HRP950057A2 - Process for protecting and keeping objects made of natural materials, particularly artistic works - Google Patents
Process for protecting and keeping objects made of natural materials, particularly artistic works Download PDFInfo
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- HRP950057A2 HRP950057A2 HRP950057A HRP950057A2 HR P950057 A2 HRP950057 A2 HR P950057A2 HR P950057 A HRP950057 A HR P950057A HR P950057 A2 HRP950057 A2 HR P950057A2
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Izum se odnosi na (A)postupak za uništavanje insekata, u kojem se koriste spojevi formule The invention relates to (A) a method for destroying insects, in which compounds of the formula are used
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u slobodnom obliku ili u obliku agrokemijski upotrebljivih soli, naznačen time, da se uništavaju određeni insekti iz reda homoptera. Nadalje se izum odnosi na odgovarajuću primjenu tih spojeva, odgovarajuća sredstva za uništavanje insekata, čija aktivna tvar je izabrana iz tih spojeva i na postupak za proizvodnju i primjenu tih sredstava. Na jedan ili više djelomičnih predmeta iz ovog stavka osvrnut ćemo se u narednom tekstu pod nazivom "Područje (A) predmeta izuma" ili pod oznakom"(A)". in free form or in the form of agrochemically usable salts, indicated by the fact that certain homopteran insects are destroyed. Furthermore, the invention relates to the appropriate application of these compounds, appropriate agents for destroying insects, whose active substance is selected from these compounds, and to the process for the production and application of these agents. We will refer to one or more partial subjects from this paragraph in the following text under the title "Area (A) of the subject of the invention" or under the designation "(A)".
Izum se odnosi (B)na postupak za zaštitu bilja od štetnika, naznačen time, da se koriste spojevi formule The invention relates (B) to a process for protecting plants from pests, indicated by the fact that compounds of the formula are used
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u slobodnom obliku ili u obliku agrokemijski upotrebljivih soli, na odgovarajuću primjenu tih spojeva, odgovarajuća sredstva za uništavanje štetnika čija aktivna tvar je izabrana iz tih spojeva, postupak za proizvodnju i primjena tih sredstava za uništavanje štetnika. Na jedan ili više djelomičnih predmeta iz ovog stavka osvrnut ćemo se u daljnjem tekstu pod oznakom "Područje (B) predmeta izuma" ili "(B)". in free form or in the form of agrochemically usable salts, on the appropriate application of these compounds, appropriate means for destroying pests whose active substance is chosen from these compounds, the procedure for the production and application of these means for destroying pests. We will refer to one or more partial subjects from this paragraph in the following text under the designation "Area (B) of the subject of the invention" or "(B)".
Agrokemijski upotrebljive soli I su npr. adicione soli kiseline. One se primjerice stvaraju sa jakim anorganskim kiselinama kao što su mineralne kiseline, npr. perklorna kiselina, sumporna kiselina, dušična kiselina, dušikasta kiselina, sa fosfornom kiselinom ili halogenom vodikovom kiselinom, sa jakim organskim ugljičnim kiselinama kao što je primjerice halogenom supstituirane C1-C4-alkanugljične kiseline, npr. mravlja kiselina, octena kiselina ili trifluoroctena kiselina, eventualno nezasićene dikarbonske kiseline, npr. oksalna, malonska, jantarna, fumarna, ftalanska kiselina, zatim hidroksilne ugljične kiseline, primjerice askorbinska, mliječna, jabučna, vinska, limunska ili benzoeva kiselina ili sa organskim sulfonskim kiselinama, npr. halogenom supstituirane C1-C4-alkanske ili arilne sulfonske kiseline, npr. metanska ili p-toluolsulfonska kiselina. Uslijed uske povezanosti između spojeva I u slobodnom obliku i u obliku kemijski upotrebljivih soli, u gornjem i daljnjem tekstu se pod spojevima I odn. njihovim agrokemijski upotrebljivim solima trebaju podrazumijevati eventualno i odgovarajuće agrokemijski upotrebljive soli odnosno slobodni spojevi I. Prema izumu se preferira slobodan oblik spojeva I. Agrochemically usable salts I are, for example, acid addition salts. They are created, for example, with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, e.g. perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitric acid, with phosphoric acid or hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carbonic acids such as halogen-substituted C1-C4 -alkanocarbon acids, e.g. formic acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid, possibly unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, e.g. oxalic, malonic, succinic, fumaric, phthalic acid, then hydroxyl carbonic acids, e.g. ascorbic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric or benzoic acids acid or with organic sulfonic acids, eg halogen-substituted C1-C4-alkane or aryl sulfonic acids, eg methane or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Due to the close connection between compounds I in free form and in the form of chemically usable salts, in the above and further text compounds I or their agrochemically usable salts should possibly also mean appropriate agrochemically usable salts, i.e. free compounds I. According to the invention, the free form of compounds I is preferred.
Spojevi I, u slobodnom obliku ili u obliku agrokemijski upotrebljivih soli, nalaze se u obliku (E)-ili (Z)-izomera, već prema tome, da li (-N=C(H)-)-djelomična struktura koja povezuje oba gornja u strukturnoj formuli prikazana heterociklusa, ima (E)-ili (Z)-konfiguraciju. Prema tome se pod spojevima I, u slobodnom obliku ili u agrokemijski upotrebljivim solima u gornjem i daljnjem tekstu podrazumijevaju odgovarajući (E)-ili (Z)-izomeri - u slobodnom obliku ili u obliku (E)-ili(Z)-mješavina, iako se to u svakom slučaju posebno ne napominje. Compounds I, in free form or in the form of agrochemically usable salts, are found in the form of (E)- or (Z)-isomers, depending on whether the (-N=C(H)-)-partial structure connecting both the upper one shown in the structural formula of the heterocycle, has the (E)- or (Z)-configuration. Therefore, compounds I, in free form or in agrochemically usable salts, in the above and further text mean the corresponding (E)-or (Z)-isomers - in free form or in the form of (E)-or (Z)-mixtures, although it is not specifically noted in any case.
Spojevi I, u slobodnom obliku ili u agrokemijski upotrebljivim solima mogu se nalaziti u obliku tautomera. Npr. spoj I, koji prema naprijed prikazanoj strukturnoj formuli ima (-N(H)-C(=O)-)-djelomičnu strukturu, može se nalaziti u ravnoteži sa tautomerom, koji umjesto (-N(H)-C(=O)-)-djelomične strukture ima (-N=C(OH)-)-djelomičnu strukturu. Prema tome se pod spojevima I u slobodnom obliku ili u agrokemijski upotrebljivim solima, u gornjem i daljnjem tekstu podrazumijevaju eventualno i odgovarajući tautomeri, iako se potonji posebno ne spominju u svakom slučaju. Compounds I, in free form or in agrochemically usable salts, can exist in the form of tautomers. For example compound I, which according to the above structural formula has a (-N(H)-C(=O)-)-partial structure, can be in equilibrium with the tautomer, which instead of (-N(H)-C(=O) -)-partial structure has (-N=C(OH)-)-partial structure. Accordingly, compounds I in free form or in agrochemically usable salts, in the above and further text, possibly also mean corresponding tautomers, although the latter are not specifically mentioned in every case.
Spojevi I koji se prema izumu koriste poznati su i opisani npr. u EP-A-0 314 615. U EP-A-0 314 615 u općoj formuli opisuje se djelotvornost spojeva formule Compounds I used according to the invention are known and described, for example, in EP-A-0 314 615. In EP-A-0 314 615, the general formula describes the effectiveness of compounds of the formula
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u kojoj R1 znači ili vodik, C1-C12-alkil, C3-C6-cikloalkil, C1-C4-alkoksil-C1-C6-alkil, halogen-C1-C2-alkil, fenil, benyil, fenetil, fenpropil, fenbutil, fenpentil ili dvostruko halogenom, C1-C5-alkilom, halogen-C1-C2-alkilom, metoksilom i/ili etoksilom supstituirani ostatak fenila, benzila, fenetila, fenpropila, fenbutila ili fenpentila, a R2 znači vodik, C1-C6-alkil, C3-C6-cikloalkil ili nesupstituirani ili sa C1-C12-alkilom, halogenom ili halogen-C1-C12-alkilom supstituirani fenil ili pak R1 i R2 zajedno čine zasićeni ili nezasićeni 3- do 7-lančani karbociklus, R3 je vodik ili C1-C6-alkil, a Z stoji za -N=CH- ili -NH-CH2, u slobodnom obliku ili u obliku adicionih soli kiseline, kod uništavanja štetnika, u prvom redu insekata, naročito insekata iz reda anoplura, koleoptera, diptera, heteroptera, homoptera, himenoptera, izoptera, lepidoptera, malofaga, ortoptera, psokoptera, sifonaptera, tizanoptera i tizanura, posebno insekata koji sišu, naročito insekata porodice afidide koja pripada rodu homoptera. Naročito se opisuje djelovanje spojeva II protiv tri vrste iz reda homoptere, naime protiv vrsta aphis craccivora, aphis fabae i myzus persicae iz porodice aphididae, koji pripadaju vrstama aphis i myzus, kao i protiv jedne vrste is reda diptere, naime protiv aedes aegypti iz porodice culicidae koja pripada rodu aedes. Izuzev porodice aphididae, kao insekti za ciljano suzbijanje ne predlažu se nikakve daljnje porodice iz reda homoptera, isto tako se ne predlažu vrste iz porodice aphididae, a osim vrsta aphis craccivora i aphis fabae ne predlažu se ni ikakove daljnje vrste iz roda aphis. U EP-A-0 314 615 nema nikakvih opisa u vezi primjene spojeva II za zaštitu bilja od napada štetnika. wherein R1 is either hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, halo-C1-C2-alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl, phenbutyl, phenpentyl or a phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl, phenbutyl or phenpentyl radical substituted by double halogen, C1-C5-alkyl, halogen-C1-C2-alkyl, methoxyl and/or ethoxyl, and R2 means hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C3- C6-cycloalkyl or unsubstituted or C1-C12-alkyl, halogen or halogen-C1-C12-alkyl substituted phenyl or R1 and R2 together form a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 7-chain carbocycle, R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6- alkyl, and Z stands for -N=CH- or -NH-CH2, in free form or in the form of acid addition salts, when destroying pests, primarily insects, especially insects from the order Anoplura, Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, hymenoptera, isoptera, lepidoptera, malophaga, orthoptera, psocoptera, siphonoptera, tizanoptera and tizanura, especially insects that suck, especially insects of the aphid family that belong and to the genus Homoptera. In particular, the action of compounds II against three species from the order Homoptera, namely against the species aphis craccivora, aphis fabae and myzus persicae from the aphididae family, which belong to the species aphis and myzus, as well as against one species from the order Diptera, namely against aedes aegypti from the family, is described culicidae belonging to the genus aedes. With the exception of the aphididae family, no further families from the homoptera order are proposed as insects for targeted control, nor are any species from the aphididae family proposed, and apart from the species aphis craccivora and aphis fabae, no further species from the genus aphis are proposed. In EP-A-0 314 615 there are no descriptions regarding the use of compounds II for the protection of plants against pest attacks.
