HRP950296A2 - Programing apparatus for timely regulation of temperature and apparatus control - Google Patents

Description

Introduction

The main impetus for the realization of the described device was the desire for effective monitoring of energy consumption. The guiding thought was not to limit the use of energy and stay in a dark and cold space, but to optimize its use by reducing the unnecessary waste of energy by overheating, heating when it is not needed or by turning on lighting during the day and increasing user comfort. The reduction of energy consumption fits in with modern tendencies to protect the human environment and reduce financial costs.

The desire to optimize energy consumption in the household and industry as much as possible gave rise to the idea of developing a programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management. The essence of the idea is to maintain the desired temperature of the living space only when it is necessary. During the development of the device, it was shown that, in addition to temperature control, it is also possible to manage some devices (eg for heating water) without additional costs. An additional requirement was to make a small, compact device that will be widely applicable and inconspicuous in the interior, whether it is an apartment, house, office or industrial plant. Wide applicability reduces the costs of eventual production of the same device for different purposes.

The technical field to which the device belongs and the basic technical characteristics of the device are presented in chapter 2.1. The solution to the technical problem is described in chapter 2.2. Chapter 2.3. gives a presentation of the existing technical solutions that were used in the elaboration of the idea. The essence and novelty of the invention, as well as the advantages of using a ready-made device with several examples, are presented in chapter 2.4. Chapter 2.5. describes in detail the principle of operation of the device with a selection of all essential elements. The method of using the device with examples of its operation is shown in chapter 2.6. The patent application with the introductory and characteristic part is presented in chapter 3. The summary of the entire technical solution is contained in chapter 4. The electrical diagrams of the device are shown at the end in figures 1, 2 and 3. Figures 4 and 5 show the printed circuit boards of the finished device, and figures 6 and 7 show the arrangement of elements on printed circuit boards. Figure 8 shows a possible external appearance of the finished device in a scale of 1:1.

Description of the invention

The field of technology

The programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management is an electronic circuit. For its work, it uses a processor control unit and electronic switches for switching on and off a device.

The processor control unit consists of a circuit with a programmable integrated circuit (microcontroller) from the company "Intel" of the MCS48 family with associated components, an integrated circuit with a clock function from the company "Philips", an amplifier circuit for driving indicators, pointers, keyboards and electronic switches, a temperature sensor with associated amplifier, analog-digital converter from Texas Instruments", keyboard with LED indicators and four seven-segment LED indicators

Temperature measurement was achieved with a semiconductor sensor using the principle of dependence of semiconductor voltage on temperature change.

The electronic switches contain an excitation circuit from the company "Motorola" and a TRIAC as an electronic switch with associated interference filtering elements for AC power supply. Powerful bipolar transistors with an isolated control circuit (IGBT) with a suitable excitation circuit are used as switches to control consumers that use direct current.

Technical problem

The programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management is designed as a multi-purpose device that, after setting the parameters (time intervals and temperatures), maintains the set room temperature in the set time interval and manages the devices connected to the programmer. Time regulation of the temperature reduces energy consumption for heating or cooling rooms with an optimal temperature, and management optimizes water heating, switching on lighting, machines, alarms, pipeline control and the like, both in households and in commercial premises and industrial plants.

The programmer consists of a processor control unit and the necessary number of electronic switches for switching on and off connected devices.

The power supply of the processor control unit uses an unregulated DC voltage from an external rectifier. The stabilizer of the necessary drive voltage is an integral part of the control unit.

The processor control unit uses a programmable integrated circuit (hereinafter referred to as a microcontroller) to perform the main functions of the circuit. The program embedded in the microcontroller controls the entire programmer system. The program is designed in such a way that it allows setting the time, time intervals, temperature, etc. The program itself is installed according to the specific requirements of the application, which makes the device highly usable because the same circuits perform different functions, depending on the installed program. This characteristic achieves a relatively low production cost of the device and a wide range of applications.

The exact time and the memory in which the time intervals and temperatures are stored are contained in a special integrated circuit of low current consumption, which achieves the correct operation of the circuit even in the event of a power failure. For this purpose, a special source for powering the timing circuit and memory is built into the programmer. Depending on the requirements set for the duration of the power interruption, the same circuit uses special high-capacity capacitors, Ni-Cd accumulators or a lithium battery as a separate power source. Time accuracy is guaranteed by an oscillator with a quartz crystal that is an integral part of the circuit.

The temperature measurement was realized with a semiconductor integrated sensor using the principle of the dependence of the semiconductor voltage on the temperature change. The sensor voltage is amplified by an operational amplifier and sent to an analog-to-digital converter.

From the converter, the digital data proportional to the temperature is taken to the microcontroller, where it is further processed.

Communication between the programmer and the person who uses it is achieved through a keyboard, indicators and a four-digit seven-segment pointer. Requests for execution or reading of the status, which is displayed on the LED indicators, are entered via the keyboard. The exact time, date, time intervals, temperature, etc. are displayed on the display.

Device management is solved by drive circuits that are connected directly to the output of the microcontroller. Driver circuits act as electronic transistor switches including specific control lines.

Electronic switches use the control voltage from the processing unit, which they use via the excitation circuit to turn on the TRIACs. The excitation circuit contains an element for complete galvanic isolation of the control low-voltage circuit from the mains voltage. The circuit also turns on the TRIAC when the supply voltage passes through zero. This reduces the level of interference when switching on, and consumers are protected from electric shocks, which results in a longer service life. Electronic switches are special separate parts of the programmer, they are placed directly next to the consumer, thus eliminating the risk of electric shock from the electrical connection from the programmer to the consumer's connection. TRIAC was chosen as a switching element because it excludes the problems that occur with mechanical contacts: fitting time, sparking, mechanical damage to the contacts, high cost.

State of the art

The basic structure of the assembly is based on:

◾ microcontroller 8749H,

◾ analog-digital converter TLC549,

◾ timing circuit PCF8583,

◾ voltage reference LM336Z2.5,

◾ temperature sensor LM335

◾ integrated operational amplifier LM324

The 8749H microcontroller was marketed by the company "Intel". It is an 8-bit processor with 2 kB of internal program memory (ROM), 128 bytes of working memory (RAM), one 8-bit time or pulse counter, two test inputs and one interrupt input and 3 independent input-output lines. The microcontroller is designed so that, with the addition of an external oscillator or resonator, it works without additional components.

