HRP931524A2 - Running gear springing of railway vehicles - Google Patents

Running gear springing of railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
HRP931524A2
HRP931524A2 HR931524A HRP931524A HRP931524A2 HR P931524 A2 HRP931524 A2 HR P931524A2 HR 931524 A HR931524 A HR 931524A HR P931524 A HRP931524 A HR P931524A HR P931524 A2 HRP931524 A2 HR P931524A2
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elasticity
elastic elements
fact
bell
rubber
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HR931524A
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Croatian (hr)
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Franz-Joseph Collienne
Leonard Corsten
Johannes Nicolin
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Talbot Waggonfab
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Priority claimed from DE19863606325 external-priority patent/DE3606325A1/en
Application filed by Talbot Waggonfab filed Critical Talbot Waggonfab
Publication of HRP931524A2 publication Critical patent/HRP931524A2/en

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Description

Izum se odnosi na elastičnost pokretnog mehanizma za tračna vozila s najmanje dva gumena kuglična elastična elementa koji su uvijek smješteni između jednog probojca i jednog zvona. The invention relates to the elasticity of the moving mechanism for rail vehicles with at least two rubber spherical elastic elements that are always located between one punch and one bell.

Elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma prethodno opisane vrste poznate su. Njihov nedostatak je to da kuglični elastični element ima ograničen opružni hod u okomitom smjeru, tj. u smjeru svog kugličnog kretanja između probojca i zvona i osim toga je vrlo krut poprečno na ovaj glavni smjer elastičnosti. Ovo proizlazi iz toga što je u ovom smjeru naprezanje materijala gumenog kugličnog elementa pretežno tlačno. Osim toga elastično djelovanje u svim smjerovima poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti jednako je. The elasticities of the moving mechanism of the previously described type are known. Their disadvantage is that the ball elastic element has a limited spring travel in the vertical direction, i.e. in the direction of its ball movement between the punch and the bell and is furthermore very stiff transverse to this main direction of elasticity. This results from the fact that in this direction the material stress of the rubber ball element is predominantly compressive. In addition, the elastic action in all directions transverse to the main direction of elasticity is equal.

Kod takovih elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma s jedne strane može biti štetno ograničenje opružnog hoda u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti, a s druge strane za radno ponašanje tračnog vozila naročito nepovoljno je i nedovoljno elastično djelovanje koje je jednako u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila, jer nije moguće optimalno ublaženje i prigušenje naročito bočnih udaraca kotača u tračnice. With such elasticities of the moving mechanism, on the one hand, there can be a harmful limitation of the spring travel in the main direction of elasticity, and on the other hand, insufficient elastic action that is equal in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle is particularly unfavorable for the working behavior of the tracked vehicle, because optimal damping is not possible and damping, especially of lateral impacts of the wheels on the rails.

Također kod poznatih sklopova nije moguće radijalno namještanje pokretnih mehanizama ili slogova kotača kod vožnje u zavoju. Prema tome kod poznatih sklopova ne zadovoljava niti udobnost pri vožnji niti ponašanje glede trošenja. Also, with known assemblies, it is not possible to radially adjust the moving mechanisms or wheel joints when driving in a turn. Therefore, in the case of known circuits, it does not satisfy either driving comfort or behavior in terms of wear.

Da bi se izbjegli nedostaci uvodno opisane elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma, poznat je velik broj konstrukcija kod kojih su gumeni kuglični elementi kombinirani s gumenim slojevitim elastičnim elementima, čeličnim oprugama, pneumatskim elastičnim elementima i mehanizmima upravljača odnosno poluga, da bi se gumeni kuglični elastični element, koji je određen kao glavni element elastičnosti, mogao uvesti sa svojim pozitivnim svojstvima, a izbjegli njegovi nedostaci glede njegove krutosti u smjeru poprečnom na glavni smjer elastičnosti. In order to avoid the shortcomings of the elasticity of the moving mechanism described in the introduction, a large number of constructions are known in which rubber ball elements are combined with rubber layered elastic elements, steel springs, pneumatic elastic elements and steering mechanisms or levers, in order to make the rubber ball elastic element, which was determined as the main element of elasticity, could be introduced with its positive properties, and avoid its shortcomings regarding its stiffness in the direction transverse to the main direction of elasticity.