Neočekivano i u odnosu na naprijed objašnjenu objavu EP-A-0 314 615, iznenađujuće je pronađena, da su (A) spojevi I veoma prikladni za suzbijanje određenih daljnjih insekata iz reda homoptera, naime za uništavanje insekata porodica aleyrodidae, cicadellidae i delphacidae, koja pripada rodu homoptera, suzbijanje insekata vrsta acyrthosiphon, brachycaudus, brevicoryne, dysaphis, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, rhopalosiphum, sappaphis, schizaphis i toxoptera iz porodice aphididae koja pripada rodu homoptera i insekata vrsta aphis gossypii i aphis pomi koje pripadaju vrsti aphis iz porodice aphididae koja pripada rodu homoptera, te da su (B) spojevi I također odlično prikladni za zaštitu bilja od napada štetnika. Unexpectedly and in relation to the previously explained publication EP-A-0 314 615, it was surprisingly found that (A) compounds I are very suitable for the control of certain further insects from the homoptera order, namely for the destruction of insects of the families aleyrodidae, cicadellidae and delphacidae, which belong of the genus homoptera, control of insects of the species acyrthosiphon, brachycaudus, brevicoryne, dysaphis, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, rhopalosiphum, sappaphis, schizaphis and toxoptera from the family aphididae belonging to the genus homoptera and insects of the species aphis gossypii and aphis pomi belonging to the species aphis from the family aphididae belongs to the genus Homoptera, and that (B) compounds I are also very suitable for protecting plants from pest attacks.
Ta izvrsna podobnost spojeva I za uništavanje određenih insekata iz vrste homoptera prema (A), kao i za zaštitu bilja od napada štetnika prema (B) iznenađujuća je stoga, jer spojevi I doduše potpadaju pod spojeve formule II opisane u EP-A-0 314 615, a u primjeru H.3 u EP-A-0 314 615 su čak specifično opisani, no u EP-A-0 314 615 uopće se ne ukazuje na izvrsno djelovanje odn. prikladnost prema predmetnom izumu, a niti na posebno izraženo djelovanje spojeva II protiv određenih insekata prema (A) navedenih u izumu, iz reda homoptere ili na specijalno izraženo svojstvo spojeva II za zaštitu prema izumu bilja od štetnika prema (B), a tek se ne ukazuje na odgovarajuće posebno izraženo djelovanje odn. prikladnost prednjih spojeva I, koji se mogu smatrati posebnom podgrupom spojeva II. This excellent suitability of the compounds I for the destruction of certain homopteran insects according to (A) and for the protection of plants against pest attacks according to (B) is therefore surprising, because the compounds I do fall under the compounds of formula II described in EP-A-0 314 615, and in example H.3 in EP-A-0 314 615 are even specifically described, but in EP-A-0 314 615 there is no indication at all of the excellent action or suitability according to the invention in question, and neither to the particularly expressed action of compounds II against certain insects according to (A) mentioned in the invention, from the order Homoptera or to the specially expressed property of compounds II to protect plants from pests according to (B) according to the invention, and not yet indicates a corresponding particularly expressed action or suitability of forward compounds I, which can be considered a special subgroup of compounds II.
Uništavanje insekata prema (A) i zaštita bilja od napada štetnika prema (B), za korisnika su od velike važnosti na području uništavanja insekata odn. štetnika, budući bez ciljanog uništavanja tih insekata odn. štetnika mogu nastati veliki gospodarstveni gubici, primjerice zbog šteta koje oni nanesu poljoprivrednim proizvodima. The destruction of insects according to (A) and the protection of plants from pest attacks according to (B) are of great importance for the user in the field of destroying insects or pests, since without targeted destruction of these insects or pests can cause large economic losses, for example due to the damage they cause to agricultural products.
U okviru područja (A) predmeta izuma mogu se posebno uništavati sljedeći insekti: Within the field (A) of the subject of the invention, the following insects can be specifically destroyed:
(1) insekti porodice aleyrodidae, naročito vrste bemisia i trialeurodes; (1) insects of the aleyrodidae family, especially bemisia and trialeurodes species;
(2) insekti porodice cicadellidae, naročito rodova empoasca i erythroneura; (2) insects of the cicadellidae family, especially of the genera empoasca and erythroneura;
(3) insekti porodice delphacidae, naročito rodova laodelphax i nilaparvata, posebno vrsta laodelphax striatellus i nilaparvata lugens; (3) insects of the delphacidae family, especially the genera laodelphax and nilaparvata, especially the species laodelphax striatellus and nilaparvata lugens;
(4) insekti rodova acyrthosiphon, brachycaudus, brevicoryne, dysaphis, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, rhopalosiphum, sappaphis, schizaphis i toxoptera iz porodice aphididae, naročito vrsta acyrthosiphon, brevychorine, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, sappaphis, schiyaphis i toxoptera, posebno rodova brevicoryne, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon i toxoptera, naročito vrsta brevicoryne brassicae, hyalopterus amygdali, macrosiphum euphorbiae, phorodon humuli, toxoptera aurantii i toxoptera citricida; (4) insects of the genera acyrthosiphon, brachycaudus, brevicoryne, dysaphis, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, rhopalosiphum, sappaphis, schizaphis and toxoptera from the aphididae family, especially species of acyrthosiphon, brevychorine, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon, sappaphis, schiyaphis and toxoptera, especially genera brevicoryne, hyalopterus, macrosiphum, phorodon and toxoptera, especially the species brevicoryne brassicae, hyalopterus amygdali, macrosiphum euphorbiae, phorodon humuli, toxoptera aurantii and toxoptera citricida;
(5) insekti vrsta aphis gossypii i aphis pomi iz roda aphis, porodice aphididae; ili (5) insects of the species aphis gossypii and aphis pomi from the genus aphis, family aphididae; or
(6) insekti odabrani iz grupe vrsta insekata koja se sastoji od (a) acyrthosiphon pisum; (b) aphis gossypii; (c) aphis pomi; (d) Bemisia tabaci; (e) brachycaudus persicaecola; (f) brevicoryne brassicae; (g) dysaphis devecta; (h) disaphis plantaginea; (i) empoasca flavescens; (j) erythroneura apicalis; (k) hyalopterus amygdali; (1) laodelphax striatellus; (m) macrosiphum avenae; (n) macrosiphum euphorbiae; (o) macrosiphum rosae; (p) nilaparvata lugens; (q) phorodon humuli; (r) rhopalosiphum insertum; (s) rhopalosiphum padi; (t) rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae; (u) sappaphis piricola; (v) schiyaphis gramminum; (w) toxoptera aurantii; (x) toxoptera citricida; i (y) trialeurodes vaporariorum. (6) insects selected from the group of insect species consisting of (a) acyrthosiphon pisum; (b) aphis gossypii; (c) aphis pomi; (d) Bemisia tabaci; (e) brachycaudus persicaecola; (f) brevicoryne brassicae; (g) dysaphis devecta; (h) disaphis plantaginea; (i) empoasca flavescens; (j) erythroneura apicalis; (k) hyalopterus amygdali; (1) laodelphax striatellus; (m) macrosiphum avenae; (n) macrosiphum euphorbiae; (o) macrosiphum rosae; (p) nilaparvata lugens; (q) phorodon humuli; (r) rhopalosiphum insertum; (s) rhopalosiphum padi; (t) rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae; (in) sappaphis piricola; (v) schiyaphis gramminum; (w) toxoptera aurantii; (x) toxoptera citricida; and (y) trialeurodes vaporariorum.
