HRP921140A2 - Apparatus for the production of moulded semi-products - Google Patents
Apparatus for the production of moulded semi-products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP921140A2 HRP921140A2 HR921140A HRP921140A HRP921140A2 HR P921140 A2 HRP921140 A2 HR P921140A2 HR 921140 A HR921140 A HR 921140A HR P921140 A HRP921140 A HR P921140A HR P921140 A2 HRP921140 A2 HR P921140A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- molds
- walls
- fact
- parts
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
Područje tehnike The field of technology
Ovaj se izum odnosi na područje obrade i prerade, preciznije na oblikovanje umjetnih masa. Prema MKP je uvršten u razrede B29C 67/22, B29C 33/06, B29C 35/08, B29K 105:04 i B29K 105:06. This invention relates to the field of processing and processing, more precisely to the shaping of artificial masses. According to MKP, it is included in classes B29C 67/22, B29C 33/06, B29C 35/08, B29K 105:04 and B29K 105:06.
Tehnički problem Technical problem
Polazeći od uređaja za izradu poluproizvoda i umjetnih odn. pjenastih tvari koji se sastoji iz višedjelnih, prioritetno metalnih kalupa koji su smješteni u induktoru za indukciono zagrijavanje kalupa, ovaj se izum temelji na problemu daljeg usavršavanja uređaja čime bi se po cijeloj unutrašnjoj površini kalupa postigla optimalna reakciona temperatura tvari koja se oblikuje ta da bi se time skratilo vrijeme reakcije, smanjio broj potrebnih kalupa te smanjila uporaba električne energije. Starting from devices for making semi-finished products and artificial or of foam substances consisting of multi-part, preferably metal molds that are placed in an inductor for induction heating of the mold, this invention is based on the problem of further improving the device, which would achieve the optimal reaction temperature of the substance being formed on the entire inner surface of the mold, so that thereby shortening the reaction time, reducing the number of necessary molds and reducing the use of electricity.
Stanje u tehnici State of the art
Kod oblikovanja pjene, osobito poliuretanske pjene, postoji problem oblikovanja njene površine i problem potpune reakcije komponenata na toj površini. Poznato je da reakciono sposobne komponente možemo zagrijati parom ili vrućim zrakom koje moramo dovoditi pa je taj način rada dosta skup i nedjelotvoran, traje razmjerno dugo, a ne može se ga ni optimalno voditi. When shaping foam, especially polyurethane foam, there is a problem of shaping its surface and the problem of the complete reaction of the components on that surface. It is known that reactive components can be heated with steam or hot air, which we have to supply, so this method of operation is quite expensive and ineffective, takes a relatively long time, and cannot be managed optimally.
Praksa je pokazala da kalupe s nejednakomjerno oblikovanom površinom parom i sličnim sredstvima ne možemo dovoljno jednakomjerno i brzo zagrijati. Practice has shown that we cannot heat molds with an unevenly shaped surface with steam and similar means sufficiently evenly and quickly.
Poznamo uporabu višedjelnih kalupa za vulkanizaciju; frekvencije koje se kod njih koriste ne zahtijevaju međusobno izoliranje pojedinačnih dijelova kalupa jer nejednakomjerno zagrijavanje masivnih kalupa nije štetno, a toplinu koja se stvara treba dovesti do poluproizvoda. Precizna raspodjela temperature po površini poluproizvoda nije potrebna. We know the use of multi-part molds for vulcanization; the frequencies used with them do not require mutual insulation of individual parts of the mold because uneven heating of massive molds is not harmful, and the heat generated should be brought to the semi-finished product. Precise temperature distribution on the surface of the semi-finished product is not required.
