HRP920017A2 - Multiple use prefabricated formwork used in vertical engineering structures - Google Patents
Multiple use prefabricated formwork used in vertical engineering structures Download PDFInfo
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- HRP920017A2 HRP920017A2 HRP920017A HRP920017A2 HR P920017 A2 HRP920017 A2 HR P920017A2 HR P920017 A HRP920017 A HR P920017A HR P920017 A2 HRP920017 A2 HR P920017A2
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- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
Montažna oplata za vertikalne građevinske konstrukcije za mnogokratnu upotrebu Prefabricated formwork for vertical building structures for multiple use
Oblast tehnike The field of technology
Izum spada u oblast građevinarstva općenito, a naročito u oblast betonskih i armirano-betonskih konstrukcija u području oplata za izradu betonskih i armirano-betonskih vertikalnih konstrukcijskih dijelova u visokogradnji i niskogradnji. The invention belongs to the field of construction in general, and especially to the field of concrete and reinforced concrete constructions in the field of formwork for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete vertical structural parts in high-rise and low-rise construction.
Prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata predmet izuma je svrstan i označen klasifikacionim simbolom E 04 G 11/00 kojim su definirane oplate i skele za oplatu za izradu zidova. According to the International Classification of Patents, the subject of the invention is classified and marked with the classification symbol E 04 G 11/00, which defines formwork and formwork scaffolding for the construction of walls.
Tehnički problem Technical problem
Tehnički problem koji se rješava ovim izumom sastoji se u slijedećem, kako konstrukcijski riješiti oplatu sa relativno malim brojem elemenata kojima će biti omogućena jednostavna i brza montaža sa ciljem dobivanja jednostrane ili dvostrane oplate bez obzira na tlocrtne dimenzije građevine, a da pri tome svi elementi predmetne oplate budu, bez oštećivanja, mnogokratno upotrebljivi, kao i da se pločasti elementi, na prethodno postavljenoj i fiksiranoj otvorenoj nosećoj konstrukciji, učvrste neposredno prije isipavanja betonske mase čime se omogućava, naročito kod izgradnje visokih betonskih ili armiranobetonskih zidova; stupova i drugog, lakši pristup i bolja obrada npr. vibriranjem, ispiranog sloja betonske mase. The technical problem that is solved by this invention consists in the following, how to structurally solve the formwork with a relatively small number of elements that will enable simple and quick assembly with the aim of obtaining one-sided or double-sided formwork regardless of the floor plan dimensions of the building, while at the same time all the elements in question the formwork can be used many times without damage, as well as that the panel elements, on the previously installed and fixed open supporting structure, are fixed immediately before pouring the concrete mass, which makes it possible, especially when building high concrete or reinforced concrete walls; columns and others, easier access and better processing, for example by vibrating, of the washed layer of concrete mass.
Definirani tehnički problem riješen je predloženom konstrukcijom montažne oplate prema ovom izumu. The defined technical problem is solved by the proposed construction of the prefabricated formwork according to this invention.
Stanje tehnike State of the art
Montažne oplate za izradu vertikalnih građevinskih konstrukcija kakve su danas najčešće u upotrebi su velikih ploha. Svaki od velikoplošnih elemenata da bi spriječilo njegovo savijanje ojačan je u horizontalnom i vertikalnom smjeru rebrima izvedenim od metalnih profila. Povezivanje velikoplošnih panela izvedeno je u najčešće slučajeva klinovima postavljenim u za to izvedenim ušicama. Paneli, da bi se omogućila izrada oplata različitih tlocrtnih dimenzija, izvode se u više modularnih širina i nekoliko različitih visina. Više, međusobno klinovima i ušicama povezanih panela, ukrućeni su u horizontalnom smjeru, a po potrebi i u vertikalnom smjeru pomoću posebnih metalnih profila koji na preklopima međusobno povezani vijcima ili vijčanim spojnicama. Prefabricated formwork for the production of vertical building structures, as they are most often used today, are of large surfaces. Each of the large-area elements is reinforced in the horizontal and vertical direction with ribs made of metal profiles to prevent it from bending. The connection of large-area panels is performed in most cases with pegs placed in specially designed eyelets. The panels, in order to enable the production of formwork with different floor plan dimensions, are produced in several modular widths and several different heights. Several panels, connected to each other by pegs and eyelets, are stiffened in the horizontal direction and, if necessary, in the vertical direction by means of special metal profiles that are connected to each other on the overlaps with screws or screw connectors.