The analog-to-digital converter TLC549 is a product of the company "Texas Instruments". It is an 8-bit converter that works on the principle of successive approximation, and the digital data is read serially.

The timing circuit PCF8583 is produced by "Philips" as an electronic integrated circuit that functions as a clock and calendar with a total of 256 bytes of memory. The first 16 bytes of memory are used for the functioning of the clock and calendar, while the remaining part of the memory is freely used. The circuit is characterized by low current consumption, which in this case is important in the event of a power failure. The assembly is connected to the microcontroller serially via the I2C standard.

The voltage reference LM336Z2.5 is a low-noise stable voltage source of 2.5V.

The temperature sensor LM335 is a precise temperature sensor with voltage directly proportional to temperature. The sense voltage is 2.732 at 0°C, and the voltage change is 10mV/K.

The integrated operational amplifier LM324 is a circuit with four separate operational amplifiers. It is characterized by the possibility of working with a single power supply and an output voltage very close to the supply voltage (the minimum output voltage is 8mV higher than the negative supply voltage, and the maximum output voltage is 1.4V lower than the supply voltage.

The essence and novelty of the invention

The essence of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management is to reduce costs for the consumed energy of the devices controlled by the programmer while increasing efficiency and comfort. The programmer for temperature time regulation and device management features the possibility of double programming:

a) programming of the microcontroller, which determines the purpose of the device and remains unchanged during the use of the programmer, and is carried out in the process of manufacturing the device,

b) programming of parameters (temperature, time intervals, operating modes, etc.), and is carried out continuously as needed during the operation of the programmer using the program built into the microcontroller.

The programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management is designed to achieve savings, namely:

a) efficient and economical achievement of optimal room temperature,

b) optimal use of connected devices,

c) by saving electricity,

d) by reducing the production costs of the device itself.

The optimal temperature of the room is understood as the temperature that is necessary for living or working, carrying out some process, keeping or storing, etc. Economically achieving the temperature means maintaining the required temperature only for the required time, for example, heating or cooling work rooms only while in them employees stay without any special need for daily manual switching on of heating or cooling devices. Effective temperature achievement implies automatic regulation and maintenance of a certain temperature at the desired time.

A special unit consists of a programmer intended for the management of thermoaccumulation furnaces. The thermoaccumulation stove heats the space with as much heat as it has accumulated during the operation of its heaters. Since the thermoaccumulation furnace is not ideally thermally insulated, it radiates heat even when it is not needed. The programmer for managing thermoaccumulation furnaces is designed to reduce this unnecessary radiation to a minimum.

Optimum use of the device includes, for example, turning on the electric water heater when using a lower electricity tariff, turning it off overnight so that no energy is lost by cooling the water, and turning it on at the desired time so that there is always enough hot water.

An example of saving electricity is the window lighting control. The programmer automatically turns on the lighting at the desired time, and turns it off in the morning before the arrival of the morning shift. The smaller showcase of Sja is lighting with a power of about 2kW, for an average of 1 hour earlier switching off the lighting consumes over 600kWh less electricity per year.

The programmer for temperature time regulation and device management is designed as a multipurpose device. The final purpose of the device is determined by the program that is built into the microcontroller, which does not depend on the components of the device itself. In other words, the circuit part is common and completely equal for all purposes of the device. This results in the possibility of making programmers in relatively large series, which reduces the production and purchase price of programmers.

Description of operation and circuit diagram

The programmer for temperature time regulation and device management consists of two physically separate units:

I. Processor control unit with control panel

II. Electronic contactless switch

For the operation of the device, a rectified filtered voltage of 7 to 10V and a current of 350mA are required. The rectifier that provides this voltage can be a separate unit or located together with the contactless switch.

Processor control unit with control panel

The main part of the entire programmer consists of a processor control unit with a control panel. The complete electronics of the device, except for the temperature sensor and the source of uninterrupted power supply, are placed on two printed boards measuring 58x88 mm. Both printed tiles filled with elements can be placed in a box with internal dimensions of 59x115x40mm. The temperature sensor is located outside the box and connected to the printed circuit board of the processor control unit with a two-wire cable for more accurate temperature measurement. The uninterruptible power source is attached to the device housing and connected to the circuit with a two-wire cable. The electrical connection of the assembly is made with a two-row corner connector on the printed circuit board and a "flat" cable to a special connector placed on the housing or in the housing, which depends on the application of the device.

The basic characteristics of the processor control unit according to the diagram in Figure 1 are:

1. Microcontroller of the MCS48 family with a maximum of 2kB of program memory, 128B of working memory and one 8-bit timer,

2. Precision quartz electronic clock PCF8583 with 256B memory or PCF8593 low consumption (I=1μA), without memory, both with I2C serial connection standard,

3. Connection for external uninterrupted power supply of the electronic clock +Ub, with the possibility of charging NiCd batteries,

4. Power supply stabilizer 5V,

5. Assembly for monitoring the operation of the microcontroller (the so-called watch dog timer),

6. Self-contained analog-to-digital converter with adjustable input analog voltage in any range between 0 and 5V by resistors R7, R8, R9 and R11,

7. One analog input 0-5V whose characteristics of amplification and shift of the input voltage are determined by resistors R3, R4 and R5,

8. Eight digital inputs or eight outputs (OUTPUT MAX=300mA) P00-P07,

9. Eight digital inputs or eight outputs (OUTPUT MAX=300mA) P10-P16, P24,

10. One digital input or one output (IIOUTPUT MAX=1000mA) P25,

11. Four digital inputs/outputs P20-P23,

12. One digital input TEST.

The basic characteristics of the control panel according to the diagram in Figure 2 are:

1. Four digits made with seven-segment LED indicators 15 mm high in the form of a digital clock with a controllable colon between the first and second group of digits,

2. Seven LED indicators with a grid of 2.54 mm connection pins,

3. Eight buttons located in two rows.

The whole assembly is divided into six basic subassemblies:

I. Drive voltage stabilizer

II. Managing unit

III. Electronic clock with memory and uninterrupted power supply

IV. Measuring circuit with analog-to-digital conversion

V. Power units

YOU. Pointer with keyboard

The drive voltage stabilizer, the control unit, the electronic clock with memory, the measuring circuit and part of the drive units are located on one printed circuit board, the schematic of which is shown in Figure 1. The drive units of the pointer and keyboard part and the pointer with the keyboard are located on another printed circuit board, and their scheme is shown in Figure 2.