Višedjelni kalupi koji se sastoje iz međusobno izoliranih dijelova kalupa koji su direktno priključeni na visokofrekventne elektrode ne dopuštaju nam precizno reguliranje temperature na površini poluproizvoda pa ona preduboko ulazi u poluproizvod. Zbog toga se sa stajališta principa djelovanja uređaji takve vrste ne mogu uspoređivati s onim uređajima kojima se poluproizvodi u kalupima izrađuju pomoću induktora koji zagrijava posredno odn. preko stijenki kalupa. Multi-part molds that consist of mutually insulated mold parts that are directly connected to high-frequency electrodes do not allow us to precisely regulate the temperature on the surface of the semi-finished product, so it penetrates too deeply into the semi-finished product. That is why, from the point of view of the principle of operation, devices of this type cannot be compared with those devices that produce semi-finished products in molds using an inductor that heats indirectly or over the mold walls.
Opis tehničkog rješenja problema Description of the technical solution to the problem
Za uređaj za izradu poluproizvoda u kalupima iz ovog izuma, a koji se sastoji iz kalupa smještenih u induktorima i koji sadrže reakcione komponente pjene kao što su npr. komponente poliuretanskih pjena i/ili koprenaste tvari, koprene, umjetna vlakna, vlakna, runastu gumu, gumeni kokos i si, te impregnirane, pošpricane, navlažene i si. duroplastične umjetne smole, lateks ili si. koje kroz induktor unašamo u taktovima ili kontinuirano, karakteristično je da su za izradu poluproizvoda iz umjetnih tvari npr. poliuretanske pjene ili iz vlakna, koprena i si., te impregniranih ili navlaženih umjetnih smola ili lateksa, uz frekvenciju od 0 do 30 kHz, prioritetno od 5 do 12 kHz, te iz reakciono sposobnih polaznih tvari koje unosimo u kalupe, pojedinačni dijelovi kalupa zbog sprečavanja strujnog kruga u kalupu okolo poluproizvoda, međusobno električno izolirani. U danom se slučaju za raspodjelu strujnog kruga na vanjskoj strani metalnih stijenki kalupa smještaju nastavci iz istog materijala od kojeg je izrađen kalup. Unutrašnji prostor induktora u svom presjeku može biti kvadratan ili cjevast, a na njega se može namjestiti najmanje jedan kalup kojemu su pojedinačni dijelovi, koji se daju indukciono zagrijavati i koji su u danom slučaju međusobno zabrtvljeni, međusobno električno izolirani. For the device for making semi-finished products in molds from this invention, which consists of molds placed in inductors and containing reactive foam components such as, for example, components of polyurethane foams and/or webs, webs, artificial fibers, fibers, fleece rubber, rubber coconut and so on, and impregnated, sprayed, moistened and so on. duroplastic artificial resins, latex or si. which we enter through the inductor in cycles or continuously, it is characteristic that for the production of semi-finished products from artificial substances, e.g. polyurethane foam or from fiber, canvas, etc., and impregnated or moistened artificial resins or latex, with a frequency of 0 to 30 kHz, priority from 5 to 12 kHz, and from the reactive starting materials that we introduce into the molds, the individual parts of the mold are electrically isolated from each other due to the prevention of the current circuit in the mold around the semi-finished products. In this case, extensions made of the same material as the mold are placed on the outside of the metal walls of the mold to distribute the current circuit. The internal space of the inductor in its cross-section can be square or tubular, and at least one mold can be placed on it, in which the individual parts, which can be heated by induction and which in the given case are mutually sealed, are electrically isolated from each other.
Za dovođenje topline vanjskom sloju poluproizvoda kojeg oblikujemo idukciono zagrijavamo tanke stijenke kalupa. Pri tom ne moramo paziti da je brtvljenje električne izolacije pred pjenom savršeno jer kalupi obično imaju izlazne otvore kroz koje izlazi suvišna i električno izolaciona pjena. Za obradu vlaknastih tvari koje sadrže zrak te koje se stiskaju odn. ne rastežu nije potrebno da električna izolacija ima učinak brtvljenja. In order to bring heat to the outer layer of the semi-finished product that we shape, we heat the thin walls of the mold by induction. At the same time, we do not have to make sure that the sealing of the electrical insulation in front of the foam is perfect, because the molds usually have exit openings through which the excess and electrically insulating foam comes out. For the processing of fibrous substances that contain air and that are compressed or they do not stretch, it is not necessary for the electrical insulation to have a sealing effect.
