectors 56a. . . 56n for multiple conductors, clarifying the structure of a multi-connector socket for interconnecting a number of PC boards. Each connector 56a. . . Multi-conductor 56n is connected to the second of said connectors by flat flexible ribbon cables 64a. . . 64n, which can be cable 54 on the SL 3C or any other existing cable, eg an earlier version of the microchip cable 62 on the SL. 4A, today's known flat flexible ribbon cable or maybe some future one or a combination of them. Insulating separators 74a. . . 74n electrically separate cables 64a. . . 64n which are pressed together by pressure blocks 68 and 70 and jammed together in a suitable manner. Each of the aforementioned cables 64a. . . 64n, said insulating separators 74a. . . 74n and the header block 70 have holes 66a. . . 66n through which electrically conductive lugs 76a pass. . . 76n which are installed on the connector block 72. Lugs 76a. . . 76n are electrically connected to the conductors on the opposite surfaces of said cables 64a. . . 64n and with selected conductors on other cables according to the voltage and electrical signal requirements of the specific system. The connector block 72 must be such that it can be replaced.

Female connectors 56a. . . 56n for multiple conductors spread radially like a fan into a single cylinder, as shown, into which the PC wafers are then placed.

FIG. 4D shows tiles PC 32a. . . 32n which are inserted into the connectors 56a. . . 56n, while the PC 32n+1 board is ready to be inserted into connector 56n+1.

FIG. 5A shows in plan view another assembly method according to FIG. 4D where the pressure blocks 68 and 70 and their connector block 72 have been replaced by an INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) connector 78 and a POWER connector. Conductive lugs 82a. . . 82n of the I/O connector 78 and lugs 84a. . . 84n of the power connector 80 perform the same functions as the electrically conductive lugs 76a. . . 76n of connector block 72.

FIG. 5B shows the assembled structure of FIG. 5A where the connecting edges of the plates PC 32a. . . 32n insert into female connectors 56a. . . 56n for multiple guides.

FIG. 6 shows an assembled multi-tile system according to the instructions of the invention. The power connector 80 is at the base, and the I/O connector 78 is at the top. Tiles PC 32a. . . 32n are inserted into female connectors 56a. . . 56n for multiple guides. Multiple star or asterisk connectors 10 are attached to a large number of internal points from the top to the base of the structure. Adequate cooling is located on top of the 82, and functionally designed shields direct the air current around the temperature-sensitive components on the PC 32a boards. . . 32n to keep the internal temperature within safe limits for proper operation. Outer shields 84, which may be transparent or opaque, protect internal components.

The terms and expressions that were used in the previously mentioned detailed description are used without limitation as descriptive terms without the intention that the use of these terms and expressions exclude equivalents of the shown and described properties or their segments, because it is clear that the invention is defined and limited only by the following requirements .

Claims (15)