The function of the stabilizer of the driving voltage 5V is performed by the integrated circuit IC8 and the electrolytic capacitor C9. Two variants are available:

1. L7805 or

2. L4941

In the first variant, a very low-cost stabilizer is obtained with higher current consumption, which can cause additional heating of the circuit environment and lead to minor errors in temperature measurement.

L4941 is a precise 5V regulator (voltage tolerance is 2%), and it is characterized by a small voltage drop, so it is suitable for operation with low input voltages. As a consequence of the above, low consumption results, and thus less heating than in the first variant.

The control unit consists of a microcontroller 8749H with external oscillator elements: crystal X1 with a resonance frequency between 4 and 6 MHz and capacitors C5 and C6 and a circuit for monitoring the operation of the microcontroller IC4 with elements C8, R13, C9 and R14.

The microcontroller works in internal mode (uses only the internal program memory), which is determined by the pin EA (7) connected to ground. The X1 crystal determines the basic clock of the processor, and thus the speed of the built-in program. The circuit for monitoring the operation of the microcontroller is designed using two monostables in the integrated circuit IC4 (CD4098) and has two functions:

1. Ensures the proper start of the microcontroller when the device is turned on,

2. Ensures the restart of the program in case of irregular functioning of the built-in program (the so-called "watch dog timer").

The operation of the microcontroller starts by generating a reset pulse. The reset pulse is active with a low level. One of the monostables was used to generate the reset pulse (pin 7). The duration of the reset pulse is determined by capacitor C9 and resistor R14. When the supply voltage is switched on, the monostable automatically generates one pulse, which starts the microcontroller at the moment of switching on.

The second monostable is used to activate the first monostable via the output on pin 10. The input of the second monostable is constantly excited from the microcontroller from the output on line P2.0 and P2.1 so that the output of the monostable is continuously at a high level. If there is an irregularity in the operation of the microcontroller, its outputs on line P2.0 and P2.1 stop exciting the monostable, its output falls to the logic zero state and activates the first monostable that generates a reset pulse. After the reset pulse, the microcontroller restarts the execution of its program, excites the second monostable, which raises its output to the logical unit state.

On the input-output lines P1.7 and P2.7, the microcontroller programmatically emulates the I2C protocol for communicating with the electronic clock IC6. The INT line precisely tracks the timing change in IC6.

Test input T0 is serially read by the analog-to-digital converter, and line P2.6 provides the clock for reading.

The pointer and keyboard are controlled by a multiplex frequency between 50 and 70 Hz. It is better if the frequency is higher to avoid pointer flickering. The multiplexing frequency is determined by embedding in the program. Microcontroller through the output lines P1.0-P1.6 controls the drive circuits for driving seven segments of all pointers. Indicator diodes are controlled by output lines P2.4 and P2.5. Four groups on the indicator (one digit each, two indicator diodes and two buttons) are controlled by the output lines P2.0 and P2.1 to which the decoder is connected (PCB 2). Two buttons of each group are read by input lines P2.2 and P2.3.

Excitation of drive circuits for non-contact electronic switches is done in parallel via 8 output lines DB0-DB7.

In the integrated circuit IC5 there is an electronic clock and an additional 240 bytes of memory.

An X2 crystal with a resonance frequency of 32.768 kHz is used for the operation of the electronic clock.

Using the microcontroller, the clock is programmed to generate a pulse on its INT output every minute and hold it until the microcontroller reads the time. The same output is used to determine the length of time periods, e.g. programming of work from a given day (item 2.6.9.). Two of the five resistors in the resistor network RN2 electrically lock the SDA and SCL lines of the I2C standard.

All intervals and temperatures set by the user of the device are stored in the memory. The microprocessor loads this data every time the device is started. Any change in interval or temperature by the user of the device is immediately written to the memory to ensure the data in case of loss of external power supply.

Diode D1 and resistor R6 isolate the electronic clock circuit from other sub-circuits during power failure. Resistor R6 also serves as a limitation of the charging current of Ni-Cd battery or electrolytic capacitor.

If the device is used permanently connected to an external power supply, a high-capacitance capacitor of special design with gold electrodes whose capacity ranges up to 1 farad with dimensions f21x9 mm can be used as a source of uninterrupted power supply. In testing, the device with this capacitor withstood an interruption of 24 hours without data loss and time error.

For devices that are often disconnected from the power supply, a small Ni-Cd battery with a voltage of 3.6V and a capacity of about 100mAh is used, with which the memory retains data and the exact time for over 100 hours.

To measure the temperature, an integrated circuit IC3 is used, which contains four operational amplifiers, associated resistors to achieve the necessary voltage gains, an analog-to-digital converter TLC549, a voltage reference LM366Z2.5 and a temperature sensor LM335, which is not located on the printed circuit board, but is connected between the inputs SENS (I2, pins 15 and 17) and masses.

The voltage sensor LM335 is designed so that at 0°C it gives a voltage of 2.732V which changes with 10mV/K. For the measurement range from -19° to 44°C, the sensor voltage is from 2.545 to 3.172V. This voltage is fed to pin 5 of the operational amplifier, where it is amplified with the addition of a shift, resulting in a voltage between 0.1 and 3.5V, which is fed to the input of the analog-to-digital converter. The range and gain of this voltage are determined by resistors R3, R4 and R5. Three operational amplifiers of the integrated circuit IC3 with associated resistors, voltage reference VREF and capacitor C3 serve to generate the reference voltages required for analog-digital conversion. The voltage reference VREF generates 2.5V which is amplified by the first operational amplifier to 3.56V. Gain is determined by resistors R16 and R17. The remaining two op-amps operate as unity-gain voltage followers, directly generating reference voltages for the analog-to-digital converter. Possible deviations of resistor values, voltage deviations of the voltage reference and the temperature sensor are eliminated by adjusting the reference voltages REF+ and REF- of the analog-digital converter with trimer potentiometers R8 and R11.