Pokazalo se je da udaljenost između stijenke kalupa i navoja induktora nema velik utjecaj na brzinu zagrijavanja te na djelotvornost pa se i komplicirani kalupi mogu dobro zagrijavati. It has been shown that the distance between the wall of the mold and the thread of the inductor has no great influence on the speed of heating and on the effectiveness, so even complicated molds can be heated well.
U usporedbi sa zagrijavanjem vrućim zrakom trošimo manje energije jer moramo zagrijavati samo stijenke kalupa, a u peći s vrućim zrakom moramo zagrijavati sve uređaje koje u nju stavljamo ili iz nje vadimo te s kojima je zatvaramo, a koje opet moramo ohladiti u skladu s postupkom. Compared to heating with hot air, we use less energy because we only have to heat the walls of the mold, and in the hot air oven we have to heat all the devices that we put in or take out of it and with which we close it, and which again have to be cooled in accordance with the process.
U usporedbi sa zagrijavanjem vrućim zrakom je vrijeme potrebno za reakciju komponenata umjetne tvari za oko 50 % kraće zbog brzog zagrijavanja; kod istog kapaciteta uređaja je ciklusno vrijeme kraće odn. treba manji broj kalupa. Kod kalupa koji se zagrijavaju parom su mase koje moramo zagrijavati bitno veće pa je i utrošak energije znatno veći. Compared to heating with hot air, the time required for the reaction of the components of the artificial substance is about 50% shorter due to the rapid heating; with the same device capacity, the cycle time is shorter or a smaller number of molds is needed. In the case of molds that are heated with steam, the masses that have to be heated are significantly larger, so the energy consumption is also significantly higher.
Uređaj iz ovog izuma postiže visok stupanj djelotvornosti jer nam za prijenos topline nije potreban medij, a u usporedbi s kalupima koje zagrijava para kao grijaći medij trošimo manje energije jer je masa indukciono zagrijavanih kalupa barem za polovicu manja. Iz toga nam slijedi prednost da su i uređaji za transport lakši i time jeftiniji. Najviša temperatura koju možemo postići kalupima iz ovog izuma bitno je viša, a i lakše je postignemo, nego kod već poznatih uređaja. Indukcionim zagrijavanjem možemo postići temperature od 150°C ili više što je skoro nemoguće kod zagrijavanja parom ili vrućim zrakom. The device from this invention achieves a high degree of effectiveness because we do not need a medium for heat transfer, and compared to molds heated by steam as a heating medium, we use less energy because the mass of induction-heated molds is at least half smaller. This gives us the advantage that the transport devices are lighter and thus cheaper. The highest temperature that we can achieve with the molds from this invention is significantly higher, and we can achieve it more easily, than with already known devices. With induction heating, we can achieve temperatures of 150°C or more, which is almost impossible when heating with steam or hot air.
Na kraju, uređaj iz ovog izuma možemo koristiti i za zagrijavanje, sušenje i reakciju svih materijala kod kojih je dovađanje topline preko tankih stijenki kalupa dovoljno za izvođenje željene obrade. Finally, the device from this invention can also be used for heating, drying and reaction of all materials where supplying heat through the thin walls of the mold is sufficient to perform the desired processing.
Ako je zbog prozračivanja poluproizvoda koji sadrže odn. koji se sastoje iz vlaknastih materijala predviđeno da su na kalupu otvori za prozračivanje, a koji se prioritetno smještaju na donji i gornji dio kalupa, mogu se poluproizvodi koji propuštaju zrak npr. lateksom pošprican materijal iz runaste gume , posušiti, izvulkanizirati i izreagirati tako da kroz poluproizvod koji oblikujemo vodimo zagrijan zrak. Uređaj iz ovog izuma u tom slučaju nudi tu prednost da možemo, ako je predviđeno samo sušenje odn. zagrijavanje zrakom, dovoditi toplinu i na mjesta na kojima obično ne dolazi do zagrijavanja. If due to aeration of semi-products containing or which consist of fibrous materials provided that there are holes for ventilation on the mold, and which are preferentially placed on the lower and upper part of the mold, semi-products that allow air, e.g. latex-sprayed fleece rubber material, can be dried, vulcanized and reacted so that through the semi-finished product that we shape is guided by heated air. In that case, the device from this invention offers the advantage that we can, if only drying or heating with air, bring heat to places where heating usually does not occur.