Opisana velikoplošna oplata nije podesna za rukovanje jer se u prijenosu po gradilištu i kod namještanja moraju koristiti posebna vozila; sredstva za vertikalni transport. Ako se paneli žele sačuvati za višekratnu upotrebu zbog velikog broja moduliranih širina to je dosta otežano. Kada gradilište ne raspolaže svim potrebnim modularnim širinama oplate, a naročito dvostrane izvode se kombinacijom panela sa klasičnom daščanom oplatom na više mjesta, a naročito ako su razmaci između pojedinih zidova malih dimenzija. Kako se dvostrana oplata velikoplošnim panelima izvodi za cijelu visinu zida betoniranje je otežano naročito vibriranje betonske mase u donjim dijelovima zida. Provlačenje radne glave vibratora osobito je otežano ako je unutar dvostrane oplate smještena armaturna mreža. Za povezivanje stranica dvostrane oplate koriste se spone pri čemu su na panelima izvedeni za to predviđeni otvori. Međutim obično se otvori vanjskih panela osno ne poklapaju s otvorima na unutarnjim panelima dvostrane oplate pa se moraju bušenjem na mjestu postave izvoditi novi otvori što dodatno otežava montažu, a nakon demontaže potrebno je dodatno otvore sanirati. The described large-scale formwork is not suitable for handling, as special vehicles must be used for transportation around the construction site and for installation; means for vertical transport. If the panels want to be saved for repeated use due to the large number of modulated widths, it is quite difficult. When the construction site does not have all the necessary modular widths of formwork, especially double-sided ones, they are made by combining panels with classic wooden formwork in several places, especially if the spaces between individual walls are small. Since the double-sided formwork with large-area panels is performed for the entire height of the wall, concreting is difficult, especially the vibration of the concrete mass in the lower parts of the wall. Pulling the working head of the vibrator is particularly difficult if there is a reinforcing mesh inside the double-sided formwork. Fasteners are used to connect the sides of the double-sided formwork, and the panels have openings designed for this purpose. However, usually the openings of the outer panels do not coincide axially with the openings on the inner panels of the double-sided formwork, so new openings must be made by drilling at the place of installation, which makes assembly even more difficult, and after disassembly, the openings need to be repaired additionally.
Gore navedeno su osnovni nedostaci poznatog konstrukcijskog rješenja oplate i cilj rješenja prema ovom izumu je u tome da se izvede oplata sa što manje raznovrsnih elemenata, pri čemu će svi montažni paneli izuzimajući nekoliko spojnih i međupanela biti iste širine, a pri čemu će se svaki pojedini panel i bez upotrebe sredstava za prijenos moći brzo postaviti i utvrditi odnosno demontirati. The above are the main disadvantages of the known structural formwork solution, and the goal of the solution according to this invention is to make the formwork with as few different elements as possible, whereby all assembly panels, with the exception of a few connecting and intermediate panels, will be of the same width, and each individual one will the panel and without the use of means of transfer can be quickly installed and fixed or dismantled.
Opis rješenja tehničkog problema Description of the solution to the technical problem
Konstrukcijskim rješenjem prema ovom izumu predviđeni su vertikalni “I” profili dvostruke središnje stijenke sa uzdužnom pravokutnom stjenkom dvostrane oplate postavljeni su u međusobno zrcalno simetričnom položaju i uzduž budućeg zida su na jednakim razmacima. Kao posebna cjelina za nakladanje izveden je uglovni element unutarnje stjenke oplate s dva rubno učvršćena vertikalna “I” profila s dvostrukom spojnom stijenkom. Kod toga je važno napomenuti da su “I” profili presjekom izvedeni tako da su rubne stranice poprečne stijenke, koja dolazi na plohu betonskog zida, koso odsječene, a unutarnje plohe uz spojne stjenke su po cijeloj dužini užlijebljene. Pored toga na vanjskim plohama spojnih stjenki izvedena su po dva izdanka pravokutnog presjeka. Uz vanjske poprečne stjenke vertikalnih I profila učvršćeni su horizontalno položeni ukrutni I profili povezani spojnicama i vijcima. Na obostranim rubovima uloženih pločastih panela učvršćeni su metalni rubnjaci posebno profiliranog presjeka. The construction solution according to this invention envisages vertical "I" profiles of a double central wall with a longitudinal rectangular wall of double-sided formwork, which are placed in a mutually mirror-symmetrical position and are at equal intervals along the future wall. As a separate unit for loading, the corner element of the inner wall of the formwork is made with two edge-fixed vertical "I" profiles with a double connecting wall. Here, it is important to note that the "I" profiles are made in such a way that the edges of the transverse wall, which comes on the surface of the concrete wall, are obliquely cut, and the inner surfaces next to the connecting walls are grooved along the entire length. In addition, on the outer surfaces of the connecting walls, two outcrops of rectangular section were made. Along the outer cross walls of the vertical I-profiles, horizontally laid rigid I-profiles connected by connectors and screws are fixed. Metal curbs of a specially profiled section are fixed on both sides of the inserted plate panels.