U okviru područja (B) predmeta izuma mogu se suzbijati naročito Within the field (B) of the subject of the invention, they can be suppressed in particular
(7) životinjski štetnici; (7) animal pests;
(8) insekti i reprezentanti reda acarina; (8) insects and representatives of the order acarina;
(9) insekti reda lepidoptera, na primjer acleris spp., adoxophyes spp., aegeria spp., agrotis spp., alabama argillaceae, amylois spp. , anticarsia gemmatalis, archips spp., argyrotaenia spp., sutographa spp., busseola fusca, cadra cautella, carposina nipponensis, chilo spp., choristoneura spp., clysia ambiguella, cnaphalocrosis spp., cochylis spp., coleophora spp., crocidolomia binotalis, cryptophlebia leucotreta, cydia spp., diatraea spp., diparopsis castanea, earias spp., ephestia spp., eucosma spp., eupoecilia amiguella, euproctis spp., euxoa SPP., grapholita spp., hedya nubiferana, heliothis spp., hellula undalis, hyphantria cunea, keiferia iycopersicella, leucoptera scitella, lithocellethis spp., lobesia botrana, lymantria spp., lyonetia spp., malacosoma spp., mamestra brassicae, manduca sexta, operophtera spp., ostrinia nubilalis, pammene spp., pandemis spp., panolis flammea, pectinophora gossypiella, phtorimaea operculella, pieris rapae, pieris spp., plutella xylostella, prays spp., scirpophaga spp., sesamia spp., sparganothis spp., spodoptera spp., synanthedon spp., thaumetopoea spp., tortrix spp., trichoplusia ni i yponomeuta spp.; insekti reda celeoptera, na primjer: agriotes spp., anthonomus spp., atomaria linearis, chaetocnema tibialis, cosmopolites spp., curculio spp., dermestes spp., diabrotica spp., eremnus spp., leptinotarsa decemlineata, lissorhoptrus spp., melolontha spp., orycaephilus spp., otiorhynchus spp., phlyctinus spp., popillia spp., psylliodes spp., rhizopertha spp., scarabeidae, sitophiluus spp., sitotroga spp., tenebrio spp., tribolium spp. i trogoderma spp.; insekti reda orthoptera, na primjer: blatta spp., blatella spp., gryllotalpa spp., leucophaea maderae, locusta spp., periplaneta spp. i schistocerca spp; insekti reda isoptera, na primjer reticulitermes spp.; insekti reda psocoptera, na primjer liposcelis spp.; insekti reda anoplura, na primjer: haematopinus spp., linognathus spp., pediculus spp., pemphigus spp. i phylloxera spp.; insekti reda mallophaga, na primjer: damalinea spp. i trichodectes spp.; insekti reda thysanoptera, na primjer frankliniella spp., hercinothrips spp., taeniothrips spp., thrips palmi, thrips tabaci i scirtothrips aurantii; insekti reda heteroptera, na primjer: cimex spp. , distantiella theobroma, dysdercus spp., euchistus spp., eurygaster spp., leptocorisa spp., nezara spp., piesma spp. , rhodnius spp. , sahlbergella singularis, scotiniphara spp. i triatoma spp.; insekti reda homoptera, na primjer aleurothrixus floccosus, aleyrodes brassicae, aonidiella spp., aphididae, aphis spp., aspidiotus spp., bemisia tabaci, ceroplaster spp., chrysomphalus aonidium, chrysomphalus dictyospermi, coccus hesperidum, empoasca spp., eriosoma larigerum, erythroneura spp., gascardia spp., laodelphax spp., lecanium corni, lepidosaphes spp., macrosiphus spp., myzus spp., nephotettix spp., nilaparvata spp., paratoria spp., pemphigus spp., planococcus spp., pseudaulacaspis spp., pseudococcus spp. , psylla spp., pulvinaria aethiopica, guadraspidiotus spp., rhopalosiphum spp., saissetia spp., scaphoideus spp., schizaphis spp., sitobion spp., trialeurodes vapirariorum, trioza erytreae i unaspis citri; insekti reda hymenoptera, na primjer: acromyrmex, atta spp., cephus spp., diprion spp., diprionidae, gilpinia polytpma, hoplocampa spp., lasius spp., monomorium pharaonis, neodiprion spp., solenopsis spp. i vespa spp.; insekti reda diptera, na primjer: aedes spp., antherigona soccata, bibio hortulanus, calliphora erythrocephala, ceratitis spp., chrysomyia spp., culex spp., cuterebra spp., dacus spp., drosophila melanogaster, fannia spp., gastrophilus spp., glossina spp., hypoderma spp., hyppobosca spp., liriomyza spp., lucilia spp., melanogromyza spp., musca spp., oestrus spp., oestrus spp., orseolia spp., oscinella frit, pegomyia hyoscyami, phorbia spp., rhagoletis pomonella, dciara spp., stomoxys spp., tabanus spp., tannia spp. i tipula spp. ; insekti reda siphonaptera, na primjer: ceratophyllus spp. i xenopsylla cheopis; insekti reda thysanura, na primjer lepisma saccharina; ili (10) reprezentanti reda acarina, na primjer: acarus siro, aceria sheldoni, aculus schlechtendali, amblyomma spp., argas spp., boophilus spp., brevipalpus spp., bryobia praetiosa, calipitrimerus spp., chorioptes spp., dermanyssus gallinae, eotetranychus carpini, eriophyes spp., hyalomma spp., ixodes spp., olygonychus pratensis, ornithodoros spp., panonychus spp., phyllocoptruta oleivora, polyphagotarsonemus latus, psoroptes spp., rhipicephalus spp., rhizoglyphus spp., sarcoptes spp., tarsonemus spp. i tetranychus spp. (9) insects of the order lepidoptera, for example acleris spp., adoxophyes spp., aegeria spp., agrotis spp., alabama argillaceae, amylois spp., anticarsia gemmatalis, archips spp., argyrotaenia spp., sutographa spp., busseola fusca, cadra cautella, carposina nipponensis, chilo spp., choristoneura spp., clysia ambiguella, cnaphalocrosis spp., cochylis spp., coleophora spp., crocidolomia binotalis, cryptophlebia leucotreta, cydia spp., diatraea spp., diparopsis castanea, earias spp., ephestia spp., eucosma spp., eupoecilia amiguella, euproctis spp., euxoa spp., grapholita spp., hedya nubiferana, heliothis spp., hellula undalis, hyphantria cunea, keiferia iycopersicella, leucoptera scitella, lithocellethis spp., lobesia botrana, lymantria spp., lyonetia spp., malacosoma spp., mamestra brassicae, manduca sexta, operophtera spp., ostrinia nubilalis, pammene spp., pandemis spp., panolis flammea, pectinophora gossypiella, phtorimaea operculella, pieris rapae, pieris spp., plutella xylostella , prays with pp., scirpophaga spp., sesamia spp., sparganothis spp., spodoptera spp., synanthedon spp., thaumetopoea spp., tortrix spp., trichoplusia ni and yponomeuta spp.; insects of the order celeoptera, for example: agriotes spp., anthonomus spp., atomaria linearis, chaetocnema tibialis, cosmopolites spp., curculio spp., dermestes spp., diabrotica spp., eremnus spp., leptinotarsa decemlineata, lissorhoptrus spp., melolontha spp. ., orycaephilus spp., otiorhynchus spp., phlyctinus spp., popillia spp., psylliodes spp., rhizopertha spp., scarabeidae, sitophiluus spp., sitotroga spp., tenebrio spp., tribolium spp. and trogoderma spp.; insects of the order Orthoptera, for example: blatta spp., blatella spp., gryllotalpa spp., leucophaea maderae, locusta spp., periplaneta spp. and schistocerca spp; insects of the order isoptera, for example reticulitermes spp.; insects of the order psocoptera, for example liposcelis spp.; insects of the order Anoplura, for example: haematopinus spp., linognathus spp., pediculus spp., pemphigus spp. and phylloxera spp.; insects of the order mallophaga, for example: damalinea spp. and trichodectes spp.; insects of the order thysanoptera, for example frankliniella spp., hercinothrips spp., taeniothrips spp., thrips palmi, thrips tabaci and scirtothrips aurantii; Heteropteran insects, for example: cimex spp., distantiella theobroma, dysdercus spp., euchistus spp., eurygaster spp., leptocorisa spp., nezara spp., piesma spp., rhodnius spp., sahlbergella singularis, scotiniphara spp. and triatoma spp.; homoptera insects, for example aleurothrixus floccosus, aleyrodes brassicae, aonidiella spp., aphididae, aphis spp., aspidiotus spp., bemisia tabaci, ceroplaster spp., chrysomphalus aonidium, chrysomphalus dictyospermi, coccus hesperidum, empoasca spp., eriosoma larigerum, erythroneura spp., gascardia spp., laodelphax spp., lecanium corni, lepidosaphes spp., macrosiphus spp., myzus spp., nephotettix spp., nilaparvata spp., paratoria spp., pemphigus spp., planococcus spp., pseudaulacaspis spp., pseudococcus spp., psylla spp., pulvinaria aethiopica, guadraspidiotus spp., rhopalosiphum spp., saissetia spp., scaphoideus spp., schizaphis spp., sitobion spp., trialeurodes vapirariorum, trioza erytreae and unaspis citri; hymenoptera insects, for example: acromyrmex, atta spp., cephus spp., diprion spp., diprionidae, gilpinia polytpma, hoplocampa spp., lasius spp., monomorium pharaonis, neodiprion spp., solenopsis spp. and vespa spp.; insects of the order diptera, for example: aedes spp., antherigona soccata, bibio hortulanus, calliphora erythrocephala, ceratitis spp., chrysomyia spp., culex spp., cuterebra spp., dacus spp., drosophila melanogaster, fannia spp., gastrophilus spp. , glossina spp., hypoderma spp., hyppobosca spp., liriomyza spp., lucilia spp., melanogromyza spp., musca spp., oestrus spp., oestrus spp., orseolia spp., oscinella frit, pegomyia hyoscyami, phorbia spp. , rhagoletis pomonella, dciara spp., stomoxys spp., tabanus spp., tannia spp. and tipula spp.; insects of the siphonaptera order, for example: ceratophyllus spp. and xenopsylla cheopis; insects of the order Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina; or (10) representatives of the order acarina, for example: acarus siro, aceria sheldoni, aculus schlechtendali, amblyomma spp., argas spp., boophilus spp., brevipalpus spp., bryobia praetiosa, calipitrimerus spp., chorioptes spp., dermanyssus gallinae, eotetranychus carpini, eriophyes spp., hyalomma spp., ixodes spp., olygonychus pratensis, ornithodoros spp., panonychus spp., phyllocoptruta oleivora, polyphagotarsonemus latus, psoroptes spp., rhipicephalus spp., rhizoglyphus spp., sarcoptes spp., tarsonemus spp. and tetranychus spp.
