HRP921107A2

HRP921107A2 - Light-weight piston, especially for an internal ustion engine

Info

Publication number: HRP921107A2
Application number: HR921107A
Authority: HR
Inventors: Philippe Ayoul
Original assignee: Philippe Ayoul
Priority date: 1984-12-20
Filing date: 1992-10-23
Publication date: 1995-04-30

Description

Sadašnji izum se odnosi na klip, posebno za motore s unutarnjim sagorijevanjem, koji se sastoji od glave i tijela izvedenog iz jednog ili od dva dijela, ovo tijelo je izvedeno s ležajem za prijem zglobnog elementa, kao što je na primjer osovina ili kuglični zglob, koji je čvrsto vezan na kraju klipnjače. The present invention relates to a piston, especially for internal combustion engines, which consists of a head and a body made of one or two parts, this body is made with a bearing for receiving an articulated element, such as for example a shaft or a ball joint, which is firmly tied at the end of the connecting rod.

Klipovi ovog tipa imaju obično tijelo napravljeno od lagane legure, ali u slučajevima kada pritisci sagorijevanja dostignu vrlo visoke vrijednosti, kao što su na primjer 200 bara i više, javljaju se, u pregradi ležaja, naponi koje bi mogli podnijeti ova lagana legura. Pistons of this type usually have a body made of light alloy, but in cases where the combustion pressures reach very high values, such as for example 200 bar and more, stresses occur in the bearing partition that this light alloy could withstand.

U tom smislu, trebalo je tražiti otporniji materijal, kao što je na primjer lijevano željezo. Ukoliko bi se zadržala ista struktura tijela klipa, težina bi postala ta koja ograničava, a termički naponi bi bili vrlo veliki. In this sense, it was necessary to look for a more resistant material, such as, for example, cast iron. If the same structure of the piston body were kept, the weight would become the limiting factor, and the thermal stresses would be very high.

Prema već poznatim načinima, moguće je doprinijeti prvom poboljšanju tako što se izvede plašt vodilice koji je odvojen od tijela. Upotreba materijala različitog od onog od kojeg je napravljeno tijelo omogućava da se ovom plaštu dodijele specifične karakteristike kao što su mali koeficijent trenja i veća lakoća. U tom slučaju su mehaničke osobine klipa poboljšane ali, ipak, bez dostizanja lakoće tijela i klipa koji je izrađen u potpunosti od lake legure. According to already known methods, it is possible to contribute to the first improvement by performing a guide sheath which is separated from the body. The use of a material different from that of which the body is made allows this shell to be given specific characteristics such as a low coefficient of friction and greater lightness. In this case, the mechanical properties of the piston are improved, but, still, without reaching the lightness of the body and the piston, which is made entirely of light alloy.

S druge strane, poznat je, prema patentu DE 1 081 289, klip koji se sastoji od glave produžene iz jednog dijela pomoću plašta, i od tijela izvedenog iz jednog dijela s ležajem za prijem zglobnog elementa koji je kruto vezan na kraju klipnjače, s tim što taj ležaj sadrži, sa strane glave klipa, pregradu koja ograničava ležaj čija je radna površina kontinuirana. Tijelo sadrži element prijenosa i raspodjele mehaničkih napora s glave na os, s tim što je taj element jedna tanka, kružna pregrada na razini nosača glave i poravnana na razinu osi. Međutim, jedna jedina pregrada takve strukture ne može izdržati povećane pritiske sagorijevanja jer je u tom slučaju glava nedovoljno stabilna geometrijski, pri čemu su ojačanja koja imaju namjenu da ojačaju kruto vezanje nosača osi u stvari sjedište vrlo jakih napona. Što više, tijelo nije tako smišljeno da primi odvojeni plašt koji bi mogao da se napravi od lakšeg materijala. On the other hand, it is known, according to the patent DE 1 081 289, a piston consisting of a head extended from one part by means of a jacket, and from a body derived from one part with a bearing for receiving an articulated element which is rigidly connected at the end of the connecting rod, with that that this bearing contains, on the side of the piston head, a partition that limits the bearing whose working surface is continuous. The body contains an element of transmission and distribution of mechanical efforts from the head to the axis, with the fact that this element is a thin, circular partition at the level of the head support and aligned to the level of the axis. However, a single partition of such a structure cannot withstand increased combustion pressures because in this case the head is insufficiently stable geometrically, while the reinforcements intended to strengthen the rigid attachment of the axle support are in fact the seat of very strong stresses. What's more, the body is not designed to receive a separate mantle that could be made of a lighter material.