Opisana otvorena konstrukcija izvedena od vertikalnih I profila sa dvostrukom veznom stjenkom ukrućenih horizontalnim I profilima omogućava da se pločasti paneli neposredno prije uljevanja betonske mase profiliranim rubnjacima postave uz unutarnje užlijebljene površine spojne stjenke dvaju susjednih vertikalnih I profila i učvrste pomoću razupora. Nakon što se betonska masa stvrdne odstrane se razupore te se pločasti paneli lako izvode i postave na novo mjesto gdje će se nastaviti usipavanje betonske mase. Time je na otvorenoj konstrukciji izvedenoj u tlocrtu jedne građevine omogućena izvedba betonskog zida sa relativno malim brojem identičnih pločastih panela. To bi bila osnovna prednost predmetnog izuma. The described open construction made of vertical I-profiles with a double connecting wall stiffened with horizontal I-profiles enables the plate panels to be placed next to the inner grooved surfaces of the connecting wall of two adjacent vertical I-profiles and fastened with spacers immediately before pouring the concrete mass with profiled curbs. After the concrete mass hardens, they are removed and the panels are easily removed and placed in a new place where the pouring of the concrete mass will continue. This enables the construction of a concrete wall with a relatively small number of identical plate panels on an open construction made in the floor plan of one building. This would be the basic advantage of the subject invention.
Pored toga izum ima i druge povoljnosti kao što je pojednostavljena postava okvirnih oplata na mjestu otvora u zidovima kao i montaža armaturnih mreža bez obzira radi li se o jednostranoj ili dvostranoj oplati. In addition, the invention has other advantages, such as the simplified installation of frame formwork at the opening in the walls, as well as the installation of reinforcing mesh, regardless of whether it is one-sided or double-sided formwork.
Predmet izuma u konkretnom i upotrebljivom primjeru konstrukcijske izvedbe prikazan je na priloženim crtežima gdje: The subject of the invention in a concrete and usable example of the structural design is shown in the attached drawings where:
slika 1 prikazuje karakterističan dio dvostrane oplate referentan za cjelokupnu tlocrtnu izvedbu neke građevine Figure 1 shows a characteristic part of the double-sided formwork, a reference for the entire floor plan of a building
slika 2 prikazuje detaljnije karakteristične presjeke vertikalnih I profila sa elementima za međusobno povezivanje i ukrućivanje u tlocrtu Figure 2 shows in more detail characteristic sections of vertical I-profiles with elements for interconnection and stiffening in the floor plan
slika 3 prikazuje dvostranu oplatu u vertikalnom presjeku “A-A” iz slike 1 kroz pločaste panele figure 3 shows the double-sided formwork in the vertical section "A-A" from figure 1 through the plate panels
slika 4 prikazuje dvostranu oplatu u vertikalnom presjeku “B-B” iz slike 1 kroz središnju osnu ravninu vertikalnog I profila Figure 4 shows the double-sided formwork in the vertical section "B-B" from Figure 1 through the central axial plane of the vertical I profile
slika 5 prikazuje detalj I iz slike 3 Figure 5 shows detail I from Figure 3
slika 6 prikazuje detalj I u pogledu “C” s vanjske strane figure 6 shows detail I in view “C” from the outside
slika 7 prikazuje detalj II iz slike 4 Figure 7 shows detail II from Figure 4
slika 8 prikazuje detalj II u pogledu “D” s vanjske strane figure 8 shows detail II in view “D” from the outside
slika 9 prikazuje detalj III iz slike 4 Figure 9 shows detail III from Figure 4
slika 10 prikazuje detalj II u pogledu “E” s vanjske strane Fig. 10 shows detail II in view "E" from the outside
Osnova konstrukcije oplate čine vertikalni profili 1 strogo definiranog “I” presjeka tako da su im prednja i stražnja stranica 2, 3 međusobno povezane sa parom vezanih stijenki 4. Stjenka prednje stranice 2 je nešto veće širine i debljine od stražnje stranice 3. Pored toga obostrane rubne površine 5 prednje stranice 2 izvedene su u kosim ravninama dok su na stražnjim plohama s jedne i druge strane neposredno uz vezne stjenke po cijeloj dužini vertikalnih profila 1 izvedeni žljebovi 6 trapeznog presjeka. The base of the formwork construction consists of vertical profiles 1 with a strictly defined "I" section so that their front and back sides 2, 3 are interconnected with a pair of connected walls 4. The wall of the front side 2 is slightly wider and thicker than the back side 3. In addition, both sides the edge surfaces 5 of the front side 2 are made in oblique planes, while on the back surfaces on one and the other side, directly next to the connecting walls, along the entire length of the vertical profiles 1, grooves 6 of trapezoidal cross-section are made.