Spojevi 1 koji se koriste prema izumu, su na području suzbijanja insekata prema (A) i suzbijanja štetnika ako ih toplokrvne životinje, ribe, koristočinci i biljke dobro podnose, preventivno i/ili kurativno djelotvorne aktivne tvari već kod niskih korištenih koncentracija. Aktivne tvari prema izumu djelotvorne su kod svih ili pojedinačnih razvojnih stadija od normalno senzibilnih do rezistentnih, kod insekata prema (A) odn. štetnika prema (B). Djelovanje aktivnih tvari koje se primjenjuju prema izumu može se pri tome pokazati djelotvornim direktno, tj. u odumiranju insekata prema (A) odn. štetnika prema (B), koje nastupa neposredno ili tek nakon nekog vremena, primjerice kod guljenja ili indirektno, npr. u smanjenom odlaganju jajašca i/ili brzine izlijeganja, pri čemu dobro djelovanje rate odumiranja (mortalitet) odgovara najmanje 50 do 60%. Aktivne tvari korištene prema izumu naročito se odlikuju time, da se posebno čuvaju koristočinci kao amblyseius fallacis, chrysopa carnae, coccinella septempunctata, orius majusculus i typhlodromus pyri i ptice. Compounds 1 used according to the invention are in the field of insect control according to (A) and pest control if they are well tolerated by warm-blooded animals, fish, beneficials and plants, preventively and/or curatively effective active substances even at low concentrations used. Active substances according to the invention are effective in all or individual developmental stages from normally sensitive to resistant, in insects according to (A) or pests according to (B). The action of the active substances applied according to the invention can be shown to be effective directly, i.e. in the death of insects according to (A) or pests according to (B), which occurs immediately or only after some time, for example during peeling or indirectly, for example in reduced egg laying and/or hatching rate, whereby the good effect of the death rate (mortality) corresponds to at least 50 to 60%. The active substances used according to the invention are particularly distinguished by the fact that they are specially preserved for beneficial animals such as amblyseius fallacis, chrysopa carnae, coccinella septempunctata, orius majusculus and typhlodromus pyri and birds.
Sa aktivnim tvarima koje se koriste prema izumu naročito se mogu suzbijati odn. umrtviti ili uništiti insekti prema (A) koji napadnu biljke, u prvom redu korisne i ukrasne biljke u poljoprivredi, vrtlarstvu i šumarstvu, ili dijelove biljaka kao što su plodovi, cvjetovi, krošnja, stabljike, lukovice ili korijeni, pri čemu su i dijelovi biljke koji kasnije narastu još zaštićeni protiv tih insekata, kao i prema (B) mogu se suzbijati, umrtviti ili uništiti insekti koji napadnu biljke, u prvom redu korisne i ukrasne biljke u poljoprivredi, vrtlarstvu i šumarstvu, pri čemu su protiv štetnika zaštićeni i dijelovi biljke koji kasnije narastu, zaštita dakle traje npr. tako dugo dok se nisu do kraja razvile otporne biljke, pri čemu su biljke zaštićene kako od štetnika koji napadaju nadzemni dio biljke, tako i od štetnika koji žive u zemlji. With the active substances used according to the invention, they can be particularly suppressed or kill or destroy insects according to (A) that attack plants, primarily useful and ornamental plants in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, or parts of plants such as fruits, flowers, crowns, stems, bulbs or roots, including plant parts which later grow up are still protected against these insects, as well as according to (B), insects that attack plants can be suppressed, killed or destroyed, primarily useful and ornamental plants in agriculture, gardening and forestry, whereby parts of the plant are also protected against pests which grow later, the protection therefore lasts, for example, until resistant plants have fully developed, whereby the plants are protected both from pests that attack the above-ground part of the plant, and from pests that live in the ground.
Kao ciljane kulture prema (A) odn. kao biljni prirast prema (B) u obzir dolaze naročito kulture odn. prirast žita kao što su pšenica, ječam, raž, zob, riža, pšenica ili šećerni sijerak; repa, kao što je šećerna ili stočna repa; voće kao npr. koštunjavo voće i bobičasto voće, kao jabuke, kruške, šljive, breskve, bademi, trešnje ili bobice, npr. jagode, maline i kupine; mahunarke kao što su mahune, leća, grašak ili soja; uljarice kao što su repica, gorušica, mak, masline, suncokret, kokos, ricinus, kakao ili orasi; bundeve, krastavci ili dinje; vlaknasto bilje kao pamuk, lan, konoplja ili juta; citrs-plodovi kao narandže, limuni, grejp ili mandarine; povrće kao što je špinat, zelena salata, šparoge, vrste kelja, mrkva, luk, paradajz, krumpir ili paprika; lovorovo raslinje kao avokado, cimetnjak ili kamfor, duhan, orasi, kava, patliđani, šećerna trska, čaj, papar, vinova loza, hmelj, banane, prirodni kaućuk ili ukrasne biljke, u prvom redu žito, voće, mahunarke, krastavci, pamuk, citrus-plodovi, patliđani, vinova loza, hmelj ili ukrasno bilje, naročito breskve, mahune, grašak, krastavci, citrus-plodovi, vrste kelja, paradajz, krumpir ili patliđani, a posebno breskve, krastavci, paradajz ili krumpir. As target cultures according to (A) or as plant growth according to (B), especially crops or grain growth such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, wheat or sugar sorghum; beets, such as sugar or fodder beets; fruits such as stone fruits and berries such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries such as strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; legumes such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oilseeds such as rape, mustard, poppy, olive, sunflower, coconut, castor, cocoa or walnuts; pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibrous plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, types of kale, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or peppers; laurel plants such as avocado, cinnamon or camphor, tobacco, walnuts, coffee, aubergines, sugar cane, tea, pepper, vines, hops, bananas, natural rubber or ornamental plants, primarily grain, fruit, legumes, cucumbers, cotton, citrus fruits, eggplants, vines, hops or ornamental plants, especially peaches, pods, peas, cucumbers, citrus fruits, types of kale, tomatoes, potatoes or eggplants, and especially peaches, cucumbers, tomatoes or potatoes.
U okviru područja (A) odniosno (B) predmeta izuma naročito se mogu uništavati Within the area (A) or (B) of the subject of the invention, they can be destroyed in particular
a) aphis gossypii, bemisia tabci ili trialeurodes vaporariorum kod kultura paradajza odn. kod prirasta paradajza, a) aphis gossypii, bemisia tabci or trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato cultures or in tomato growth,
b) apis gossypii ili macrosiphum euphorbiae kod kultura krumpira odn. kod prirasta krumpira ili b) apis gossypii or macrosiphum euphorbiae in potato crops or in potato growth or
c) aphis gossypii, bemisia tabaci ili trialeurodes vaporariorum kod kultura krastavaca odn. na biljnom prirastu krastavaca. c) aphis gossypii, bemisia tabaci or trialeurodes vaporariorum in cucumber cultures or on the plant growth of cucumbers.
Daljnja područja primjene aktivnih tvari prema izumu su: zaštita zaliha ili skladišta ili pak materijala u području higijene, naročito zaštita domaćih i korisnih životinja od insekata prema (A) odn. štetnika prema (B). Further areas of application of active substances according to the invention are: protection of stocks or warehouses or materials in the field of hygiene, especially protection of domestic and useful animals from insects according to (A) or pests according to (B).