A precise voltmeter and thermometer are required to adjust the device. The voltage of the temperature sensor is measured with a voltmeter at a known temperature. From the known temperature, the minimum and maximum voltage of the sensor for the desired area is calculated. Using a multi-turn potentiometer that is connected in a circuit instead of a sensor, the calculated values are set. With trimmer potentiometer R8, set the voltage REF+ equal to the voltage AIN for the set upper limit of the voltage on the multi-turn potentiometer, and with the trimmer potentiometer R11 set the voltage REF- equal to the voltage AIN for the set lower limit of the voltage on the multi-turn potentiometer. Adjustment is easier and more accurate if the voltage is measured between REF+ and AIN, or REF- and AIN.

Resistors R3, R4 and R5 selected in this particular case cover the temperature range from -19°C to 44°C. The lower temperature limit is read by the analog-digital converter as zero, so the correct display of the temperature must be solved by software. From this requirement it follows that at the output of the amplifier (pin 7) the voltage at the lower limit of the temperature range must be close to 0V, while at the upper limit it is close to the maximum output voltage of the operational amplifier with a supply voltage of 5V (about 3.6V).

The resistor values are determined according to the requirement that at the lower limit of the temperature range the voltage of pin 6 of the operational amplifier IC3 corresponds to the voltage of the temperature sensor at the lower temperature limit increased by the minimum output voltage of the operational amplifier (about 10mV, point 2.2). The voltage of pin 6 corresponds to the product of the reference voltage of pin 1 of the operational amplifier and the ratio of the parallel combination of resistors R4 and R5 and the sum of resistor R3 and the parallel combination of R4 and R5:

[image]

The amplified voltage difference of the sensor at the upper and lower temperature limit at the output of the operational amplifier (pin 7) must not exceed the maximum possible output voltage of the operational amplifier (3.6V in this case). The voltage gain is determined by the ratio of the parallel combination of resistors R4 and R5 and the sum of the resistor R3 and the parallel combination of R4 and R5:

[image]

From these two equations and the condition that the input resistance is about ten kilohms, the values of all resistances can be determined, noting that the input resistance of the circuit is equal to the parallel combination of all three resistors:

[image]

The control output and indicator drive units use an integrated array of 8 open-collector transistors as outputs (IC6 and IC7). The pointer is connected directly to the output of the field, and the control output is connected by the resistance network RN1 to the positive terminal of the non-stabilized supply voltage. This method of connecting the control output provides a number of advantages:

◾ all outputs are certainly inactive (output voltage is equal to zero) at the moment of switching on the device, because the microcontroller sets all outputs to a logical unit state during the duration of the reset pulse, so the drive circuit leads by connecting the output practically to zero,

◾ resistors in the resistive network limit the short-circuit current of the output, so there is no danger of destroying the device by careless connection,

◾ resistors of the resistance network also limit the control current of contactless electronic switches,

◾ all contactless switches have zero as a common point, which is more advantageous than if the common point is the positive end of the unstabilized supply voltage,

◾ connecting the resistance network RN1 to the unstabilized voltage additionally reduces the load on the power stabilizer by 8x20mA, which is the amount of the required control current of contactless switches.

The indicator is connected directly (load to positive voltage) due to the multiplexing of the indicator. The ninth output for turning on the LED indicator is made by transistor T1.

The indicator with the keyboard is made on another printed circuit board, which avoids the complicated cabling of buttons and indicators. The connection between the boards is a double-row connector soldered directly to each printed board, with the indicator board being soldered from the bottom side.

The pointer and indicators are excited by multiplex frequency higher than 50Hz. The same frequency is used to read the state of the 8 keys. This provides excitation for all 7 segments of all digits, eight LED indicators and eight buttons with only thirteen input/output lines.

Decoder IC1 (diagram 2) is used to select a group (digit, indicator and two buttons each). IC1 (74LS156) is a dual two-by-four decoder. One half of IC1 is used to drive the output transistors Q1-Q4 of the pointer while the other half of IC1 is used to drive the key readout lines. This connection avoids the otherwise necessary use of diodes when multiplexing pointers and buttons, and the work is done by one element (IC1).

Transistors Q1-Q4 supply a positive voltage to the indicator working in the junction of common anodes. The individual cathodes are connected together, and the segment of the digit whose anode is switched on by the transistor and cathode connected to the ground via IC6 in scheme 1 will light up.

A mass potential is supplied to a certain key via the decoder, which is transferred to the input line of the controller if the key is pressed, thereby reading the key. Contact flickering when pressed is solved in the microcontroller program, which avoids the use of more complex circuits or filters to eliminate this phenomenon. Resistors RA-RG, RLED1 and RLED2 limit the current of the pointer and indicator segments to the permitted value (20mA in this case). Resistors R22 and R23 pull the key read inputs to a high logic level.

Electronic contactless switch

An electronic non-contact switch is a circuit that switches on a consumer and meets the following requirements:

◾ galvanic separation of the control low-voltage circuit from the mains supply voltage (protection against electric shock), the possibility of fitting a sufficiently strong current (up to about 25A),

◾ a fitting method that enables a longer service life of the connected device,

◾ low cost,

◾ small dimensions,

◾ great reliability,

◾ minimal maintenance.

The solution shown in the diagram in Figure 3 was derived from the above requirements. The main element for fitting is a TRIAC, and it can be found on the market for the required currents at an acceptable price. When fitting higher currents to the TRIAC, a suitable cooler should be added.

An opto-isolated MOC3041 integrated circuit is used to excite the TRIAC. It achieves galvanic isolation of the control circuit with a protective voltage of 2500V, requires a small excitation current (15mA), and is characterized by the inclusion of the TRIAC only at the moment when the period of the voltage sinusoid passes through zero. This eliminates voltage surges that occur when the device is turned on with a simple switch without additional control of the current value of the supply voltage, and as a result, the life of the connected device (especially the incandescent bulb) is increased and interference is reduced. The excitation circuit is the same for all types of used TRIACs.

The assembly itself has no moving mechanical parts, so there is no need for maintenance as with classic switches or relays (the problems of sparking on the contacts are eliminated).

By properly sizing the TRIAC and its cooler, a high-reliability circuit is achieved. The element with 600V breakdown voltage and 40% maximum current reserve will certainly perform its function for years. For example, a TRIAC BTA41/600 with a 2K/W thermal resistance cooler was selected for the TRIAC that will fit a 5500W (25A) heater.