Na vanjskim plohama veznih stijenki 4 po cijeloj dužini vertikalnih profila 1, izvedena su po dva izdanka 7 pravokutnog presjeka između veznih stijenki 4 vertikalnog profila 1 oformljena je šupljina 8 izduženog pravokutnog presjeka. Opisani presjek vertikalnog profila 1 oplate je time jednoosno simetričan pri čemu je os simetrije položena u ravnini paralelnoj s veznim stjenkama 4, a koja po polovici siječe šupljinu 8. On the outer surfaces of the connecting walls 4 along the entire length of the vertical profiles 1, two protrusions 7 of rectangular cross-section are made, and between the connecting walls 4 of the vertical profile 1, a cavity 8 of elongated rectangular cross-section is formed. The described cross-section of the vertical profile 1 of the formwork is thus uniaxially symmetrical, with the axis of symmetry lying in a plane parallel to the connecting walls 4, which cuts the cavity 8 in half.
Vertikalni profil 1 za praktičnu primjenu je visine definirane sa “h”, a koja je predviđena za uobičajenu visinu jedne etaže građevine. Za vrijednost veličine označene s “h1” računajući od gornjeg i donjeg kraja, te od sredine na jednu i drugu stranu, kroz prednju i stražnju stranicu 2, 3 u poprečnim osnim pravcima “p1” položenim u središnjoj ravnini simetrije vertikalnog profila 1 izvedeno je po tri provrta 2.1, 3.1. Pored toga za vrijednost veličine “2h1” računajući od gornjeg i donjeg kraja, te na sredini, kao i na jednu i drugu stranu također za vrijednost veličine “2h1” računajući od sredine, kroz stražnju stjenku 3 u osnim pravcima “p2” izvedeno je pet provrta 3.2. U odnosu na ukupnu visinu “h” vertikalnog profila 1 veličina definirana sa “h1” kojima su određeni osni razmaci “p1”, “p2” provrta 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 iznosi, za praktičnu primjenu, oko jednu dvadesetinu ukupne visine “h”. Vertical profile 1 for practical use has a height defined by "h", which is intended for the usual height of one floor of a building. For the value of the size marked with "h1", counting from the upper and lower ends, and from the middle to one side and the other, through the front and back pages 2, 3 in the transverse axial directions "p1" laid in the central plane of symmetry of the vertical profile 1, it was performed according to three holes 2.1, 3.1. In addition, for the value of the size "2x1" counting from the upper and lower ends, and in the middle, as well as on one and the other side also for the value of the size "2x1" counting from the middle, through the back wall 3 in the axial directions "p2" five borehole 3.2. In relation to the total height "h" of the vertical profile 1, the size defined by "h1" which defines the axial distances "p1", "p2" of the holes 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 is, for practical use, about one twentieth of the total height "h".
Vertikalni profili 1.1 izvedeni su u veličini 1/2 visine “h”, osnovnog vertikalnog profila 1. Na prednjim i stražnjim stranicama 2, 3 u poprečnim osnim pravcima “p1”, odmaknuto od krajeva za veličinu “h1”, izvedena su po dva provrta 2.1, 3.1, dok su provrti 3.2 izvedeni na stražnjim stranicama 3 položeni u osnim pravcima “p2” odmaknuti od krajeva za veličinu “2h1” prikraćenog vertikalnog profila 1.1. Vertical profiles 1.1 are made in the size 1/2 the height "h", of the basic vertical profile 1. On the front and back sides 2, 3 in the transverse axis directions "p1", separated from the ends by the size "h1", two holes are made 2.1, 3.1, while the holes 3.2 made on the back sides 3 are laid in the axial directions "p2" moved away from the ends by the size "2h1" of the shortened vertical profile 1.1.