Cilj izuma je da predloži klip napravljen od otpornog materijala, na primjer od lijevanog željeza, i koji može podnijeti vrlo visoke pritiske sagorijevanja pri čemu zadržava težinu približno jednaku težini klipa napravljenog od lagane legure. Ovo se postiže zahvaljujući najboljem mogućem određivanju strukture tijela, koja omogućava da mu se olakša težina i da se ograniče deformacije ležaja koji je podvrgnut naponima, a to s druge strane ima za posljedicu izjednačavanje jediničnih pritisaka između nosača ležaja i zglobnog elementa. The object of the invention is to propose a piston made of a resistant material, for example cast iron, and capable of withstanding very high combustion pressures while maintaining a weight approximately equal to that of a piston made of light alloy. This is achieved thanks to the best possible determination of the body structure, which allows to lighten its weight and to limit the deformations of the bearing subjected to stresses, which on the other hand has the effect of equalizing the unit pressures between the bearing support and the joint element.

Klip prema sadašnjem izumu je naznačen time što se glava oslanja na tijelo preko najmanje dvije potporne kružne površine, s tim što dio tijela koji povezuje pregradu s potpornim površinama čine najmanje dvije tanke pregrade oblika krnjeg stošca čije su osi simetrije pravocrtne, pri čemu se svaka tanka pregrada oslanja na različitu potpornu površinu. The piston according to the present invention is indicated by the fact that the head rests on the body via at least two supporting circular surfaces, with the part of the body connecting the partition with the supporting surfaces consisting of at least two thin partitions in the form of a truncated cone whose symmetry axes are rectilinear, each thin the partition rests on a different support surface.

Ovaj klip ima također slijedeće osobine: This clip also has the following features:

- za svaki poprečni presjek klipa, dodirne točke osi simetrije pregrada su smještene, u odnosu na veliku pregradu, sa stane zglobnog elementa, - for each cross-section of the piston, the points of contact of the axis of symmetry of the partitions are located, in relation to the large partition, from the position of the joint element,

- dodirne točke osi simetrije pregrada s nosačem pregrade definiraju susjedne segmente i/ili lukove čiji odnos dužine između najmanjeg i najvećeg nije manji od 0,1, - the points of contact of the partition symmetry axis with the partition support define adjacent segments and/or arcs whose length ratio between the smallest and the largest is not less than 0.1,

- kip ima prstenastu pregradu koja međusobno povezuje dodirne površine tijela klipa, s tim što prstenasta pregrada ograničava s jedne stane s pregradama oblika krnjeg stošca i velikom pregradom ležaja prstenastu komoru, a s druge strane, s glavom klipa drugu prstenastu komoru, s tim što ove prstenaste komore predstavljaju dio protočnog puta fluida za hlađenje klipa i međusobno su povezane otvorima. - the statue has an annular partition that connects the contact surfaces of the piston body with each other, with the fact that the annular partition limits the annular chamber on one side with truncated cone-shaped partitions and a large bearing partition, and on the other side, with the piston head, another annular chamber, with the fact that these annular the chambers represent part of the flow path of the fluid for cooling the piston and are interconnected by openings.

Dolje niže u tekstu, opisan je, u obliku primjera koji ne ograničava primjenu izuma, i u odnosu na priložene crteže, klip prema izumu. Below in the text, the piston according to the invention is described, in the form of an example that does not limit the application of the invention, and in relation to the attached drawings.