Kod ovog izuma u biti zagrijavamo samo tanke stijenke kalupa pa je poželjno da je dubina prodora električnog odn. magnetskog polja u stijenke kalupa odn. u njihove slojeve koje možemo indukciono zagrijavati samo nešto veća od debljine stijenke, a najbolje je da je ista kao ta debljina odn. da je manja od te debljine te da iznosi oko 1/10 do 1/2, osobito 1/5 do 1/3 debljine stijenke kalupa odn. slojeva. Kod slojevite građe stijenki kalupa ponekad je svrhovito da je dubina prodora polja veća od debljine stijenke kalupa odn. da je ista kao debljina kalupa. Ponekad može biti dobro i da ova dubina prodora iznosi do 3/4 debljine stijenke; željeni tijek zagrijavanja određuje i dubinu prodora polja. With this invention, we essentially heat only the thin walls of the mold, so it is desirable that the depth of penetration of the electric or of the magnetic field into the walls of the mold or into their layers, which we can induction heat only slightly larger than the thickness of the wall, and it is best if it is the same as that thickness or that it is less than that thickness and that it is about 1/10 to 1/2, especially 1/5 to 1/3 of the thickness of the mold wall or layers. With the layered structure of the mold walls, it is sometimes expedient that the field penetration depth is greater than the thickness of the mold wall or that it is the same as the thickness of the mold. Sometimes it can be good that this penetration depth is up to 3/4 of the wall thickness; the desired heating course also determines the depth of field penetration.
Izum ćemo u nastavku opisati i konkretizirati primjerom iz priložene skice. Na sl.1 prikazana je shema uređaja za izradu poluproizvoda u kalupima. The invention will be described below and made concrete with an example from the attached sketch. Fig. 1 shows the scheme of the device for making semi-finished products in molds.
Na sl. 1 prikazana je shema induktora 2 oko kojeg je namotan navoj 2' sa srednjom frekvencijom i koji je priključen na generator koji proizvodi potrebno električno izmjenično polje. Generator na slici nije prikazan. Induktor 2 je u presjeku prioritetno pravokutnog oblika, a njegova je dužina ista ili veća od dužine kalupa 1 i to zbog dostatne indukcija i zagrijavanja na prednjem i stražnjem dijelu kalupa 1. Unutrašnji oblik induktora 2 u principu nije bitan. Jakost induktora određena je materijalom kalupa 1 odn. željenom temperaturom kalupa 1, a možemo je i regulirati neprikazanim na slici regulacionim uređajem i to pojedinačno za svaki kalup 1. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of an inductor 2 around which a thread 2' with a medium frequency is wound and which is connected to a generator that produces the necessary alternating electric field. The generator is not shown in the picture. Inductor 2 is preferably rectangular in cross-section, and its length is the same or greater than the length of mold 1 due to sufficient induction and heating on the front and back of mold 1. In principle, the internal shape of inductor 2 does not matter. The strength of the inductor is determined by the material of the mold 1 or the desired temperature of mold 1, and we can also regulate it with the regulation device not shown in the picture, individually for each mold 1.
U induktor 2 vode tračnice 3 po kojima u taktovima ili kontinuirano pomičemo kalupe 1 u odn. kroz induktor. Prioritetno je da su transportna kolica (kojih nema na slici) ili tračnice 3 izrađene iz materijala koji se ne zagrijava tj. na kojeg indukciono polje ne može utjecati. Rails 3 lead to the inductor 2, along which we move the molds 1 in cycles or continuously, respectively. through the inductor. It is a priority that the transport trolley (which is not in the picture) or the rails 3 are made of material that does not heat up, i.e. that cannot be affected by the induction field.