The dimensions of the assembly are dictated by the cooler. For the fitting of smaller appliances (lighting, heaters up to about 1000W), it is more favorable in terms of price and dimensions to take a TRIAC with a higher current and reduce the need to use a cooler. Special attention should be paid to the selection of TRIACs for switching on reactive loads (electric motors, transformers). In that case, you should use TRIACs intended for this use (eg BTA16CW) or add the so-called snubber protective circuit.

Method of application

The method of application describes the operation of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management. Chapter 2.6.1 describes the capabilities of the programmer. Chapter 2.6.2 briefly describes all functions, commands and signaling of the programmer. The third part describes the behavior of the programmer during the first connection to the electrical network. Chapters 2.6.4, 2.6.5, 2.6.6, 2.6.7, 2.6.8 and 2.6.9 describe operation and programming, and chapter 2.6.8 also contains four examples of interval programming in automatic mode. Chapter 2.6.10 describes installing the programmer. Chapter 2.6.11 lists all the most important technical data.

Introductory remarks

One of the applications of the programmer is temperature regulation and control of some devices for residential or commercial premises and will be described in detail.

The programmer maintains eight different temperatures in the range between 0 and 30°C in eight different daily intervals. Two groups of eight intervals are available, which can be distributed by day of the week. This is, for example, used in practice by assigning group A to weekdays and group B to the weekend when the heating needs are different from weekdays. The simplest way to use automatic mode is to set only two intervals, one day and one night.

The currently set room temperature can be increased or decreased by pressing the button, and the next day the heating will work with the previously set temperature. Automatic operation can be turned off, so the programmer acts like a regular thermostat and constantly maintains the set temperature. The set temperature can be decreased or increased at any time by simply pressing one of the buttons.

The programmer contains three time circuits with three time intervals each for controlling three devices (eg electric boiler, window lighting, infrared heater, etc.) or two times for turning on, eg alarm clock. An additional function is to turn on the heating on a certain day. With such programming, the heating, connected devices and the display are turned off until the programmed day at 0:00, when the programmer directs the heating to programmed automatic or thermostatic operation, and the devices are turned on at the set time.

The programmer recognizes a leap year as well as the last Sunday in March when it sets summer time (an hour forward) at 2:00, and it will set winter time (an hour back) at 3:00 on the last Sunday in September, so no time corrections are necessary.

All control lines to consumers are low-voltage and protected against short circuit, so there is no risk of electric shock to operators. The heaters, depending on their power, are switched on using contactless electronic switches for powers up to 5kW. The programmer can be connected to the already installed heating instead of the existing room thermostat with the same wires without modifying the existing installations, making sure that the total power that is overlapped does not exceed the maximum allowed.

The heater turns on as soon as the room temperature drops below the set temperature, and turns off after the temperature exceeds at least a quarter of a degree above the set temperature. This can be seen from the low temperature signal and the heater turning on. With an undertemperature alarm, the heater and the heater alarm are always on, but when the room temperature equals the set temperature, the undertemperature alarm turns off, and the heater and the heater alarm remain on until the temperature exceeds the set point by a quarter of a degree.

A specially developed program for a microcontroller is intended for the application of a programmer for managing thermoaccumulation furnaces. The program is designed so that the programmer specifically controls the fan of the thermoaccumulation furnace, and especially the heaters of the thermoaccumulation furnace. Fan management is identical to heating management. The fan is switched on if the room temperature falls below the set temperature within a certain time interval. Three time intervals are available for heater control. Outside the set time intervals, the heaters are turned off unconditionally. Within the set intervals, the heaters will be turned on so that the total time the heaters are on does not exceed twice the total duration of the fan operation. This simple formula was applied for the reason that thermoaccumulation furnaces of different power are used in different volumes of rooms that are heated. Fine adjustment is left to the user, who by setting time intervals determines the time intervals of the heater's operation, which avoids unnecessary heating of the stove (for example, in the morning when the householders are away, the heaters are turned off and turned on around noon so that the stove accumulates energy for heating at the time of the cheaper tariff electricity prices). If the stove still emits too much heat and the fan is not working, the need for the fan to work at the desired time will be reduced, which automatically shortens the heater's operating time. Setting the heater operation interval is the same as setting the device control interval.

Programmer functions

The front panel of the programmer in a 1:1 scale is shown in Figure 8.

In normal operation, the programmer's display shows the time. All necessary functions are performed by the programmer and signaled on the panel. The indicators are marked with the function they signal:

◾ AUTO automatic mode of operation

◾ PRGDAT programmed automatic start of the given date

◾ COLD room temperature is lower than set

◾ HEATER heating on

The time is displayed on the display with a colon between the hours and minutes, showing 0:00 at midnight and 23:59 at the end of the day. The date is printed without a colon, first the day, then the month. The temperature is printed without a decimal with the mark "°C" on the right digits of the pointer.

The programmer is controlled using four buttons below the pointer. Commands can be simple or complex, and all are written below the keys. There are three simple commands, which are executed by pressing only one key and perform the most frequently needed functions, and are marked with text in the first row below the keys in separate boxes:

◾ TMP/DT display of current room temperature and date,

◾ T+ increase in the set room temperature,

◾ T- reduction of the set room temperature,

Complex commands are executed by pressing several keys in a certain order and are related to programming, so they all start by pressing the PROG key. Complex commands are used to program times, time intervals and desired temperatures of the room controlled by the programmer. The programming functions are indicated by common boxes in the second and third lines of the text: in the second line there are functions related to the type of work and exact time, and in the third line there are functions related to interval programming.

Time, date and temperature settings are finally made according to the marks in the fourth line of text and separate boxes, and the changing value is signaled by its blinking on the display:

◾ + increase the amount

◾ - reduce the amount

◾ NEXT next size (eg setting hours after setting minutes)

EXIT completion of programming and return to the display of the correct time

The following functions can be programmed with complex commands:

◾ PROG MODE turning automatic mode on or off

◾ PROG PRGDAT programming of the date for the start of heating

◾ PROG TIME setting the exact time, day, month and year

◾ PROG INT A/B interval group selection

◾ PROG INT INT A programming of daily time intervals and temperatures of group A for room heating,

◾ PROG INT INT B programming of daily time intervals and temperatures of group B for room heating,

◾ PROG INT INT ONE OF THE REMAINING KEYS

programming the interval of one of the three time circuits or the operation interval of the thermoaccumulation furnace heater.

Each function of the programmer will be described below.