Izum se stoga odnosi na odgovarajuća sredstva, tj. sredstva za uništavanje insekata za primjenu prema (A) i sredstva za uništavanje štetnika za primjenu prema (B), koja se prema ciljevima i datim odnosima mogu birati između emulgirajućih koncentrata, suspenzionih koncentrata, otopine koje se raspršuju direktno na biljke ili se prethodno razrijede, paste za mazanje, razrijeđene emulzije, raspršujući prašak, topivi prah, dispergirajući prah, sredstva za prašenje, granulati ili mješavine u polimernim tvarima koje sadrže barem jednu od aktivnih tvari prema izumu, primjenu sredstva za uništavanje insekata za primjenu u postupku prema (A) i primjenu tih sredstava za uništavanje štetnika za primjenu u postupku prema (B). The invention therefore relates to suitable means, i.e. means for destroying insects for use according to (A) and means for destroying pests for use according to (B), which according to the objectives and given ratios can be chosen from emulsifying concentrates, suspension concentrates, solutions which are sprayed directly on the plants or are previously diluted, spreading pastes, diluted emulsions, dispersing powder, soluble powder, dispersing powder, dusting agents, granulates or mixtures in polymeric substances that contain at least one of the active substances according to the invention, the use of a destroying agent of insects for use in the procedure according to (A) and the use of those means for destroying pests for use in the procedure according to (B).
Aktivna tvar stavlja se u ta sredstva u čistom obliku, kruta aktivna tvar npr. u posebnoj veličini jezgre ili zajedno sa jednom od pomoćnih tvari koja je uobičajena u tehnici formulacije, kao što su aktivna punila, npr. otapala ili čvrste nosive tvari ili površinski aktivni spojevi (tenzidi). The active substance is placed in these means in pure form, a solid active substance, e.g. in a special core size, or together with one of the auxiliary substances that are common in the formulation technique, such as active fillers, e.g. solvents or solid carrier substances or surfactants compounds (surfactants).
Kao otapala u obzir mogu doći eventualno djelomično hidrirani aromatski ugljikovodici, preporučljivo frakcije C8 do C12 od alkilbenzola, kao što su ksilolne mješavine, alkilirani naftalin ili tetrahidronaftalin, alifatski ili cikloalifatski ugljikovidici kao što su parafin ili cikloheksan, alkoholi kao što su etanol, propanol ili butanol, glikoli kao i njihov eter i ester, kao što su propilenglikol, eter dipropilenglikola, etilenglikol ili etilenglikolmono-metil-ili-etil-eter, ketoni kao što su cikloheksanon, izoforon ili diaceton alkohol, jako polarna otapala kao N-metilpirolid-2-on, dimetilsulfoksid ili N,N-dimetilformamid, voda, eventualno epoksidirana biljna ulja, kao eventualno epoksidirano ulje repice, ricinusa, kokosovog oraha ili sojino ulje i silikonska ulja. Potentially partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably fractions C8 to C12 of alkylbenzene, such as xylene mixtures, alkylated naphthalene or tetrahydronaphthalene, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as paraffin or cyclohexane, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, glycols as well as their ethers and esters, such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol mono-methyl-or-ethyl-ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetone alcohol, highly polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolide-2 -one, dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide, water, possibly epoxidized vegetable oils, such as possibly epoxidized rapeseed, castor, coconut or soybean oil and silicone oils.
Kao čvrste nosive tvari, npr. za sredstva za prašenje i dispergirajuće praškove, u pravilu se koriste prirodna kamena brašna kao kalcit, talk, kaolin, montmorilonit ili atapulgit. Za poboljšanje fizikalnih svojstava mogu se dodati i visokodisperzne silicijeve kiseline ili visokodisperzni polimerizati sa sposobnošću upijanja. Kao adsorptivni nosači granulata u obzir dolaze porozne vrste, kao što je plovućac, lomljena opeka, sepiolit ili bentonit, a kao nesorptivni materijali kalcit ili pijesak. Osim toga može se koristiti još mnogo granuliranih materijala anorganske i organske prirode, naročito dolomit ili nasjeckani ostaci biljaka. As a rule, natural stone flours such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite are used as solid carriers, e.g. for dusting agents and dispersing powders. To improve the physical properties, highly dispersed silicic acids or highly dispersed polymers with absorbency can be added. Porous types, such as pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite, can be considered as adsorptive granulate carriers, and calcite or sand as non-absorbing materials. In addition, many other granular materials of an inorganic and organic nature can be used, especially dolomite or chopped plant residues.
Kao površinski aktivni spojevi, prema vrsti aktivne tvari koja se formulira, u obzir dolaze neionski, katjonski i/ili anorganski tenzidi ili mješavine tenzida sa dobrim svojstvima emulgiranja, dispergiranja i umrežavanja. Dolje navedeni tenzidi pri tome se trebaju smatrati samo primjerima; u stručnoj literaturi opisani su mnogi daljnji tenzidi koji su uobičajeni u tehnikama formuliranja i prikladni prema izumu. As surface-active compounds, depending on the type of active substance being formulated, non-ionic, cationic and/or inorganic surfactants or mixtures of surfactants with good emulsifying, dispersing and cross-linking properties come into consideration. The surfactants listed below should be considered as examples only; many further surfactants are described in the literature which are common in formulation techniques and suitable according to the invention.
Kao neionski tenzidi u obzir dolaze u prvom redu derivati poliglikoletera alifatskih ili cikloalifatskih alkohola, zasićenih ili nezasićenih masnih kiselina i alkilfenoli, koji mogu sadržavati 3 do 30 grupa glikoletera i 8 do 20 atoma ugljika u (alifatskom) ostatku ugljikovodika, te 6 do 18 atoma ugljika u alkilnom ostatku alkilfenola. As nonionic surfactants, polyglycolether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and alkylphenols come into consideration, which can contain 3 to 30 glycolether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon residue, and 6 to 18 atoms carbon in the alkyl residue of alkylphenol.
Nadalje su prikladni u vodi topivi adukti polietilenoksida koji sadrže 20 do 250 grupa etilenglikola i 10 do 100 grupa etera propilenglikola, ti adukti na polipropilenglikolu, etilendiaminopolipropilenglikolu i alkilpolipropilenglikolu sa 1 do 10 atoma ugljika u alkilnom lancu. Navedeni spojevi obično sadrže po jedinici propilenglikola 1 do 5 jedinica etilenglikola. Kao primjere navodimo nonilfenolpolietoksietanoli, poliglikol eter ricinusovog ulja, adukti polipropilen-polietilenoksida, tributilfenoksipolietoksietanol, polietilenglikol i oktilfenoksipolietoksietanol. Nadalje dolaze u obzir esteri masnih kiselina polioksietilensorbitana, kao što je polioksietilensorbitan-trioleat. Also suitable are water-soluble polyethylene oxide adducts containing 20 to 250 ethylene glycol groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups, and adducts on polypropylene glycol, ethylenediaminepolypropyleneglycol and alkylpolypropyleneglycol with 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. These compounds usually contain 1 to 5 units of ethylene glycol per unit of propylene glycol. Examples include nonylphenol polyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycol ether, polypropylene-polyethylene oxide adducts, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. Furthermore, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, come into consideration.
Kod katjonskih tenzida u prvom redu se radi o kvarternarnim amonijevim solimakoje kao supstituente imaju najmanje jedan alkilni ostatak sa 8 do 22 C-atoma, a kao daljnje supstituente niske, eventualno halogenirane ostatke alkila, benzila ili niske ostatke hidroksilalkila. Soli se nalaze uglavnom kao halogenidi, metilsulfati ili etilsulfati. Primjeri su stearil-trimetil-amonijev klorid i benzil-di-(2-kloretil)-etil-amonijev bromid. Cationic surfactants are primarily quaternary ammonium salts that have at least one alkyl residue with 8 to 22 C atoms as substituents, and as further substituents low, possibly halogenated alkyl, benzyl or low hydroxyl alkyl residues. Salts are found mainly as halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates. Examples are stearyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride and benzyl-di-(2-chloroethyl)-ethyl-ammonium bromide.