1. A structure for obtaining reduced reflections at a common point from one of several signal lines. These lines have similar characteristic impedances that are connected at the mentioned common point. Along one of the mentioned lines, an electrical signal is introduced, implying a signal with a transmission time significantly less than one nanosecond, to the equilibrium point of the mentioned lines. The mentioned structure indicated that: a. there are N signal lines connected at a common point that radiate from it; b. one of the mentioned conductors: 1. is connected to a source of electrical signals of size A amperes; 2. supplies N-1 of the mentioned lines. 2. A structure for interconnecting a number of signal lines of similar characteristic impedance at the mentioned common point. This structure reduces the reflections in the mentioned common point from each mentioned signal line when an electrical signal is introduced by one of the mentioned lines into the balance point of the said lines. The mentioned structure is characterized by the fact that: a. there are N signal lines connected at a common point that radiate from it; b. one of the mentioned lines: 1. is connected to a source of electrical signals of size A amperes; 2. supplies N-1 of the mentioned lines; and c. reflections at said common point from each of said N-1 lines do not exceed the amount of. [image] 3. The structure from claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said lines spread radially symmetrically from said common point. 4. The structure from claim 1 or 2 characterized by the fact that said lines spread radially symmetrically in a plane from said common point. 5. The structure of claim 4, characterized by the fact that one of said lines exits at a right angle from said common point in said plane. 6. Electrical connector for receiving the electrical connector corresponding to it, characterized by the fact that: 1. contains two mirror-symmetric halves, each of which has: a. a longitudinal block that includes: i. a base with a thumb segment protruding outwards from said longitudinal block; and ii. an apex end with an apex component extending transversely to said apex end and said thumb segment: A. the aforementioned top component with an elastic arch that looks like a cantilever: 1). said bow having: And). convex surface and concave surface: b). an electrical conductor is connected to it; iii. the base component which extends transversely to the said longitudinal block and the said thumb segment; and 2. said thumb segments of the two said halves are clamped together to form said connector, wherein said arcs approach each other and thus tightly engage said corresponding electrical connector. 7. The connector of claim 6, characterized in that said protruding surface of said arc has a solidly connected electrical conductor. 8. The connector of claim 6, characterized in that the firmly clamped said thumb segments of the longitudinal component parts serve as a brake to said corresponding electrical connector. 9. The connector of claim 6, characterized in that said protruding surface has a fixed electrical conductor, and said firmly clamped thumb segments of said longitudinal components serve as a brake to said corresponding electrical connector. 10. The connector of claim 6, characterized in that it has said top components and said base components which extend transversely to include a plurality of said arcs for receiving the extended corresponding electrical connector. 11. Structure for the distribution of electrical signals, which include signals with transmission times substantially less than one nanosecond, which is indicated by the fact that: a. includes a large number of flat flexible cables for circuits: 1. with two surfaces; and 2. which are pressed against each other: b. the surfaces of the mentioned cables are separated from each other by insulation; 1. each of the mentioned cables has a greater number of electrically conductive protruding connectors: A. one or more of the mentioned sockets end in electrical connectors; i. the mentioned electrical connectors for connecting the mentioned sockets to: And). sources of electricity: b). the sources of the mentioned electrical signals; and c). other electrical elements; B. each of said protruding connectors having one or more connection points, wherein one or more of them have openings extending between said surfaces of said cables: i. said openings have connection electrodes that pass through them, and are connected to one or more connection points on cables that are attached to each other; c. the mentioned cables, which are larger in number, are secured in relation to each other by the header blocks: 1. one or more of the mentioned connection electrodes are attached to them: A. which are passed through the mentioned openings, i B. electrically connect two or more mentioned connection points to two or more mentioned cables. 12. The structure of claim 1 or 2, in which one of the mentioned lines is connected to an electrical connector for receiving a corresponding electrical connector, characterized in that: 1. has two mirror-symmetric halves, each of which contains: a. longitudinal block in which: i. a base with a thumb segment protruding outwards from said longitudinal block; and ii. apex end with apex component extending transversely towards said apex end and said thumb segment: A. on the mentioned top component part there is an elastic arch designed as a console: 1). said onion has: And). convex surface and concave surface: b). an electrical conductor is connected to it; iii. a foot component extending transversely to said longitudinal block and said thumb segment; and 2. said thumb segments of said two halves are pressed together to form said connector, wherein said arcs extend towards each other and tightly engage the corresponding electrical connector. 13. The structure of claim 1 or 2, indicated by the fact that one of the mentioned lines is connected to: a. a larger number of flat flexible cables for assemblies: 1. which have two surfaces; and 2. which are close to each other: b. the surfaces of the mentioned cables are separated from each other by insulation; 1. each of the mentioned cables has a greater number of electrically conductive protruding connectors: A. one or more of the mentioned sockets end in electrical connectors; i. the mentioned electrical connectors connect the mentioned connectors to: And). sources of electricity; b). sources of said digital current signals; and c). other electrical elements; B. each of said protruding connectors having one or more connection points, one or more of which have apertures extending between said surfaces of said cables: i. said openings have connection electrodes that pass through them, and are connected to one or more connection points on cables that are attached to each other; c. the mentioned cables, which are larger in number, are secured in relation to each other by the header blocks: 1. one or more of the mentioned connection electrodes are attached to them: A. which are passed through the mentioned openings, i B. electrically connect two or more mentioned connection points to two or more mentioned cables. 14. The electrical connector of claim 6, in which said electrical connector contains a structure for distribution of electrical signals, which include electrical signals with transmission times significantly less than one nanosecond, and which is characterized by the fact that: a. includes a large number of flat flexible cables for circuits: 1. which have two surfaces; and 2. which are close to each other: b. the surfaces of the mentioned cables are separated from each other by insulation; 1. each of the mentioned cables has a greater number of electrically conductive protruding connectors: A. one or more of the mentioned sockets end in electrical connectors; i. the mentioned electrical connectors connect the mentioned connectors to: a. sources of electricity; b. sources of said digital current signals; and c. other electrical elements; B. each of said protruding connectors having one or more connection points, one or more of which have apertures extending between said surfaces of said cables: i. said openings have connection electrodes that pass through them, and are connected to one or more connection points on cables that are attached to each other; c. the mentioned cables, which are larger in number, are secured in relation to each other by the header blocks: 1. one or more of the mentioned connecting electrodes is attached to them: A. which are passed through the mentioned openings, i B. electrically connect two or more mentioned connection points to two or more mentioned cables. 15. The structure of claim 12, in which the structure for distribution of electrical signals, which includes signals with transmission times substantially less than one nanosecond, is indicated by the fact that: a. includes a large number of flat flexible cables for circuits: 1. which have two surfaces; and 2. which are close to each other: b. the surfaces of the mentioned cables are separated from each other by insulation; 1. each of the mentioned cables has a greater number of electrically conductive protruding connectors: A. one or more of the mentioned sockets end in electrical connectors; i. the mentioned electrical connectors connect the mentioned connectors to: And). sources of electricity; b). sources of said digital current signals; and c). other electrical elements; B. each of said protruding connectors having one or more connection points, one or more of which have apertures extending between said surfaces of said cables: i. said openings have connection electrodes that pass through them, and are connected to one or more connection points on cables that are attached to each other; c. the mentioned cables, which are larger in number, are secured in relation to each other by the header blocks: 1. one or more of the mentioned connection electrodes are attached to them: A. which are passed through the mentioned openings, i B. electrically connect two or more mentioned connection points to two or more mentioned cables.