Osnovni zadatak izuma je stvoriti elastičnost pokretnog mehanizma s najmanje dva gumena kuglična elastična elementa, koji uz to osiguravaju i što je moguće manji izdatak za optimalnu mogućnost namještanja pokretnih mehanizama u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila i koji imaju veći opružni hod u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti. The basic task of the invention is to create the elasticity of the moving mechanism with at least two rubber spherical elastic elements, which in addition ensure as little expenditure as possible for the optimal possibility of adjusting the moving mechanisms in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle and which have a greater spring travel in the main direction of elasticity.

Rješenje ovog postavljenog zadatka naznačeno je izumom time da je probojac, koji je uvijek smješten između dva susjedna gumena kuglična elementa, spojen sa zvonom koje je jednako tako smješteno između ova dva gumena kuglična elastična elementa, na tako da ovi međusobno spojeni dijelovi mogu, pored kretanja u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti, dodatno izvesti njihanje oko proizvoljne osi koja je poprečna na glavni smjer elastičnosti. The solution to this task is indicated by the invention in that the punch, which is always placed between two adjacent rubber spherical elements, is connected to the bell, which is also placed between these two rubber spherical elastic elements, so that these interconnected parts can, in addition to moving in the main direction of elasticity, additionally carry out oscillation around an arbitrary axis that is transverse to the main direction of elasticity.

S ovom konstrukcijom prema izumu dobiva se serijski spoj gumenih kugličnih elemenata, kojim se s jedna strane povećava njihov opružni hod u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti, a s druge strane stvara se mogućnost utjecaja na krutosti koje djeluju poprečno uz to, dok se međusobno spojeni dijelovi (zvono i probojac) mogu zakretati oko osi koja je okomita na glavni smjer elastičnosti. Ovo zakretanje ostvaruje naprezanje obaju gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata uglavnom smično, pri čemu ovo smično naprezanje dovodi do manje krutosti nego tlačno naprezanje gumenog kugličnog elastičnog elementa, tako da je kombinacija elastičnih elemenata mekša poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti. Naročito se, preko učinkovitih dužina krakova poluge, može prilagođivati krutost elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti i prilagoditi dotičnim zahtjevima. With this construction according to the invention, a serial connection of rubber ball elements is obtained, which on the one hand increases their spring travel in the main direction of elasticity, and on the other hand creates the possibility of influencing the stiffnesses that act transversely to it, while the interconnected parts (bell and punch) can rotate around an axis that is perpendicular to the main direction of elasticity. This rotation achieves the stress of both rubber ball elastic elements mainly in shear, whereby this shear stress leads to less stiffness than the compressive stress of the rubber ball elastic element, so that the combination of elastic elements is softer transversely to the main direction of elasticity. In particular, through the effective lengths of the lever arms, the elasticity stiffness of the moving mechanism can be adjusted transversely to the main direction of elasticity and adapted to the relevant requirements.

Da bi se kod elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma prema izumu stvorile različite krutosti u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila, prema jednoj od daljih značajki izuma najmanje jedan od gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata ima oblik koji odstupa od kružnog oblika prstena. In order to create different stiffnesses in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle with the elasticity of the moving mechanism according to the invention, according to one of the further features of the invention at least one of the rubber ball elastic elements has a shape that deviates from the circular shape of the ring.

Isti rezultat može se postići ako se prema izumu najmanje dva sklopa gumenih kugličnih elemenata, koji djeluju paralelno, smjeste jedan pored drugog, pri čemu su probojci i zvona, koji su uvijek međusobno spojeni, sa svoje strane međusobno spojeni preko grede osigurane momentima. The same result can be achieved if, according to the invention, at least two sets of rubber ball elements, which act in parallel, are placed next to each other, whereby the punches and bells, which are always connected to each other, are connected to each other via a beam secured by moments.