Prikladni anionski tenzidi mogu biti kako u vodi topivi sapuni, kao i u vodi topivi sintetski površinski aktivni spojevi. Kao sapuni prikladni su alkalnem, zemnoalkalne i eventualno supstituirane amonijeve soli viših masnih kiselina (C10-C22)kao što su natrijeve ili kalijeve soli oleinske ili stearinske kiseline ili od mješavina prirodnih masnih kiselina, koje se eventualno mogu dobiti iz ulja kokosovog oraha ili lojnog ulja; Suitable anionic surfactants can be both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Alkaline, alkaline earth and possibly substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C10-C22) are suitable as soaps, such as sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid or mixtures of natural fatty acids, which can possibly be obtained from coconut oil or tallow oil. ;
Nadalje spominjemo i metil-taurin soli masnih kiselina. No, češće se koriste sintetski tenzidi, naročito sulfonati masnih kiselina, sulfati masnih kiselina, sulfonirani derivati benzimidazola ili alkilarilsulfonati. Sulfonati i sulfati masnih kiselina nalaze se u pravilu kao alkalne, zemnoalkalne ili eventualno supstituirane amonijeve soli i općenito imaju jedan alkilni ostatak sa 8 do 22 C-atoma, pri čemu alkil obuhvaća i alkilni dio acilnih ostataka; kao primjere navodimo natrijeve ili kalcijeve soli ligninsulfonske kiseline estera dodecilne sumporne kiseline ili sulfatna mješavina masnog alkohola, dobivena iz prirodnih masnih kiselina. Tu spadaju i soli estera sumporne kiseline i sulfonske kiseline adukta etilenoksida masnog alkohola. Sulfonirani derivati benzimidazola sadrže 2 grupe sulfonske kiseline i jedan ostatak masne kiseline sa oko 8 do 22 C-atoma. Alkilarilni sulfonati su na primjer natrijeve, kalcijeve ili trietanolamonijeve soli sulfonske kiseline dodecilbenzola, sulfonske kiseline dibutilnaftalina ili kondenzacijskoh proizvoda naftalinsulfonske kiseline-formaldehida. Nadalje dolaze u obzir odgovarajući fosfati, kao što su soli estera fosforne kiseline adukta p-nonilfenol-( 4-14 )-etilenoksida ili fosfolipidi. We also mention methyl-taurine salts of fatty acids. However, synthetic surfactants are more often used, especially sulfonates of fatty acids, sulfates of fatty acids, sulfonated derivatives of benzimidazole or alkylarylsulfonates. Fatty acid sulfonates and sulfates are generally found as alkaline, alkaline earth or possibly substituted ammonium salts and generally have one alkyl residue with 8 to 22 C-atoms, whereby alkyl also includes the alkyl part of acyl residues; as examples, we cite sodium or calcium salts of ligninsulfonic acid esters of dodecyl sulfuric acid or a sulfate mixture of fatty alcohol, obtained from natural fatty acids. This also includes salts of sulfuric acid esters and sulfonic acid adducts of fatty alcohol ethylene oxide. Sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives contain 2 sulfonic acid groups and one fatty acid residue with about 8 to 22 C-atoms. Alkylaryl sulfonates are, for example, sodium, calcium, or triethanolammonium salts of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, or naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products. Suitable phosphates, such as phosphoric acid ester salts of p-nonylphenol-(4-14)-ethylene oxide adducts or phospholipids, are also suitable.
Sredstva u pravilu sadrže 0,1 do 99%, naročito 0,1 do 95% aktivne tvari i 1 do 99,9%, naročito 5 do 99,9%, najmanje jedne čvrste ili tekuće pomoćne tvari, pri čemu u pravilu 0 do 25%, naročito 0,1 do 20% sredstva mogu biti tenzidi (% znači težinski postotak). Dok se kao trgovačka roba prije mogu dobiti koncentrirana sredstva, krajnji korisnik u pravilu koristi razrijeđena sredstva, koja imaju mnogo manje koncentracije aktivne tvari. Poželjna sredstva uglavnom se sastoje kako slijedi (% = težinski postotak): As a rule, the agents contain 0.1 to 99%, especially 0.1 to 95% of the active substance and 1 to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%, of at least one solid or liquid auxiliary substance, whereby as a rule 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to 20% of the agent can be surfactants (% means percentage by weight). While concentrated means can be obtained as commercial goods, the end user as a rule uses diluted means, which have a much lower concentration of the active substance. Preferred agents mainly consist as follows (% = weight percentage):
Emulgirajući koncentrati: Emulsifying concentrates:
Aktivna tvar: 1 do 90%, uglavnom 5 do 20% Active substance: 1 to 90%, mostly 5 to 20%
Tenzidi: 1 do 30%, uglavnom 10 do 20% Surfactants: 1 to 30%, mostly 10 to 20%
Otapalo: 5 do 98%, uglavnom 70 do 85% Solvent: 5 to 98%, mostly 70 to 85%
Sredstva za prašenje: Detergents:
Aktivna tvar: 0,1 do 10%, uglavnom 0,1 do 1% Active substance: 0.1 to 10%, mostly 0.1 to 1%
Čvrsta nosiva tvar: 99,9 do 90%, uglavnom 99,9 do 99% Solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, mostly 99.9 to 99%
Koncentrati suspenzija: Suspension concentrates:
Aktivna tvar: 5 do 75%, uglavnom 10 do 50% Active substance: 5 to 75%, mostly 10 to 50%
Voda: 94 do 24%, uglavnom 88 do 30% Water: 94 to 24%, mostly 88 to 30%
Tenzidi: 1 do 40%, uglavnom 2 do 30% Surfactants: 1 to 40%, mostly 2 to 30%
Prašak za ovlaživanje: Moisturizing powder:
Aktivna tvar: 0,5 do 90%, uglavnom 1 do 80% Active substance: 0.5 to 90%, mostly 1 to 80%
Tenzid: 0,5 do 20%, uglavnom 1 do 15% Surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, mostly 1 to 15%
Čvrsta nosiva tvar: 5 do 99%, uglavnom 15 do 98% Solid carrier: 5 to 99%, mostly 15 to 98%
Granulati: Granules:
Aktivna tvar: 0,5 do 30%, uglavnom 3 do 15% Active substance: 0.5 to 30%, mostly 3 to 15%
Čvrsta nosiva tvar: 99,5 do 70%, uglavnom 97 do85% Solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, mostly 97 to 85%
Djelovanje sredstava prema izumu može se bitno proširiti dodatkom drugih aktivnih tvari koje djeluju insekticidno, akaricidno i/ili fungicidno, te prilagoditi datim okolnostima. Kao dodaci aktivnim tvarima pri tome dolaze u obzir npr. reprezentanti slijedećih kategorija aktivnih tvari: organski fosforni spojevi, nitrofenoli i derivati, formamidini, uree, karbamati, piretroidi, klorirani ugljikovodici i preparati bacillus thuringiensis. The action of the agents according to the invention can be significantly expanded by the addition of other active substances that have an insecticidal, acaricidal and/or fungicidal effect, and can be adapted to the given circumstances. As additives to active substances, for example, representatives of the following categories of active substances come into consideration: organic phosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives, formamidines, urea, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and preparations of bacillus thuringiensis.
Sredstva prema izumu mogu sadržavati daljnje čvrste ili tekuće pomoćne tvari kao što su stabilizatori, npr. eventualno epoksidirana biljna ulja (npr. epoksidirano ulje kokosovog oraha, repice ili sojino ulje), otpjenjivače, npr. silikonsko ulje, sredstva za konzerviranje, regulatore viskoziteta, veziva i/ili sredstva za prianjanje, kao i gnojiva ili druge aktivne tvari za postizavanje posebnih efekata, npr. baktericide, nematicide, moluskicide ili selektivne herbicide. The agents according to the invention may contain further solid or liquid auxiliary substances such as stabilizers, e.g. possibly epoxidized vegetable oils (e.g. epoxidized coconut oil, canola or soybean oil), release agents, e.g. silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or adhesives, as well as fertilizers or other active substances for achieving special effects, eg bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides or selective herbicides.
Sredstva prema izumu dobivaju se na poznat način, bez pomoćnih tvari, npr. mljevenjem i/ili prosijavanjem npr. na određenu veličinu zrna ili prešanjem čvrste aktivne tvari, a u prisustvu najmanje jedne pomoćne tvari npr. dobrim miješanjem i/ili mljevenjem aktivne tvari sa pomoćnom tvari. Ti postupci za proizvodnju sredstava prema izumu i primjena spojeva 1 za proizvodnju tih sredstava, također čine predmete izuma. The agents according to the invention are obtained in a known manner, without auxiliary substances, for example by grinding and/or sieving, for example, to a certain grain size or by pressing the solid active substance, and in the presence of at least one auxiliary substance, for example, by mixing and/or grinding the active substance with the auxiliary substance well substances. These methods for the production of agents according to the invention and the application of compounds 1 for the production of these agents also form the subject of the invention.
Kao postupak primjene za sredstva prema (A), dakle kao postupak za suzbijanje insekata prema (A), prema željenim ciljevima i datim okolnostima, u obzir dolaze npr. prskanje, zamagljivanje, prašenje, prevlašenje, posipavanje ili zalijevanje. Tipične koncentracije za primjenu pri tome su između 0,1 i 1000 ppm, poželjno između 0,1 i 500 ppm aktivne tvari. Naročito se koriste tekućine za prskanje sa koncentracijom aktivne tvari od 50, 100, 200, 300 ili 500 ppm. Utrošene količine po hektaru iznose općenito 1 do 2000 g aktivne tvari po hektaru, poželjno 10 do 1000 g/ha, uglavnom 20 do 600 g/ha. Preporučaju se količine od 100, 200, 250, 300, 400 ili 450 g aktivne tvari po hektaru. Kod aplikacija na stablima uzimaju se količine od 0.25, 0.75, 1.0 ili 2.0 g aktivne tvari po stablu. Poželjni postupak primjene za sredstvo prema (A) je nanošenje na lišće biljke (aplikacija na list), pri čemu se frekvencija aplikacije i količina mogu usmjeriti na one insekte koji su biljku napali. Aktivna tvar može dospjeti do biljke i kroz korijenje (sistemsko djelovanje), pri čemu se zemlja na kojoj rastu biljke, natopi sa tekućim sredstvom ili se aktivna tvar u čvrstom obliku stavi u zemlju, npr. u obliku granulata (aplikacija na zemljište). Kod rižinih kultura, takovi granulati mogu se dozirati u preplavljeno rižino polje. As an application procedure for means according to (A), i.e. as a procedure for controlling insects according to (A), according to the desired goals and given circumstances, e.g. spraying, misting, dusting, covering, sprinkling or watering come into consideration. Typical concentrations for application are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm of the active substance. In particular, spray liquids with an active substance concentration of 50, 100, 200, 300 or 500 ppm are used. Amounts used per hectare are generally 1 to 2000 g of active substance per hectare, preferably 10 to 1000 g/ha, mostly 20 to 600 g/ha. Amounts of 100, 200, 250, 300, 400 or 450 g of active substance per hectare are recommended. For applications on trees, quantities of 0.25, 0.75, 1.0 or 2.0 g of active substance per tree are taken. The preferred method of application for the agent according to (A) is application to the leaves of the plant (foliar application), whereby the frequency of application and the amount can be directed to those insects that have attacked the plant. The active substance can also reach the plant through the roots (systemic action), whereby the soil on which the plants grow is soaked with a liquid agent or the active substance is placed in the soil in a solid form, e.g. in the form of granules (land application). In the case of rice crops, such granulates can be dosed into a flooded rice field.