U danom primjeru kalup 1 ima oblik kutije, a sastoji se iz donjeg dijela 6 i gornjeg dijela 5. Oko kalupa 1 su okviri za učvršćivanje 4 koji ojačavaju i/ili drže zajedno gornji dio 5 i donji dio 6 kalupa 1. Okvire za učvršćivanje 4 koji se nalaze na različitim dijelovima kalupa 1, a osobito one na gornjem dijelu 5 možemo povezati s okvirima za učvršćivanje 4 koji se nalaze na donjem dijelu 6 i to pomoću zatvarača 7. Zatvarači 7 služe za povezivanje gornjeg dijela 5 i donjeg dijela 6. Umjesto okvira za ušvršćivanje 4 mogu se koristiti i neprikazani pomoćni okviri i sl., a u koje je npr. stegnut kalup 1. Gornji dio 5 se uzduž diobene ravnine 8 može odijeliti od donjeg dijela 6, a tu je istovremeno i električno izoliran od donjeg dijela 6. Ova električna izolacija od npr. epoksidne smole ili drugih umjetnih tvari odn. bilo kojih električnih izolacionih materijala koji imaju dovoljno veliku čvrstoću i temperaturnu otpornost, u cjelosti električno izolira gornji dio 5 od donjeg dijela 6, a istovremeno i zabrtvi kalup 1. Na sličan način zatvarači 7 i okviri za učvršćivanje 4 sprečavaju protok struje od gornjeg dijela 5 do donjeg dijela 6 tj. sprečavaju oblikovanje strujnih krugova oko kalupa 1. Za tu su svrhu predviđeni odgovarajući izolatori između zatvarača 7 i svih drugih neprikazanih veznih sprava odn. okvira za učvršćivanje 4, ili su pak sami zatvarači 7, okviri za učvršćivanje 4 i vezne sprave (npr. šarniri) izrađeni iz elektroizolacionih materijala. In the given example, the mold 1 has the shape of a box, and consists of a lower part 6 and an upper part 5. Around the mold 1 are the fixing frames 4 that strengthen and/or hold together the upper part 5 and the lower part 6 of the mold 1. The fixing frames 4 which are located on different parts of the mold 1, and especially those on the upper part 5, can be connected to the fastening frames 4 located on the lower part 6 by means of fasteners 7. The fasteners 7 serve to connect the upper part 5 and the lower part 6. Instead of the stiffening frame 4, auxiliary frames etc., not shown, can be used, and into which, for example, the mold 1 is clamped. The upper part 5 can be separated from the lower part 6 along the dividing plane 8, and it is also electrically isolated from the lower part 6 This electrical insulation from e.g. epoxy resin or other artificial substances or of any electrical insulating materials that have a sufficiently high strength and temperature resistance, completely electrically isolates the upper part 5 from the lower part 6, and at the same time seals the mold 1. In a similar way, the closures 7 and the fixing frames 4 prevent the flow of current from the upper part 5 to the lower part 6, i.e. they prevent the formation of electric circuits around the mold 1. For this purpose, suitable insulators are provided between the closure 7 and all other connecting devices not shown, respectively. of the fixing frame 4, or the shutters 7 themselves, the fixing frames 4 and connecting devices (eg hinges) are made of electro-insulating materials.
Kalupi 1 koji se u praksi upotrebljavaju imaju različite oblike jer su prilagođeni željenom obliku poluproizvoda; tako kalupi 1 imaju svekolike oblike npr. oblik tapeciranih sjedala za automobile, naslona za ruke itd. Molds 1 that are used in practice have different shapes because they are adapted to the desired shape of the semi-finished product; thus molds 1 have all kinds of shapes, for example the shape of upholstered seats for cars, armrests, etc.