Prema jednoj daljoj izvedbi prema izumu greda može biti izvedena elastično, odnosno elastično spojena s najmanje jednim od zvona. [to je greda, odnosno spoj izveden elastičnije, to je mekši sklop elastičnih elemenata u uzdužnom smjeru grede, tj. prvenstveno u uzdužnom smjeru vozila. According to a further embodiment according to the invention, the beam can be made elastically, i.e. elastically connected to at least one of the bells. [it is a beam, i.e. a joint made more elastic, it is a softer set of elastic elements in the longitudinal direction of the beam, i.e. primarily in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Dalja mogućnost prilagođenja krutosti elastičnih elemenata poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti sastoji se prema izumu u tome da je pokretljivost zvona, koje je spojeno s probojcem, ograničena graničnicima u ravnini poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti. Što je mogućnost pokretanja zvona veća, to je mekši sklop elastičnih elemenata u ovom smjeru. Također, na ovaj način mogu se prema tome postići različite krutosti u ravnini kod jednakog opterećenja sklopa elastičnih elemenata, koja je poprečna na glavni smjer elastičnosti, pri čemu u praksi to naročito ovisi o krutosti u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila. A further possibility of adjusting the stiffness of the elastic elements transversely to the main direction of elasticity is, according to the invention, that the mobility of the bell, which is connected to the punch, is limited by stops in the plane transverse to the main direction of elasticity. The greater the possibility of starting the bell, the softer the assembly of elastic elements in this direction. Also, in this way, different in-plane stiffnesses can be achieved with equal loading of the assembly of elastic elements, which is transverse to the main direction of elasticity, and in practice this depends especially on the stiffness in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle.

Konačno, izumom se predlažu elastično izvedeni graničnici. Takvim elastičnim graničnicima smanjuje se nagla promjena elastičnosti poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti kod nalijeganja na graničnik, tako da je, ne samo različitim udaljenostima između zvona i graničnika, nego i različitim elastičnostima graničnika, moguće prilagođenje karakteristične krivulje elastičnih elemenata dotičnom slučaju potrebe. U cjelini, prema tome, kod sklopa elastičnih elemenata prema izumu, raspoložive su dovoljne mogućnosti utjecaja karakteristične krivulje elastičnih elemenata kod naprezanja gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata poprečno na njihov glavni smjer elastičnosti. Finally, the invention proposes elastically derived stops. Such elastic stops reduce the sudden change of elasticity transversely to the main direction of elasticity when resting on the stop, so that, not only with different distances between the bell and the stop, but also with different elasticities of the stop, it is possible to adapt the characteristic curve of the elastic elements to the respective case of need. As a whole, therefore, with the assembly of elastic elements according to the invention, sufficient possibilities are available to influence the characteristic curve of the elastic elements when stressing the rubber ball elastic elements transversely to their main direction of elasticity.

Na nacrtu prikazani su različiti primjeri izvedbe elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma prema izumu, i to: The drawing shows various examples of the performance of the elasticity of the moving mechanism according to the invention, namely:

slika 1 prikazuje okomit presjek prvog primjera izvedbe elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma, figure 1 shows a vertical section of the first example of the performance of the elasticity of the moving mechanism,

slika 2 prikazuje vodoravan presjek elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma prema liniji presjeka II-II na slici 1, figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the elastic moving mechanism according to the section line II-II in figure 1,

slika 3 prikazuje, kao i slika 2, izmijenjen oblik izvedbe s ovalnim gumenim kugličnim elastičnim elementom, Figure 3 shows, like Figure 2, a modified version with an oval rubber ball elastic element,

slika 4 prikazuje bočni izgled slijedećeg oblika izvedbe s dva sklopa gumenih kugličnih elemenata smještenih jednog do drugog i koji djeluju paralelno, Figure 4 shows a side view of the following embodiment with two assemblies of rubber ball elements placed next to each other and acting in parallel,

slika 5 prikazuje okomit presjek elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma prema slici 4, figure 5 shows a vertical section of the elastic moving mechanism according to figure 4,

slika 6 prikazuje vodoravan presjek elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma prema slikama 4 i 5 u skladu s linijom presjeka VI-VI na slici 4. figure 6 shows a horizontal section of the elastic moving mechanism according to figures 4 and 5 in accordance with the section line VI-VI in figure 4.