First power on

The first time it is turned on, the programmer is set to its initial state: 0:00 a.m., January 1, 1995. The clock numbers blink as a warning that the clock is not working well. The operating temperature is set to 0°C (off), and the temperatures of all intervals are set to 20°C, all intervals are set to 0:00 hours (off), and the operation starts with the automatic mode off. The heating will be turned off. Setting the correct time will stop the pointer blinking.

Setting the correct time and calendar

For proper functioning, in addition to the hour and minute, the correct date and year must be set so that the addition of the leap day as well as the switching between winter and summer time work normally. From this data, the programmer determines the day of the week.

◾ press the PROG button. The display shows the message "Pr",

◾ press the TIME button. The indicator reads "Ur" while holding the key. When the button is released, the time appears on the display and the minutes blink.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the minutes. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one minute every half second.

NOTE: The clock starts at the moment when the setting is finished with the EXIT or NEXT button, so to set the time exactly to the second, you need to set the time one minute ahead and confirm the time setting with the EXIT or NEXT button exactly at the set time.

◾ setting the clock starts by pressing the NEXT button. The minutes stop flashing and the hours start flashing. If it is not necessary to set the hour, setting the minutes can be finished with the EXIT button, which completes the time setting, the cursor stops flashing, and the clock starts at that moment.

◾ use the "+" or "-" keys to set the clock. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one hour every half second.

◾ by pressing the EXIT button, setting the time ends, the pointer stops flashing, and the clock starts immediately. By pressing the NEXT button, the clock starts immediately, and the programmer switches to setting the date. The indicator shows the day and month without a colon between them, the day blinks.

NOTE: If the + or - key is not pressed during minute and hour setting, the current time will not change. If, for example, it is only necessary to set the date, setting the minutes and hours is skipped by pressing the NEXT key twice, the time is not changed, and the date is set immediately.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the day. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one day every half second.

◾ setting the month starts by pressing the DAU6 button. The day stops blinking and the moon begins to blink. If the month does not need to be set, the day setting can be finished with the EXIT key, which completes the time setting and the cursor stops flashing.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the month. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one month every half second.

◾ by pressing the EXIT key, setting the date ends, and the pointer stops flashing. By pressing the NEXT button, the programmer switches to setting the year. The display shows the year blinking.

NOTE: The programmer does not allow an attempt to program a non-existent date (eg 31.04.) and in such a case it returns to the day setting point expecting a change of date. Setting the date and year is necessary due to the automatic switching of summer and winter time and the function of turning on the heating on the programmed day.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the year. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one year every half second.

◾ by pressing the EXIT button, setting the time, date and year ends, the cursor stops flashing and the programmer switches to normal operation with the correct time being printed. By pressing the NEXT button, the programmer switches to setting the minutes and the entire cycle repeats from the third point.

Room temperature and date

The programmer will show the current room temperature and then the date if requested. The procedure is as follows:

◾ pressing the TMP/DT button displays the room temperature on the display. The display remains on the display for ten seconds after the button is released. The temperature display range is from -19 to +44°C.

◾ by pressing the TMP/DT button once more during the temperature display, the date is displayed on the display. The display remains on the display for ten seconds after the button is released. By pressing any button while the date is on the display, the programmer returns to normal operation showing the correct time

Change in room temperature

To change the room temperature, the programmed temperature should be increased or decreased. The result of such a change depends on the mode in which the programmer works. In normal thermostat mode, the new programmed temperature remains until the next temperature change by pressing the button or until the operation mode is changed to automatic mode. In automatic mode, changing the programmed temperature will only affect the time interval in which the change occurred. The change does not change the content of the program memory, so the next day, in the same time interval, the programmer will work with the same set temperature that was programmed before the change. In other words, changing the temperature in automatic mode allows for an immediate one-time change without affecting daily work. Permanent temperature change in automatic mode is possible only by programming time intervals and temperatures (see point 2.6.8).

◾ by pressing the T+ button, the current programmed temperature is displayed on the display. By holding down the button, the programmed temperature increases at a rate of °C per eighth of a second (1°C per half second), and with short successive presses of the same button, the programmed temperature rises with a step of °C. On the display, the temperature is printed only as an integer, so the display changes only after the fourth short press of the button. If the programmed temperature is higher than the room temperature, the COLD indicator will light up.

◾ by pressing the T- button, the current programmed temperature is displayed on the screen. By holding down the button, the programmed temperature decreases at a rate of °C in one-eighth of a second (1°C in half a second), and with short successive presses of the same button, the programmed temperature drops in steps of °C. On the display, the temperature is printed only as an integer, so the display changes only after the fourth short press of the button. If the programmed temperature is lower than the room temperature, the COLD indicator will not light up.

NOTE: The COLD thermostat indicator can be used to check the setting of the programmed temperature in relation to the room temperature, because it lights up as soon as the programmed temperature becomes higher than the room temperature.

◾ by permanently releasing the button after some time, the programmer automatically returns the correct time to the display. Immediate return of the correct time to the display is possible by pressing the EXIT key.

Selecting the operating mode

Two operating modes are available, the normal thermostatic mode and the automatic mode. In thermostat mode, the programmer behaves like an ordinary room thermostat, and the room temperature is constantly maintained at the programmed value between 0 and 30°C. In automatic mode, it is possible to select up to 8 daily time intervals and program the temperature in the range from G to 30°C for each individual time interval. The programmer maintains the room temperature at any time of the day according to the operator's request. The automatic mode of operation is recognized by the ON indicator AUTO on the programmer panel.

◾ pressing the PROG button starts selecting the operating mode. The display shows the message "Pr".

◾ by pressing the MOD button, the programmer changes the operating mode, from thermostatic to automatic and vice versa, which can be seen by the operating mode indicator. The display shows the correct time. If the continuation of operation is in thermostatic mode, the programmer continues to maintain the temperature of the room that was until then. If operation continues in automatic mode, the temperature programmed for the current time interval and group is set.

Programming of daily intervals and temperature

In automatic mode, it is possible to program two groups with up to 8 time intervals with different programmed temperatures. The time interval has a minimum step of 10 minutes (it is not possible to set smaller intervals!). Intervals should be entered in order, from the earliest to the latest. If this is not the case, the programmer realizes that at a lower time than the previous one, it is the end and at that point limit the number of intervals. Thus, it is possible to set a combination with two intervals, eg day and night (see example 4).