Kao mase za električnu izolaciju gornjeg dijela 5 od donjeg dijela 6 možemo koristiti duroplastične mase ili gotove izolacione elemente za brtvijenje. Na taj način struja koja se inducira u kalupu 1 nema nikakvih puteva oko kalupa 1 pa je time spriječeno nedefinirano zagrijavanje zbog struje koja nastaje uslijed kratkih spojeva. Isto vrijedi za pomoćne okvire odn. za međusobno povezane okvire za učvršćivanje 4 koji su raspoređeni na pojedinačnim dijelovima kalupa 1. We can use duroplastic compounds or ready-made insulating sealing elements as compounds for electrical insulation of the upper part 5 from the lower part 6. In this way, the current induced in the mold 1 has no paths around the mold 1, thus preventing undefined heating due to the current generated due to short circuits. The same applies to auxiliary frames or for the interconnected fastening frames 4 which are arranged on the individual parts of the mold 1.
Za izbjegavanje odn. sprečavanje strujnih krugova je u principu dovoljno da montiramo električni izolator ili predvidimo prorez pa da nema nikakvih strujnih krugova. U tu svrhu možemo postupiti tako da npr. kratke odn. male bočne površine i prednju stranu kalupa 1 izradimo iz dva međusobno električno izolirana dijela, dok je stražnja stijenka izrađena iz jednog dijela, ili pak iz dva dijela kalupa koji su međusobno povezana tako da su provodni (npr. šarnirom) ili da međusobno nisu izolirani. Električno provodne površine imaju, znači, u presjeku kroz kalup 1 oblik slova C, znači oblik koji spriječava neželjene strujne krugove. Moguće je i da su samo zatvarači 7 na stražnjoj strani kalupa 1 električno provodni, a da su zatvarači 7 na drugim stijenkama kalupa 1 izolatori. To avoid or in principle, it is enough to prevent electric circuits by installing an electrical isolator or providing a slot so that there are no electric circuits. For this purpose, we can act so that, for example, short or the small side surfaces and the front side of mold 1 are made from two mutually electrically isolated parts, while the back wall is made from one part, or from two parts of the mold that are connected to each other so that they are conductive (e.g. with a hinge) or that they are not mutually insulated. The electrically conductive surfaces have, in the section through the mold 1, the shape of the letter C, that is, the shape that prevents unwanted current circuits. It is also possible that only the closures 7 on the rear side of the mold 1 are electrically conductive, and that the closures 7 on the other walls of the mold 1 are insulators.
U praksi je prioritetno da su dijelovi 5 i 6 kalupa 1, odn. svi dijelovi koji međusobno priliježu međusobno električno izolirani. Znači, ako se kalup 1 sastoji iz više dijelova, oni su svi po susjednim rubovima međusobno izolirani čime izbjegavamo stvaranje neželjenih strujnih krugova. In practice, it is a priority that parts 5 and 6 of mold 1, respectively. all parts that fit together are electrically isolated from each other. So, if the mold 1 consists of several parts, they are all insulated from each other along the adjacent edges, which avoids the creation of unwanted circuits.
Kod izuma je važno i to da se mijenjanjem debljine stijenke kalupa 1 može lokalno regulirati i zagrijavanje stijenki kalupa 1 odn. mijenjati temperatura koju postiže stijenka kalupa 1. Deblje se stijenke zagrijavaju sporije, a dubina prodora električnog polja je manja. In the invention, it is also important that by changing the thickness of the wall of the mold 1, the heating of the walls of the mold 1 can be regulated locally, or change the temperature reached by the wall of the mold 1. Thicker walls heat up more slowly, and the penetration depth of the electric field is smaller.