Postupci primjene za sredstva za uništavanje štetnika prema (B), dakle postupak za zaštitu biljnog prirasta, koji je prema izumu svaki biljni materijal iz kojeg se nakon nicanja na mjestu nasada mogu razviti potpune biljke, npr. klice, rizomi, mladice, sadnice ili posebno sjeme, kao što su plodovi, gomolji, zrna ili luk/ naročito su npr. naznačeni time, da se odgovarajuća sredstva apliciraju na način, da se aplikacija vrši blizu mjesta klijanja odn. nasada ili na samom mjestu nicanja biljaka. Pri tome se takova aplikacija vrši prema izumu, poželjno prije izbijanja ili klijanja biljaka, apliciranjem sredstva direktno na tlo klijanja, u brazde ili na usko ograničenu površinu oko mjesta klijanja ili nicanja bilja, pri čemu se aplikacija na tlo prema (B) provodi na analogan način ka aplikacija na tlo prema (A). Application procedures for means for destroying pests according to (B), i.e. a procedure for protecting plant growth, which according to the invention is any plant material from which complete plants can develop after sprouting at the planting site, for example sprouts, rhizomes, saplings, seedlings or especially seeds, such as fruits, tubers, grains or onions/ are particularly indicated, for example, by applying the appropriate means in such a way that the application is made close to the place of germination or plantation or at the very place of plant emergence. At the same time, such an application is carried out according to the invention, preferably before the emergence or germination of the plants, by applying the agent directly to the germination soil, in furrows or on a narrowly limited area around the place of germination or sprouting of plants, while the application to the soil according to (B) is carried out analogously method of application to the ground according to (A).
Aplikacija odgovarajućeg sredstva koja se vrši na mjesto nicanja ili klijanja, prema izumu se treba shvatiti tako, da će prethodno tim sredstvom tretirano sjeme ili sl. niknuti na tom mjestu, pri čemu se prema željenim ciljevima i datim odnosima prethodno tretiranje može vršiti tako, da se sjeme, sadnice i sl. sa tim sredstvima poprska, zamagli, premaže, posipa ili zalije, a u slučaju sjemena, sjeme se time jetka. Kod jetkanja sjemena prema izumu, tj. kod suhog, vlažnog, mokrog ili plavljenog jetkanja, sjemenu se prije klijanja u prikladnoj aparaturi za jetkanje doda prikladno sredstvo za suzbijanje štetnika prema (B) i sredstvo se npr. miješanjem sadržaja aparature za jetkanje i/ili rotiranjem i/ili mućkanjem čitave aparature, ravnomjerno rasporedi po sjemenu. Posebni oblici izvedbe takovog jetkanja su npr. naznačeni time, da se sjeme natopi u tekućem sredstvu, da se na njega nanese sloj čvrstog sredstva (nanošenje sloja na sjeme; Seed Coating) ili se dodavanjem sredstva u vodu koja se koristi za bubrenje sjemena, postiže prodiranje aktivne tvari u sjeme (bubrenje sjemenja; Seed Soaking). According to the invention, the application of a suitable agent to the place of sprouting or germination should be understood so that the seed or similar previously treated with that agent will sprout in that place, and according to the desired goals and the given conditions, the previous treatment can be carried out in such a way that seeds, seedlings, etc. are sprayed, misted, coated, sprinkled or watered with these agents, and in the case of seeds, the seeds are etched. When etching seeds according to the invention, i.e. with dry, wet, wet or flooded etching, a suitable pest control agent according to (B) is added to the seed before germination in a suitable etching apparatus and the agent is, for example, mixed with the contents of the etching apparatus and/or by rotating and/or shaking the entire apparatus, distribute it evenly among the seeds. Special forms of such etching are indicated, for example, by soaking the seed in a liquid agent, applying a layer of solid agent to it (seed coating) or by adding the agent to the water used to swell the seed, it is achieved penetration of the active substance into the seed (swelling of seeds; Seed Soaking).
Kod jetkanja sjemena prema izumu, tipične količine za korištena sredstva su npr. između 0,1 i 20 g aktivne tvari po kg sjemena, naročito između 0,5 i 15 g/kg, preporučljivo između 1 i 10 g/kg, dok kod ostalih postupaka primjene prema (B) kao tipične koncentracije i količine u obzir dolaze one, koje će se u daljnjem tekstu navesti za postupak primjene prema (A). When etching seeds according to the invention, typical amounts for the agents used are, for example, between 0.1 and 20 g of active substance per kg of seed, especially between 0.5 and 15 g/kg, preferably between 1 and 10 g/kg, while for others of the application procedure according to (B), as typical concentrations and quantities, those that will be specified in the following text for the application procedure according to (A) come into consideration.
Jetkanje sjemena prema izumu odlikuje se naročito time, da se zbog male toksičnosti korištene aktivne tvari, kod ptica promatrala dobra tolerancija prema jetkanom sjemenju, npr. kod ptica koje u slobodnoj prirodi kao otimači sjemenja naginju tome, da uzimaju sjeme sa svježe zasijanih polja, kao što su žuta strnadica, kosovi, drozdovi, patke, fazani, zebe, guske, konopljarke, kokoši, vrane, ševe, sjenice, galebovi, gavrani, trčke, golubi grivnjaši, češljugari ili golubovi. Jetkanje sjemenja prema izumu obuhvaća i jetkanje zaliha sjemena. The etching of seeds according to the invention is particularly distinguished by the fact that due to the low toxicity of the active substance used, a good tolerance to etched seeds was observed in birds, for example in birds that tend to take seeds from freshly sown fields in the wild as seed snatchers, such as which are yellow buntings, blackbirds, thrushes, ducks, pheasants, finches, geese, warblers, hens, crows, larks, warblers, gulls, ravens, grebes, wood pigeons, goldfinches or pigeons. The etching of seeds according to the invention also includes the etching of seed stocks.
Prema izumu prethodno tretirane biljke odn. biljni prirast čini daljnji predmet izuma. According to the invention, previously treated plants or plant growth constitutes a further subject of the invention.
Naredni primjeri služe za objašnjenje izuma. Oni ne ograničavaju izum. Temperature su date u stupnjevima Celzijusa. The following examples serve to explain the invention. They do not limit the invention. Temperatures are given in degrees Celsius.
Primjeri formulacija (%=težinski postotak) Examples of formulations (%=weight percentage)
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Otopine su prikladne za primjenu u obliku najmanjim kapljicama. Solutions are suitable for application in the form of the smallest drops.
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Aktivna tvar rastvori se u diklormetanu, otopina se rasprši na nosač i otapalo se na kraju ispari u vakuumu. The active substance is dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution is sprayed onto the carrier and the solvent is finally evaporated in a vacuum.
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Dobrim miješanjem nosivih tvari sa aktivnim tvarima dobiva se sredstvo za prašenje gotovo za upotrebu. A good mixing of carrier substances with active substances results in a ready-to-use dusting agent.
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Aktivna tvar se pomiješa sa dodatnim tvarima i mješavina se samelje u prikladnom mlinu. Dobiva se prašak za štrcanje, koji se sa vodom može razrijediti u suspenzije svake željene koncentracije. The active substance is mixed with additional substances and the mixture is ground in a suitable mill. A sprayable powder is obtained, which can be diluted with water into suspensions of any desired concentration.
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Sredstvo za posipavanje gotovo za upotrebu dobiva se tako, da se aktivna tvar pomiješa sa nosivom tvari i mješavina se samelje u prikladnom mlinu. The ready-to-use sprinkler is obtained by mixing the active substance with the carrier substance and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
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Aktivna tvar pomiješa se sa dodatnim tvarima i mješavina se samelje, te navlaži vodom. Vlažna mješavina se ekstrudira i granulira, a granulat se na kraju suši u struji zraka. The active substance is mixed with additional substances and the mixture is ground and moistened with water. The wet mixture is extruded and granulated, and the granulate is finally dried in a stream of air.
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Fino mljevena aktivna tvar se u mješalici ravnomjerno nanese na kaolin navlažen polietilenglikolom. Na taj način dobivaju se granulati sa ovojem, bez prašine. The finely ground active substance is evenly applied to kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol in a mixer. In this way, granulates with a coating are obtained, without dust.