EXAMPLE 1: The following times and temperatures are programmed:

1. time 6:40 temperature 20

2nd time 9:30 a.m. temperature 5 p.m

3. time 12:00 temperature 20

4. time 16:30 temperature 22

5. time 19:00 temperature 23

6. time 18:50 temperature 19

7. time 23:20 temperature 18

8. time 2:40 temperature 15

EXPLANATION: Between 6:40 and 9:30 the room is heated to 20°C. From 9:30 to 12:00 the room is heated to 17°C. From 12:00 to 16:30 the room temperature will be 20°C, and from 16:30 to 19:00 the room will be 22°C.

Since the 6th time (18:50) is less than the 5th time (19:00), the programmer will ignore the last 3 intervals and maintain a temperature of 23°C from 19:00 to 6:40 the next day. The automatic mode programmed in this way will have a total of 5 time intervals.

EXAMPLE 2: The 6th tense from the above example has been changed:

1. time 6:40 temperature 20

2nd time 9:30 a.m. temperature 5 p.m

3. time 12:00 temperature 20

4. time 16:30 temperature 22

5. time 19:00 temperature 23

6. time 21:50 temperature 19

7. time 23:20 temperature 18

8. time 2:40 temperature 15

EXPLANATION: The first four intervals (until 19:00) remain unchanged, followed by the 5th interval from 19:00 to 21:50 at 23°C, the 6th interval from 21:50 to 23:20 at 19°C, 7th interval from 23:20 to 2:40 the next day with 18°C and 8th interval from 2:40 to 6:40 (this is the 1st time) with 15°C.

EXAMPLE 3: the third interval from example 2 is to be deleted (12:00-16:30), everything else remains the same.

EXPLANATION: This wish can be achieved in two ways. One possibility is to set the temperature in the third time (20°C) to the temperature of the 2nd time (17°C), while another possibility is to set the 3rd time (12:00) equal to or less than the 4th time. If the time is equal (the 3rd time is 16:30), the 3rd interval should last from 16:30 to 16:30 so that the programmer immediately resumes operation in the 4th interval from 16:30 to 19:00 with a temperature of 22°C.

EXAMPLE 4: the simplest variant of automatic mode is to use day and night temperature (only two intervals).

1. time 6:40 temperature 22

2. time 22:30 temperature 17

3. time 7:00 temperature has no meaning

EXPLANATION: From 6:40 am to 10:30 pm, the room is heated to 22°C. At night from 22:30 until 6:40 in the morning, the temperature will be maintained at 17°C. The third time needs to be set between the first and second time (in this example 7:00) so that the programmer understands that intervals 3-8 are not used. The temperature of the third interval is not important and does not need to be adjusted.

In addition to programming, interval times and temperatures can be reviewed with this procedure. In this case, the + and - keys will not be used. The procedure for programming time intervals and temperatures is as follows:

◾ pressing the PROG key opens access to programming. The display shows the message "Pr".

◾ pressing the INT key starts interval programming. The display shows the message "Pr In".

◾ three options are available: interval group programming, interval group A time and temperature programming, and group B time and interval programming.

Interval group programming:

◾ programming of the group of intervals by days of the week continues by pressing the A/B button,

◾ the display shows the abbreviation of the day of the week (Pn, Tu, Sr, Ct, Pt, Sb, nd) and the currently set interval group (A or b).

◾ by pressing the INT A or INT B key, the desired group of intervals is selected and displayed on the display.

◾ pressing the A/B button switches to programming the next day's group, which can also be seen on the display.

◾ pressing the EXIT button returns the correct time to the display, and the programmer executes all possible changes if it works in automatic mode.

Programming time intervals and temperatures of group A and group B:

◾ programming of eight intervals and temperature of group A continues by pressing the INT A button,

◾ programming of eight intervals and temperatures of group B continues by pressing the INT B button.

◾ the message "In A1" or "In b1", depending on the group, is printed on the display while the button is held down, indicating the group and the number of the interval being programmed. By releasing the button, the start time of the first interval is printed on the display. The blinking minutes indicate the possibility of setting them.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the minutes. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately ten minutes every half second. The change step is 10 minutes (intervals shorter than 10 minutes cannot be programmed).

◾ setting the clock starts by pressing the NEXT button. The minutes stop flashing and the clock starts flashing.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the clock. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one hour every half second.

◾ by pressing the NEXT key, setting the start of the interval ends and setting the temperature of the interval begins. The current programmed temperature is shown blinking on the display.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the temperature. The keys can be pressed and released or held. By holding down the button, the programmed temperature changes at a rate of °C per eighth of a second (1°C per half second), and by short successive presses of the same button, the programmed temperature changes with a step of °C. The display shows the temperature only as an integer, so the display changes only after the fourth short press of the button.

◾ When the desired temperature of the interval is set, pressing the NEXT button completes the programming of the start of the interval and the temperature, and moves on to the programming of the time of the end of the interval, i.e. the time of the start of the next interval. While holding down the NEXT button, the display shows the group and number of the interval that starts to be programmed. By releasing the button, the start time of the interval is printed on the display with flashing minutes.

◾ to program other interval times and temperatures, repeat the procedure from the fourth point to the previous point. When programming, you should take care of the sequence of time intervals (see Example 1).

◾ if, after programming the temperature of the last interval, the NEXT button is pressed, the entire procedure is repeated from the third point.

◾ programming can be ended at any time by pressing the EXIT button. The correct time is returned to the display, and the programmer continues working with the newly programmed times and temperatures if it works in automatic mode.

NOTE: The order of setting the intervals is always from the first to the eighth. Restoring the interval (transition from higher to lower) is not possible. In such a case, the desired interval can be reached by repeatedly pressing the NEXT button.

Programming to start on a specific day

This function is practical when you are away for a long time (more than a day) from the heated space. The start date can be programmed up to a year in advance.

By programming the heating switch-on date, all control outputs are automatically switched off until the programmed date, regardless of the operating mode. About five minutes after programming the date, the programmer turns off the pointer and all indicators except PRGDAT. The pointer can be reactivated by pressing any key, and it is active for the next 5 minutes. By canceling the programmed day or the programmed day at 0:00, the programmer returns to normal operation and turns on all the necessary control outputs, working in the mode in which it was at the time of programming the date (automatic or thermostatic).