U tu se svrhu na metalne dijelove kalupa 1 mogu staviti i materijali koji dobro provode elektriku i/ili toplinu kao što su npr. metali npr. Cu, Fe odn. legure koji djeluju i kao električni mostovi između područja veće i manje gustoće strujnih vrtloga i koje uzrokuju dodatno zagrijavanje odn. izjednačavanje između visokih i niskih temperatura. Ovi materijali u usporedbi s materijalima za stijenke kalupa 1 koji su prioritetno metalni, osobito čelični, mogu biti bolje ili slabije električno i/ili toplotno provodni. Ove kovine, legure i si., ako su lokalno smještene, uzrokuju da se stijenke kalupa na tim mjestima zagrijavaju sporije ili brže od osnovnog materijala stijenki kalupa 1, pa su osobito prikladni kod geometrijski nepravilnih kalupa 1 jer njihovom kombinacijom možemo izjednačiti temperaturu na površini takvog kalupa. For this purpose, materials that conduct electricity and/or heat well, such as metals such as Cu, Fe or alloys that also act as electrical bridges between areas of higher and lower density of current vortices and that cause additional heating or equalization between high and low temperatures. These materials, compared to the materials for the walls of the mold 1, which are preferably metal, especially steel, may be better or less electrically and/or thermally conductive. These metals, alloys, etc., if they are located locally, cause the mold walls to heat up slower or faster in those places than the base material of the mold walls 1, so they are particularly suitable for geometrically irregular molds 1, because by their combination we can equalize the temperature on the surface of such mould.
Na slici su prikazane ploče 9 koje su smještene na kalupu 1 i koje mogu imati različite oblike i dimenzije. One se mogu zavariti na različita mjesta na stijenkama kalupa 1 npr. na bočnim stijenkama i/ili gornjem dijelu 5 i/ili donjem dijelu 6. Materijal za ploče 9 može biti isti kao kod stijenki kalupa 1; umjesto ploča 9 ili uz njih se na stijenke kalupa 1 mogu staviti i neprikazana zadebljanja koja zajedno sa stijenkama (bočnim stijenkama i/ili donjim dijelom 6 i/ili gornjim dijelom 5) tvore jedinstvenu cjelinu (1 dio) i koja imaju isti učinak kao ploče 9. The picture shows the plates 9 which are placed on the mold 1 and which can have different shapes and dimensions. They can be welded to different places on the walls of the mold 1, for example on the side walls and/or the upper part 5 and/or the lower part 6. The material for the plates 9 can be the same as for the walls of the mold 1; instead of plates 9 or next to them, thickenings not shown can be placed on the walls of the mold 1, which together with the walls (side walls and/or lower part 6 and/or upper part 5) form a single unit (1 part) and which have the same effect as the plates 9.
Odgovarajućim izborom materijala za stijenke kalupa 1 i ploče 9, te izborom mjesta na stijenkama za te ploče ili pak stanjivanjem stijenki kalupa ili zamjenom (kombinacijom) materijala za stijenke kalupa 1 s drugim materijalom tj. konstrukcijom kalupa 1 iz različitih materijala, možemo utjecati na permeabilnost i/ili električnu i/ili toplotnu provodljivost stijenki kalupa 1 čime postižemo jednakomjernu temperaturu u stijenkama kalupa 1. By choosing the appropriate material for the walls of mold 1 and plate 9, and by choosing the place on the walls for those plates or by thinning the walls of the mold or by replacing (combining) the material for the walls of mold 1 with another material, i.e. by constructing mold 1 from different materials, we can influence the permeability and/or electrical and/or thermal conductivity of the walls of mold 1, which achieves a uniform temperature in the walls of mold 1.
Stijenke kalupa 1 mogu biti i višeslojne npr. iz sloja umjetne tvari koja je sa svoje unutrašnje strane obložena slojem metala kojeg indukciono zagrijavamo. Ovdje moramo paziti da ulaznu dubinu polja odredimo tako da seže samo do sloja kojeg možemo indukciono zagrijavati. The walls of the mold 1 can also be multi-layered, for example, from a layer of synthetic material that is coated on its inner side with a layer of metal that is heated by induction. Here we must be careful to determine the input depth of the field so that it only reaches the layer that we can induction heat.
Zagrijavanje samo stijenke kalupa 1 bez zagrijavanja umjetne tvari odn. komponenata koje moraju reagirati postižemo time da pazimo da je dubina prodora induciranog električnog polja manja od debljine stijenke. prioritetno je da dubinu prodora reguliramo time da zagrijemo samo metalnu stijenku kalupa 1 odn. sloj (slojeve) u stijenci kalupa 1 koji se mogu indukciono zagrijati, a da ta stijenka kalupa 1 vanjskom sloju poluproizvoda dovede takvu količinu topline koja je dovoljna za oblikovanje željene kakvoće površine odn. za temperaturu oblikovanja. Heating only the wall of the mold 1 without heating the artificial substance or of the components that must react is achieved by making sure that the depth of penetration of the induced electric field is smaller than the thickness of the wall. it is a priority to regulate the penetration depth by heating only the metal wall of the mold 1 or layer (layers) in the wall of the mold 1 that can be induction heated, so that the wall of the mold 1 supplies the outer layer of the semi-finished product with the amount of heat that is sufficient to shape the desired surface quality or for forming temperature.