Kod svih izvedbenih primjera treba uočiti jedan dio okvira 1 okretnog postolja, koji je uvijek preko elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma oslonjen na osovinski rukavac 2a najmanje dviju osovina 2. Na nacrtu se uvijek može vidjeti jedan kotač 2b jedne osovine 2. One part of the frame 1 of the bogie, which is always supported by an elastic moving mechanism on the axle sleeve 2a of at least two axles 2, can be seen in all the examples. On the drawing, one wheel 2b of one axle 2 can always be seen.

Okvir 1 okretnog postolja u prvom primjeru izvedbe, prema slikama 1 i 2, kao i kod izmijenjenog oblika izvedbe prema slici 3, opremljen je osovinskim držačima 3 u parovima, koji preuzimaju vođenje između okvira 1 i okretnog postolja i osovine 2. Da bi se spriječilo nehotično odvajanje okvira 1 okretnog postolja od osovine 2 i da bi se pojačao okvir 1 okretnog postolja, međusobno su spojeni osovinski držači 3, koji zajednički djeluju preko ključa 4, za osovinske držače 3. The frame 1 of the bogie in the first embodiment, according to Figures 1 and 2, as well as in the modified embodiment according to Figure 3, is equipped with axle holders 3 in pairs, which take over the guidance between the frame 1 and the bogie and the axle 2. To prevent inadvertent separation of the bogie frame 1 from the axle 2 and in order to strengthen the bogie frame 1, the axle holders 3, which work together via the key 4, for the axle holders 3 are connected to each other.

Elastični okretni mehanizam, prikazan na slikama 1 do 3, obuhvaća dva gumena kuglična elastična elementa 5a i 5b, koji su smješteni jedan iznad drugog. Donji gumeni kuglični elastični element 5a smješten je na probojcu 6, koji je u primjeru izvedbe istovremeno izveden kao kućište osovinskog ležaja, međutim on može biti umetnut i kao adapter koji se oslanja na osovinski ležaj. The elastic rotating mechanism, shown in figures 1 to 3, includes two rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b, which are placed one above the other. The lower rubber spherical elastic element 5a is placed on the punch 6, which in the embodiment example is simultaneously executed as a shaft bearing housing, however it can also be inserted as an adapter that rests on the shaft bearing.

Na donjem gumenom kugličnom elastičnom elementu 5a smješteno je zvono 7, kao njegovo gornje kućište, a koje je s probojcem 8 spojeno s gornjim gumenim kugličnim elastičnim elementom 5b. U prikazu na slici 1 zvono 7 i probojac 8 izrađeni su iz jednog dijela. Konačno, na gornji gumeni kuglični elastični element 5b oslanja se zvono 9, koje je čvrsto smješteno na okviru 1 okretnog postolja. A bell 7 is placed on the lower rubber spherical elastic element 5a, as its upper casing, which is connected with a punch 8 to the upper rubber spherical elastic element 5b. In the view in Figure 1, the bell 7 and the punch 8 are made from one part. Finally, the bell 9 rests on the upper rubber spherical elastic element 5b, which is firmly placed on the frame 1 of the bogie.

Prethodno opisanim sklopom dobiva se serijski spoj gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, pri čemu svaki od ovih gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, kod identične izvedbe preuzima polovicu okomitog opružnog hoda. Na ovaj način dimenzije svakog gumenog kugličnog elastičnog elementa 5a odnosno 5b, naročito glede svoje visine i svog promjera, povoljne su tako da se gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b mogu smjestiti iznad osovinskih ležaja. Pored toga, na osnovu ovog serijskog spoja obaju gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, može se postići dovoljan opružni hod u okomitom smjeru, tj. u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti. The previously described assembly results in a serial connection of rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b, whereby each of these rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b, in an identical design, takes over half of the vertical spring stroke. In this way, the dimensions of each rubber ball elastic element 5a and 5b, especially in terms of their height and diameter, are favorable so that the rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b can be placed above the axle bearings. In addition, based on this serial connection of both rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b, sufficient spring travel in the vertical direction, i.e. in the main direction of elasticity, can be achieved.