The day's programming procedure is as follows:

◾ pressing the PROG key opens access to programming. The display shows the message "Pr".

◾ pressing the PRGDAT button starts the programming of the heating start-up date. The display shows the current date. A blinking day indicates the possibility of its adjustment.

◾ use the + or - keys to set the day. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one day every half second.

◾ setting the month starts by pressing the NEXT button. The day stops blinking and the moon begins to blink. If the month does not need to be set, the setting of the day can be finished with the EXIT button, which completes the programming of the heating start-up date (see the last point).

◾ use the + or - keys to set the month. The keys can be pressed and released or held. If the button is held down, the rate of change is approximately one month every half second.

◾ By pressing the NEXT button, the programmer switches to setting the day again and the process repeats from the third point.

NOTE: The programmer does not allow an attempt to program a non-existent date (eg 31.04.) and in such a case it returns to the third point expecting a change of date.

◾ by pressing the EXIT button, the programming of the heating start-up date ends. The PRGDAT indicator lights up if the programmed date is different from the current one, and the programmer immediately turns off the heating if it was working, disconnects all control lines, and after approximately 5 minutes, turns off the pointer and indicators except for the PRGDAT indicator.

◾ after switching off, the display of the exact time on the display returns by pressing any key. The pointer and indicators work for the next 5 minutes.

◾ changing the programmed date is always possible. Repeat the process from the first point.

◾ cancellation of the programmed date is possible by repeating the first and second point. After the current date has appeared on the display, confirm the current date with the EXIT key. The programmer turns off the PRGDAT indicator and switches to normal operation.

Installing

The programmer is installed in a place that is not exposed to drafts, sun, heat radiation from radiators or heaters, or a cold wall because there is a temperature sensor next to the programmer.

Contactless electronic switches are installed in the immediate vicinity of heaters or next to the controlled device. The connection between the programmer and the electronic switch is made with a two-wire cable with a cross-section of 0.5 mm or more, paying attention to the polarity of the control voltage.

If the contactless switch controls the entire heater line, it is best to install it next to the distribution board where the programmer rectifier can be located, and the programmer in this case is connected to three wires: +, common and control wire.

Technical data

Supply voltage 7.5V DC

Supply current 400mA

Consumption 3.6W/hour

Number of output control lines 8

Control voltage +7.5V

Maximum load

output lines 20mA,

short circuit protection

Temperature measurement range -19°C to 44°C

Temperature regulation range 0°C to 30°C

Temperature measurement step 0.25°C

Thermostat hysteresis 0.5°C

Thermostatic operating modes

automatic

Number of automatic intervals

mode 2x8, regulation of any temperature in the range of

0°C to 30°C

Minimum time

step interval 10 minutes

The time period for programming

its inclusion time is 1 year

Hour minutes and hours,

crystal controlled, automatic switching

summer and winter time on the last Sunday in March

at 2:00 a.m., or in September at 3:00 a.m

Calendar day, month and year, programmed until 2155.

year, automatic determination of the day of the week

7-segment indicator

four-digit LED indicator, red, yellow or

green color, digit height 15 mm

Keyboard 4 membrane keys with "click" springs and 4 built-in indicators

Indicators

automatic mode in pointer color

programmed date in pointer color

thermostat green

yellow if the pointer is green

heating red

yellow if the pointer is red

Choice of executive elements:

Central heating relay, pump max 500W

Electric control contactless switch, max 5500W

contactless switch, max 2500W

contactless switch, max 1200W

Claims (14)

1. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management (Figure 9), indicated by the fact that it has a drive voltage regulator (5), a microcontroller with PROM and memory (1), a circuit for monitoring the operation of the microcontroller (3), a time base generator (2) , analog-digital converter (4) connected to the microcontroller, temperature sensor with analog amplifier (8) connected to the analog-digital converter, command keyboard (10), numeric-signal indicator (11), input (6), output (7) and an interface adapted to serial communication with an external device (9). 2. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 1, characterized in that the microcontroller (1) generates a real-time clock, a calendar with recognition of the day in week, leap years and correction of summer and winter time. 3. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and control of devices as described in claim 2, characterized by the fact that it contains an electronic circuit with a secondary DC energy source for storing all programmed parameters and operation of the time base in case of interruption of power supply from the network. 4. A circuit for monitoring the operation of the microcontroller (3) as described in claim 1, characterized in that it returns the processor to normal operation from an undefined state if it occurs due to an external disturbance in the power supply. 5. The input (6) of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is connected to the microcontroller and has 8 input lines adapted to receive an electrical unipolar signal. 6. The output (7) of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is connected to a microcontroller and has 8 output lines adapted to control using an electrical signal. 7. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it contains an executable program written in the PROM of the microcontroller, which the user uses via the command keyboard (10) connected to the microcontroller or externally via the serial interface (9) connected to the microcontroller can form its own operating program of the system connected to the output of the programmer. 8. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 7, characterized by the fact that it enables the system to operate in automatic operation or in non-automatic operation if the user does not want to use automatic operation. 9. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and control of devices as described in claim 7, characterized by the fact that in automatic operation it contains variables from the user: a) time-temperature criterion for controlling the heating/cooling system connected to the output adapted to the control of the electrical signal and b) time criterion for controlling the devices connected to the output adapted to control the electrical signal. 10. Time-temperature criterion of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 9a, indicated by the fact that the user joins one of 8 time-temperature program groups as desired to each day of the week, and joins up to daily time intervals to each group with each interval associated with a desired temperature. 11. Automatic operation of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management, which uses time-temperature intervals programmed by the user, as described in claim 10, indicated by the fact that it turns on the heating system in the programmed time interval if the measured temperature is lower than the programmed for that time interval or a temperature drop has been measured that could cause the temperature to drop below within the programmed temperature interval. 12. Automatic operation of the programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 9b, characterized by the fact that it contains up to 8 daily time intervals for electric signal management of up to 4 different devices in the programmed time interval. 13. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and control of devices as described in claims 9b and 12, characterized in that it puts devices into operation in automatic operation in a programmed time interval or always if automatic operation is switched off. 14. Programmer for time regulation of temperature and device management as described in claim 7, characterized by the fact that it contains initially set operating parameters of the system connected to the programmer so that the programmer can control the system if the user does not want to enter his own operating parameters of the connected system.