Unutrašnji presjek induktora 2 prioritetno ima pravokutan oblik, ali može biti i ovalnog ili okruglog oblika odn. oblik induktora može se prilagoditi svakom obliku kalupa 1. The inner section of the inductor 2 preferably has a rectangular shape, but it can also be oval or round, or the shape of the inductor can be adapted to any mold shape 1.
Uređaj iz ovog izuma možemo koristiti i u slučaju kad kalupe 1 rotiramo u induktoru npr. kad centrigugalnim lijevanjem iz odgovarajućih umjetnih tvari izrađujemo predmete u indukciono zagrijavanim kalupima 1. The device from this invention can also be used in the case when molds 1 are rotated in an inductor, for example, when we make objects in induction-heated molds 1 by centrifugal casting from suitable artificial substances.
Uređaj je prikladan i za izradu vlaknastih pletiva npr. iz staklenih vlakana koje treba impregnirati s umjetnim tvarima npr. poliuretanskim pjenama, te ih osušiti, stisnuti i izreagirati odn. učvrstiti. The device is also suitable for making fibrous knits, for example, from glass fibers that need to be impregnated with artificial substances, for example polyurethane foams, and then dried, compressed and reacted, respectively. strengthen.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0010485A AT383775B (en) | 1985-01-17 | 1985-01-17 | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING MOLDED BODIES |
| YU4386A YU45759B (en) | 1985-01-17 | 1986-01-13 | PREPARATION FOR MAKING DESIGNS IN MOLDS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP921140A2 true HRP921140A2 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
Family
ID=25591461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR921140A HRP921140A2 (en) | 1985-01-17 | 1992-10-29 | Apparatus for the production of moulded semi-products |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| HR (1) | HRP921140A2 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-10-29 HR HR921140A patent/HRP921140A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3405322B1 (en) | Method and device for producing a particle foam part | |
| US5723849A (en) | Reinforced susceptor for induction or resistance welding of thermoplastic composites | |
| CA2823765C (en) | Method and apparatus for resin transfer molding composite parts | |
| CN100596249C (en) | Method of heating materials in order to produce objects and device for implementing said method | |
| US4563145A (en) | Alternately heatable and coolable moulding block | |
| US5641422A (en) | Thermoplastic welding of organic resin composites using a fixed coil induction heater | |
| US5989008A (en) | Multilayer mould apparatus and method | |
| SE435036B (en) | SET AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING A SITTING CUSHION | |
| CN110198822A (en) | For manufacturing the device of particle foam element | |
| JPH069877B2 (en) | Method for producing resin-impregnated glass fiber composite product | |
| JPH0399813A (en) | Apparatus and method for molding compression mold | |
| EP3544782A1 (en) | Method and device for producing a molded part consisting of a particle foam | |
| US20210402652A1 (en) | Mold with thermally conductive flanges | |
| US4731206A (en) | Process and device for the production of shaped bodies in molds | |
| HRP921140A2 (en) | Apparatus for the production of moulded semi-products | |
| US3871811A (en) | Apparatus for applying heating and cooling media to mold plate | |
| GB2119710A (en) | Producing thermoplastics material laminates, foams and articles | |
| US2526697A (en) | Dielectric heating method and apparatus | |
| US20220088838A1 (en) | Method and device for heating a mould | |
| AU688986B2 (en) | Multilayer mould apparatus and method | |
| JPH04261834A (en) | Manufacture of porous constructional body |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1OB | Publication of a patent application | ||
| OBST | Application withdrawn |