Spojem zvona 7 za donji gumeni kuglični elastični element 5a, preko probojca 8, za gornji gumeni kuglični elastični element 5b, dobiva se mogućnost da se ova oba dijela mogu kao okomito klatno pokretati oko osi okomite na glavni smjer elastičnosti. Ovo pokretanje ostvaruje naprezanje obaju gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b uglavnom smično i elastičnost pokretnog mehanizma poprečno na glavni smjer elastičnosti, pri čemu smičnim naprezanjem gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b nastaju povratne sile. Prema tome, pokretni mehanizam može primiti u poprečnom i uzdužnom smjeru vozila nastala relativna kretanja između okvira 1 okretnog postolja i osovine 2, koja su potrebna naročito za optimalno ublažavanje i prigušenje posebno bočnih startnih udaraca kotača 2b u tračnice i za radijalno prilagođenje slogova kotača kod vožnje u zavoju. By connecting the bell 7 to the lower rubber spherical elastic element 5a, through the punch 8, to the upper rubber spherical elastic element 5b, the possibility is obtained that these two parts can be moved like a vertical pendulum around an axis perpendicular to the main direction of elasticity. This movement realizes the stress of both rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b mainly in shear and the elasticity of the moving mechanism transversely to the main direction of elasticity, whereby the shear stress of the rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b creates return forces. Therefore, the moving mechanism can accommodate in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the vehicle the resulting relative movements between the frame 1 of the bogie and the axle 2, which are necessary in particular for the optimal mitigation and damping of particularly lateral starting impacts of the wheels 2b on the rails and for the radial adjustment of the wheel joints when driving in a bend.

Za ostvarenje različitih krutosti elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila, gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b mogu imati oblik koji odstupa od kružnog oblika prstena. Dok su gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b u prvom primjeru izvedbe, prema slikama 1 i 2, izrađeni kružno, dotle izmjena prema slici 3 prikazuje ovalnu konstrukciju gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, a s time i probojaca 6 i 8, odnosno zvona 7 i 9. Budući da veća os ovalnog oblika leži u uzdužnom smjeru vozila, u tom smjeru dobiva se veća krutost nego u poprečnom smjeru vozila. To achieve different stiffnesses of the elastic moving mechanism in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the vehicle, the rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b can have a shape that deviates from the circular shape of the ring. While the rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b in the first embodiment example, according to figures 1 and 2, are made circular, so far the change according to figure 3 shows the oval construction of the rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b, and thus also the punches 6 and 8, i.e. the bell 7 and 9. Since the larger axis of the oval shape lies in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, greater stiffness is obtained in that direction than in the transverse direction of the vehicle.

U trećem primjeru izvedbe, prema slikama 3 do 6, dva sklopa gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, koji djeluju paralelno, smješteni su jedan pored drugog. Pri tome probojac 6 donjeg gumenog kugličnog elastičnog elementa 5a naliježe na noseći dio 10 ležajnog kućišta 11, koji leži u uzdužnom smjeru vozila, dok su zvona 9 gornjih gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5b učvršćena na okviru 1 okretnog postolja. Kao što se vidi na slikama 4 i 6, u ovom slučaju zvona 7 i probojci 8, koji su uvijek međusobno spojeni, mogu sa svoje strane biti međusobno spojeni preko grede 22 osigurane momentima, čime se također dobiva različita krutost u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila. Radi utjecaja na krutosti greda 12, može se izraditi elastično odnosno biti elastično spojena s najmanje jednim od zvona 7. Prema slici 4 između lijevog kraja grede 12 i pripadnog zvona 7 smješten je elastični umetak 13. In the third embodiment, according to Figures 3 to 6, two assemblies of rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b, which act in parallel, are placed next to each other. In this case, the punch 6 of the lower rubber spherical elastic element 5a rests on the supporting part 10 of the bearing housing 11, which lies in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, while the bells 9 of the upper rubber spherical elastic elements 5b are fixed on the frame 1 of the bogie. As can be seen in Figures 4 and 6, in this case the bells 7 and the punches 8, which are always connected to each other, can in turn be connected to each other via the beam 22 secured by moments, which also provides different stiffness in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle . In order to influence the stiffness of the beam 12, it can be made elastic, or be elastically connected to at least one of the bells 7. According to Figure 4, an elastic insert 13 is placed between the left end of the beam 12 and the associated bell 7.