Slika 1 je izgled klipa u poprečnom presjeku, koji je zglobno vezan za klipnjaču na čijem kraju je kruto vezana zglobna osovina. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the piston, which is hinged to the connecting rod, at the end of which a hinged shaft is rigidly connected.

Slika 2 je izgled u presjeku prema II sa slike na kojoj osovina i klipnjača nisu prikazane. Figure 2 is a sectional view according to II from the figure, where the shaft and connecting rod are not shown.

Slika 3 je izgled odozgo u presjeku prema III slike 2. Figure 3 is a top view in section according to III of Figure 2.

Na slici 1, prikazan je klip prema izumu koji se sastoji od glave 1 i tijela 2 koji se okreće oko klipnjače 3 pomoću zglobne osovine 10. Figure 1 shows a piston according to the invention consisting of a head 1 and a body 2 that rotates around a connecting rod 3 by means of a hinged shaft 10.

Glava 1 se oslanja na tijelo 2 posredstvom dvije kružne, potporne površine 4,5. Predviđena su već poznata sredstva za kruto vezivanje, a koja nisu prikazana, između glave i tijela. The head 1 rests on the body 2 by means of two circular, supporting surfaces 4,5. Already known means for rigid binding, which are not shown, are provided between the head and the body.

Tijelo 2 predstavlja, na ovoj slici, odvojeni plašt 2A, međutim podrazumijeva se da tijelo i plašt mogu biti u jednom istom, jedinstvenom komadu. The body 2 represents, in this figure, the separate shell 2A, however it is understood that the body and the shell can be in one and the same, unique piece.

Tijelo 2 sadrži ležaj 6 koji ima, sa strane glave klipa, pregradu 7 koja definira poluležaj koji se pruža čitavom širinom tijela, a sa strane klipnjače, ležaj 6 ima dva poluležaja 9 smještena s jedne i druge strane klipnjače, s tim što je samo jedan od ovih poluležaja prikazan pošto je slika dana u presjeku. Ova dva poluležaja su prikazana na slici 2. Pregrada 7 određuje radnu površinu 8 koja je polukružna, dužinom čitave širine tijela klipa, kao što je prikazano na slici 2. The body 2 contains a bearing 6 which has, on the side of the piston head, a partition 7 that defines a half-bearing that extends across the entire width of the body, and on the side of the connecting rod, the bearing 6 has two half-bearings 9 located on one and the other side of the connecting rod, with only one of these half-bearings shown since the image is given in section. These two half-bearings are shown in figure 2. The partition 7 defines a working surface 8 which is semi-circular, the length of the entire width of the piston body, as shown in figure 2.

Ovaj ležaj 6 prima zglobnu osovinu 10 koja je kruto vezana na kraj klipnjače 3 pomoću sredstava koji nisu prikazani. Sasvim je moguće da se postavi umetak između ležaja 6 i osovine 10. This bearing 6 receives the pivot shaft 10 which is rigidly connected to the end of the connecting rod 3 by means not shown. It is quite possible to place an insert between bearing 6 and shaft 10.

Pregrada 7 je povezana sa svakom potpornom kružnom površinom 4, 5 pomoću tankih pregrada 11, 12, koje su oblika krnjeg stošca. Debljina i profil ovih pregrada nisu konstantni i mijenjaju se u ovisnosti o položaju ravnine vodoravnog presjeka. Slika 3 prikazuje jedan određeni oblik pregrada 11, 12. The partition 7 is connected to each supporting circular surface 4, 5 by means of thin partitions 11, 12, which are in the shape of a truncated cone. The thickness and profile of these partitions are not constant and change depending on the position of the horizontal section plane. Figure 3 shows one specific form of partitions 11, 12.

Potporne površine 4, 5 su međusobno povezane prstenastom pregradom 19. Ova pregrada 19 povezuje dakle vrhove ovih pregrada 11, 12 i aktivno doprinose krutosti tijela klipa. The support surfaces 4, 5 are interconnected by an annular partition 19. This partition 19 therefore connects the tops of these partitions 11, 12 and actively contributes to the rigidity of the piston body.