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Fino mljevena aktivna tvar dobro se pomiješa sa dodatnim tvarima. Tako se dobiva koncentrat suspenzije, iz kojeg se razrijeđivanjem sa vodom mogu dobiti suspenzije svake željene koncentracije. The finely ground active substance is well mixed with additional substances. Thus, a suspension concentrate is obtained, from which, by diluting with water, suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained.
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Iz takovih koncentracija mogu se razrjeđivanjem sa vodom dobiti emulzije svake željene koncentracije. Emulsions of any desired concentration can be obtained from such concentrations by diluting them with water.
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Aktivna tvar pomiješa se sa dodatnim tvarima i mješavina se samelje u odgovarajućem mlinu. Dobiva se prašak za prskanje, koji se sa vodom može razrijediti u suspenziju svake željene koncentracije. The active substance is mixed with additional substances and the mixture is ground in a suitable mill. A spray powder is obtained, which can be diluted with water into a suspension of any desired concentration.
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Iz ovog koncentrata mogu se razrjeđivanjem sa vodom dobiti emulzije svake željene koncentracije. Emulsions of any desired concentration can be obtained from this concentrate by diluting it with water.
Biološki primjeri (% = težinski postotak, ukoliko nije drugačije navedeno) Biological examples (% = weight percentage, unless otherwise stated)
Primjer B1: djelovanje protiv bemisia tabaci Example B1: activity against bemisia tabaci
Grmaste mahunarke stave se u kaveze od gaze i na njih se stave adulti bemisia tabaci. Nakon izlijeganja jajašca, svi adulti se odstrane. Nakon 10 dana se biljke na kojima se nalaze čahure, poprskaju sa vodenom suspenzijom koja sadrži 50 ppm aktivne tvari. Bush legumes are placed in cheesecloth cages and adults of bemisia tabaci are placed on them. After the eggs hatch, all adults are removed. After 10 days, the plants with the cocoons are sprayed with an aqueous suspension containing 50 ppm of the active substance.
Nakon daljnjih 14 dana izračunava se postotak odloženih jajašca u usporedbi sa netretiranim biljkama. Spojevi formule I pokazuju u ovom testu 100% djelovanja. After a further 14 days, the percentage of laid eggs is calculated compared to untreated plants. The compounds of formula I show 100% activity in this test.
Primjer B2: djelovanje protiv nilaparvata lugens Example B2: activity against Nilaparvata lugens
Biljke riže stare dva tjedna tretiraju se sa vodenom suspenzijom koja sadrži 50 ppm aktivne tvari. Nakon sušenja naslage prskanja, na biljke se stave čahure nilaparvata lugens i ostave se 14 dana stajati na temperaturi od 28°. Na kraju se vrši valorizacija. Iz usporedbe broja svježe položenih čahura sljedeće generacije na tretiranim i netretiranim biljkama, određuje se redukcija u postocima slijedeće generacije (% djelovanja). Spojevi formule I pokazuju u ovom testu 100% djelovanja. Two-week-old rice plants are treated with an aqueous suspension containing 50 ppm of the active substance. After drying the spray layer, nilaparvata lugens cocoons are placed on the plants and left to stand for 14 days at a temperature of 28°. At the end, valorization is carried out. From a comparison of the number of freshly laid cocoons of the next generation on treated and untreated plants, the percentage reduction of the next generation (% effect) is determined. The compounds of formula I show 100% activity in this test.
Primjer 3: djelovanje jetkanja protiv nilaparvata lugens Example 3: action of etching against Nilaparvata lugens
U staklenu bocu ili posudu od plastične mase stavi se 100 g sjemena riže i toliko formulacije aktivne tvari, da se postigne odnos od 0.1 ili 10 g aktivne tvari po kg sjemena. Rotiranjem i/ili mućkanjem sadržaja, aktivna tvar se ravnomjerno raspodjeli na površini sjemena. Tako jetkano sjeme posije se u lonce za cvijeće. Mlade biljke se nakon nicanja 2 tjedna kultiviraju u stakleniku, a potom se premjeste u cilindre od pleksi stakla i na njih se stavi po 20 čahura (N-3) nilaparvata lugens. Cilindri se prekriju mrežom. 5 dana nakon stavljanja čahura vrši se valorizacija. Iz usporedbe broja preživjelih individua na biljkama niklim iz jetkanog sjemena i onima niklim iz nejetkanog sjemena, određuje se redukcija populacije u postocima (% djelovanja). Spojevi formule I pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. 100 g of rice seeds and enough of the formulation of the active substance are placed in a glass bottle or container made of plastic, to achieve a ratio of 0.1 or 10 g of the active substance per kg of seed. By rotating and/or shaking the contents, the active substance is evenly distributed on the surface of the seed. Sown seeds are sown in flower pots. After germination, young plants are cultivated for 2 weeks in a greenhouse, and then they are moved to Plexiglas cylinders and 20 cocoons (N-3) of Nilaparvata lugens are placed on them. The cylinders are covered with a net. Valorization takes place 5 days after placing the cocoons. From the comparison of the number of surviving individuals on plants sprouted from etched seeds and those sprouted from unetched seeds, the reduction of the population in percentages (% effect) is determined. The compounds of formula I show good activity in this test.
Primjer B4: djelovanje jetkanja protiv aphis fabae Example B4: action of etching against aphis fabae
U staklenu bocu ili plastičnu posudu stavi se 100 g sjemena graha i toliko formulacije aktivne tvari, da se postigne odnos od 0.1,1 ili 10 g aktivne tvari po kg sjemena. Rotiranjem i/ili mućkanjem sadržaja, aktivna tvar se ravnomjerno rasporedi po površini sjemena. Tako jetkano sjeme posije se u lonce za cvijeće (3 sjemena po loncu). Mlade biljke kultiviraju se u stakleniku kod 25 do 30°, do stadija od 2 lista, a potom se na njih stavi aphis fabae. 6 dana nakon toga, vrši se valorizacija. Iz usporedbe broja preživjelih individua na biljkama niklim iz jetkanog sjemena i onima niklim iz nejetkanog sjemena, određuje se redukcija populacije u postocima In a glass bottle or plastic container, put 100 g of bean seeds and enough of the formulation of the active substance to achieve a ratio of 0.1, 1 or 10 g of the active substance per kg of seed. By rotating and/or shaking the contents, the active substance is evenly distributed over the surface of the seed. The seeds so etched are sown in flower pots (3 seeds per pot). Young plants are cultivated in a greenhouse at 25 to 30°, until the stage of 2 leaves, and then aphis fabae is placed on them. 6 days after that, valorization takes place. From a comparison of the number of surviving individuals on plants sprouted from etched seeds and those sprouted from unetched seeds, the population reduction in percentages is determined
(% djelovanje). (% impact).
Primjer B5: djelovanje jetkanja protiv myzus persicae Example B5: action of etching against myzus persicae
U staklenu bocu ili plastičnu posudu stavi se 100 g sjemena šećerne repice i toliko formulacije u obliku paste aktivne tvari dobivene iz praška i malo vode, da se postigne odnos od 0.1,1 ili 10 g aktivne tvari po kg sjemena. Zatvorena posuda za jetkanje tako dugo se giba na pokretnom stolu, dok se pasta ravnomjerno ne rasporedi na površini sjemena. Tako jetkano (prevučeno slojem) sjeme se suši i posadi u lonce sa laporastom zemljom. Klice se kultiviraju u stakleniku kod 24 do 26°, relativne vlage zraka od 50 do 60% i uz osvjetljivanje 14 sati dnevno. 4 tjedna nakon klijanja, na 10 cm visoke biljke stavi se miješana populacija myzus persicae. 2 i 7 dana nakon toga, vrši se valorizacija. Iz broja preživjelih individua niklih iz jetkanog sjemena i onih niklih iz nejetkanog sjemena, određuje se redukcija populacije u postocima (% djelovanja). Spojevi formule I pokazuju u ovom testu dobro djelovanje. In a glass bottle or plastic container, put 100 g of sugar cane seeds and enough of the formulation in the form of a paste of the active substance obtained from the powder and a little water, to achieve a ratio of 0.1, 1 or 10 g of the active substance per kg of seed. The closed etching container moves on the moving table for a long time, until the paste is evenly distributed on the surface of the seed. The so-etched (coated) seeds are dried and planted in pots with marly soil. Germs are cultivated in a greenhouse at 24 to 26°, relative air humidity of 50 to 60% and with lighting 14 hours a day. 4 weeks after germination, a mixed population of myzus persicae is placed on 10 cm tall plants. 2 and 7 days after that, valorization takes place. From the number of surviving individuals sprouted from etched seeds and those sprouted from unetched seeds, the population reduction is determined in percentages (% effect). The compounds of formula I show good activity in this test.
Claims (31)
Priority Applications (1)
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HRP950057 HRP950057A2 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 1995-02-08 | Process for protecting and keeping objects made of natural materials, particularly artistic works |
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HRP950057 HRP950057A2 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 1995-02-08 | Process for protecting and keeping objects made of natural materials, particularly artistic works |
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HRP950057A2 true HRP950057A2 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
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HRP950057 HRP950057A2 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 1995-02-08 | Process for protecting and keeping objects made of natural materials, particularly artistic works |
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HR (1) | HRP950057A2 (en) |
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1995
- 1995-02-08 HR HRP950057 patent/HRP950057A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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