U primjeru izvedbe prema slikama 4 do 6 prikazano je, konačno, da je pokretljivost zvona 7 spojenog s probojcem 8 jednog, od obaju sklopova gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata 5a i 5b, koji pripadaju jednoj osovini 2, ograničena graničnikom 14a, koji također može biti izveden kao elastični graničnik 14b. Na ovaj način mogu se, prema tome, postići različite krutosti u uzdužnom i poprečnom smjeru vozila, pri čemu je sklop elastičnih elemenata utoliko mekši ukoliko je veća mogućnost pokretanja zvona 7. Radi osiguranja potrebnog vođenja ležajnog kućišta 11 osovine 2, kod primjera izvedbe prema slici 5, također je gornje zvono 9 opremljeno graničnikom 15a odnosno 15 b. In the embodiment example according to Figures 4 to 6, it is shown, finally, that the mobility of the bell 7 connected to the punch 8 of one of the two sets of rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b, which belong to one shaft 2, is limited by a stop 14a, which can also be made as an elastic stop 14b. In this way, different stiffnesses can be achieved in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the vehicle, whereby the assembly of elastic elements is all the softer if there is a greater possibility of starting the bell 7. In order to ensure the necessary guidance of the bearing housing 11 of the axle 2, in the example of the design according to the figure 5, the upper bell 9 is also equipped with a stop 15a or 15b.

Kod svih izvedbenih oblika gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b smješteni jedan iznad drugog prenose okomitu elastičnost kao i sve poprečne i uzdužne sile od sloga kotača na okvir 1 okretnog postolja. Osim toga gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b dozvoljavaju potrebne uzdužne i poprečne hodove radi omogućenja prilagođivanja osovine 2 pri vožnji u zavoju i zbog prigušenja startnih udaraca, pri čemu gumeni kuglični elastični elementi 5a i 5b istovremeno proizvode povratne sile radi vraćanja sloga kotača uvijek u svoj srednji položaj. In all embodiments, rubber spherical elastic elements 5a and 5b placed one above the other transmit vertical elasticity as well as all transverse and longitudinal forces from the wheel assembly to the frame 1 of the bogie. In addition, the rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b allow the necessary longitudinal and transverse movements in order to enable the adjustment of axle 2 when driving in a corner and due to the damping of starting shocks, whereby the rubber ball elastic elements 5a and 5b simultaneously produce return forces in order to always return the alignment of the wheels to their middle position.

Budući da se kod rastućeg opterećenja prethodno opisanog elastičnog pokretnog mehanizma smanjuje dužina okomitog njihala zbog povećanog opružnog ugiba, tj. s povećanim opterećenjem dobiva se skraćenje njihala, povratne sile, prema učešću u ovom opterećenju, postaju veće, tako da se, i pored jednostavne i kompaktne konstrukcije, dobiva optimalno djelovanje kako elastičnosti pokretnog mehanizma tako i točaka vješanja na okviru okretnog postolja. Since the length of the vertical pendulum decreases with the increasing load of the previously described elastic moving mechanism due to the increased spring deflection, i.e. with the increased load, the pendulum shortens, the return forces, according to the participation in this load, become larger, so that, despite the simple and compact construction, it gets the optimal effect of both the elasticity of the moving mechanism and the suspension points on the bogie frame.