Ova prstenasta pregrada 19 definira, s pregradama 11, 12 i s pregradom 7 prstenastu komoru 20, a s glavom 1 prstenastu komoru 27. This annular partition 19 defines, with the partitions 11, 12 and with the partition 7, the annular chamber 20, and with the head 1 the annular chamber 27.

Protok ulja neophodan za podmazivanje i hlađenje se sastoji od otvora 26 kroz koji ulazi ulje koje se penje u klipnjaču, žlijeba 25 koji se nalazi u radnoj površini 8 pregrade 7 ili u ležaju u slučaju njegovog prisustva, od dva mala žlijeba 33, koja se vide na slici 2, koji se također nalaze u radnoj površini 8 pregrade 7, od dva okomita kanala 24 koja ulaze u komoru 27, od dva kanala 23 koja su postavljena kružno i povezuju komoru 27 sa središnjom komorom 32, od kanala 22 koja povezuje središnju komoru 32 s prstenastom komorom 20 i na kraju od kanala 21 koji povezuje prstenastu komoru 20 s unutrašnjosti plašta 25, i zatim ulje silazi u karter. The flow of oil necessary for lubrication and cooling consists of an opening 26 through which oil enters the piston rod, a groove 25 located in the working surface 8 of the partition 7 or in the bearing if it is present, of two small grooves 33, which are visible in Figure 2, which are also located in the working surface 8 of the partition 7, from two vertical channels 24 that enter the chamber 27, from two channels 23 that are placed circularly and connect the chamber 27 with the central chamber 32, from the channel 22 that connects the central chamber 32 with the annular chamber 20 and finally from the channel 21 that connects the annular chamber 20 with the inside of the casing 25, and then the oil goes down into the sump.

Dodirne geometrijske točke 17, 18 osi simetrije pregrada 11, 12, i respektivno 14, 15 i 13, 16 su smještene u odnosu na radnu površinu pregrade 7 sa strane osovine. The contact geometric points 17, 18 of the axis of symmetry of the partitions 11, 12, and respectively 14, 15 and 13, 16 are located in relation to the working surface of the partition 7 on the axis side.

Claims

1. A piston, especially for engines with internal combustion, which consists of a head and a body that has a cover (2A) and is provided with a bearing (6) for holding the joint element (10) which is rigidly attached to one end of the connecting rod (3), and said bearing (6) contains on the side facing the piston head a partition (7) which forms a bearing, whose working surface (8) is continuous, and the head is fitted to the body (2) via at least two circular support surfaces (4,5 ), indicated by the fact that the part of the head (2) connecting the partition (7) forms a bearing with support surfaces (4,5) consisting of at least two thin partitions (11,12), whose longitudinal axes (13,14,14 ,16) are rectilinear, where each partition rests on a different support surface (4,5) and the ring wall (19) connects the support surfaces (4,5) of the piston body and defines, together with two thin partitions (11,12) on one side, and with the partition (7) it forms a bearing on the other side, and the first annular chamber (20), with the help of the piston head (1) the second annular chamber (27).

2. A piston according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that for each given cross-section of the piston that includes the axes of the piston, the points of intersection thereof (17,18) on the corresponding longitudinal axes (14,15,13,16) of the partitions (17,18) are placed on the side for receiving the hinged element (10), in relation to the working surface (8) of the partition (7) that forms the bearing.

3. A piston according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that for each given cross section, including the I axis of the piston, the contact points (28 to 31) and the longitudinal axes (13 to 16) of the partition (11,12) with the working surface (8) of the partition ( 7) forms a bed, and defines adjacent segments and/or arcs (28-29; 29-30; 30-31) whose ratio of the smallest length to the largest length is not less than 0.1.

4. A piston according to claim 1, characterized in that both annular chambers (20, 27) are parts of the piston fluid cooling circuit and are connected by openings (22, 23).

5. A piston according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (2) contains a separate sleeve (2A).