Prethodno opisana elastičnost pokretnog mehanizma može se upotrijebiti, ne samo za okretna postolja prikazana u izvedbenim primjerima, već također i za dvoosovinska tračna vozila. Ona se može postaviti kao primarna elastičnost, a isto tako, i kao sekundarna elastičnost okretnih postolja putničkih vagona, a pored toga, može se upotrijebiti i kao prigušenje karoserije lokomotive u odnosu na okretna postolja pogonskog kretanja ili pojedinih osovina. The previously described elasticity of the moving mechanism can be used, not only for the bogies shown in the embodiments, but also for two-axle track vehicles. It can be set as primary elasticity, and also as secondary elasticity of bogies of passenger cars, and in addition, it can be used as damping of the locomotive body in relation to the bogies of the driving movement or individual axles.

Claims (6)

1. Elastičnost pokretnog mehanizma za tračna vozila s najmanje dva gumena kuglična elastična elementa, koji su uvijek smješteni između probojca i zvona, naznačena time, da je probojac (8) smješten između dva susjedna gumena kuglična elastična elementa (5a, 5b), uvijek sa zvonom (7) također smještenim između ovih dvaju gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata (5a, 5b), spojen tako, da ovi međusobno spojeni dijelovi uz kretanje u glavnom smjeru elastičnosti mogu dodatno izvoditi njihanje oko proizvoljne osi poprečne na glavni pravac elastičnosti.1. The elasticity of the moving mechanism for rail vehicles with at least two rubber spherical elastic elements, which are always placed between the punch and the bell, indicated by the fact that the punch (8) is placed between two adjacent rubber spherical elastic elements (5a, 5b), always with with a bell (7) also placed between these two rubber spherical elastic elements (5a, 5b), connected in such a way that these mutually connected parts, in addition to moving in the main direction of elasticity, can additionally oscillate around an arbitrary axis transverse to the main direction of elasticity. 2. Elastičnost prema zahtjevu 1, naznačena time, da najmanje jedan od gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata (5a, 5b) ima oblik koji odstupa od kružnog oblika prstena.2. Elasticity according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the rubber ball elastic elements (5a, 5b) has a shape that deviates from the circular shape of the ring. 3. Elastičnost prema zahtjevu 1, naznačena time, da su najmanje dva sklopa gumenih kugličnih elastičnih elemenata, djelujući paralelno, smješteni jedan pored drugog, pri čemu su probojci (8) i zvona (7) uvijek međusobno spojeni, a sa svoje strane međusobno spojeni preko grede (12) osigurane momentima.3. Elasticity according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that at least two sets of rubber ball elastic elements, acting in parallel, are located next to each other, whereby the holes (8) and the bells (7) are always connected to each other, and on their side connected to each other over the beam (12) secured by moments. 4. Elastičnost prema zahtjevu 3, naznačena time, da je greda (12) izvedena elastično, odnosno spojena elastično s najmanje jednim od zvona (7).4. Elasticity according to claim 3, indicated by the fact that the beam (12) is made elastically, that is, connected elastically to at least one of the bells (7). 5. Elastičnost prema barem jednom od zahtjeva 1 do 4, naznačena time, da je pokretnost zvona (7) spojenog s probojcem (8) ograničena u ravnini poprečnoj na glavni smjer elastičnosti preko graničnika (14a, 14b).5. Elasticity according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, indicated by the fact that the mobility of the bell (7) connected to the punch (8) is limited in a plane transverse to the main direction of elasticity via the stop (14a, 14b). 6. Elastičnost prema zahtjevu 5, naznačena time, da su graničnici (14b) izvedeni elastično.6. Elasticity according to claim 5, indicated by the fact that the stops (14b) are designed elastically.
HR931524A 1986-02-27 1993-12-29 Running gear springing of railway vehicles HRP931524A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863606325 DE3606325A1 (en) 1986-02-27 1986-02-27 UNDERCARRIAGE SUSPENSION FOR RAIL VEHICLES
YU18787A YU46613B (en) 1986-02-27 1987-02-09 ELASTIC MOVING MECHANISM FOR RAIL VEHICLES

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HRP931524A2 true HRP931524A2 (en) 1995-02-28

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SI (1) SI8710187A (en)

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