Vertikalni profili 1, 1.1 su međusobno po visini spojeni profiliranim moždanicima 9 koji su uglavljeni u čeonim otvorima šupljina 8 formiranih između spojnih stijenki 4 i to obostrano u dubini veličine manje od veličine definirane sa “h1” čvrste veze moždanicima 9 čeonog spoja dva vertikalna profila 1, 1.1 ostvarena je pomoću vijaka 10 postavljenim kroz za to predviđene provrte na stjenkama 4 i moždaniku 9. The vertical profiles 1, 1.1 are connected to each other in height by profiled brackets 9 which are wedged into the frontal openings of the cavities 8 formed between the connecting walls 4 and on both sides at a depth smaller than the size defined by "h1" of the solid connection to the brackets 9 of the frontal connection of two vertical profiles 1 , 1.1 is realized by means of screws 10 placed through the provided holes on the walls 4 and the brain 9.
Unutarnji uglovni element 11 oplate sastoji se od dva vertikalna profila 1 visine “h” ili od dva vertikalna profila 1.1 visine “h/2” koji su postavljeni tako da im se produžeci ravnine površina prednjih stranica 2 sijeku pod pravim kutom u kojem se nalazi ugovni vertikalni “L” profil 12. The internal corner element 11 of the formwork consists of two vertical profiles 1 of height "h" or of two vertical profiles 1.1 of height "h/2" which are placed so that the extensions of the planes of the surfaces of the front sides 2 intersect at the right angle in which the corner is located. vertical "L" profile 12.
Drugi vertikalni “L” profil 13 postavljen je tako da su unutarnje površine položene u ravninama koje leže na površinama stražnjih stranica 3. Između unutarnjeg brida profila 12 i vanjskog brida 13 na više mjesta po visini ugaonog elementa 11 zavareno je učvršćena trakasta razuporna ploča 14 obostrano krilno ojačana horizontalnim pločama 15. Preko unutarnjih rubova ploče 15 i unutarnjih ploha “L” profila 13 horizontalno u vertikalnim ravninama zavareno su učvršćeni pločasti krakovi 16 koji su u nastavku poprečno prislonjeni i preko ruba povijeni uz stražnje stranice 3 vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1, a za koje su vijčano ili zakovano učvršćeni. Lamelirane ploče 29.1 koje su površinom lica postavljene u ravninama površina prednjih stranica 2 vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1, unutarnjim površinama prislonjene su i učvršćene za trakaste elemente 17 zavarene okomito na vanjske rubove krilnih ploča 15. Lamelirane ploče 29.1 jednim vertikalnim rubom su prislonjene uz bridove vertikalnog “L” profila 12, a s druge strane krilnim istakama 31, na primjer zabijeno učvršćenih profiliranih rubnjaka 30, dosjedaju u žljebove 6 vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1. pripadajućih unutarnjem uglovnom elementu 11. Kod svih unutarnjih uglovnih elemenata 11 predviđenih za oplatu prema ovom izumu, rasponi od središnjih razdjelnih osnih ravnina vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1 do brida vertikalnog “L” profila 12 određeni su veličinom “1/2”. Visine unutarnjih uglovnih elemenata 11 također su definirane veličinom “h” ili veličinom “h/2” ovisno jesu li za njihovu izradu upotrebljeni vertikalni profili 1.1. The second vertical "L" profile 13 is placed so that the inner surfaces are laid in the planes that lie on the surfaces of the rear sides 3. Between the inner edge of the profile 12 and the outer edge 13, in several places along the height of the corner element 11, a banded spacer plate 14 is welded and fixed on both sides wing reinforced with horizontal plates 15. Over the inner edges of the plate 15 and the inner surfaces of the "L" profile 13 horizontally in the vertical planes, the plate arms 16 are welded and secured, which are then transversely supported and bent over the edge against the rear sides 3 of the vertical profiles 1, 1.1, and to which they are fixed with screws or rivets. Laminated panels 29.1, which are placed in the planes of the surfaces of the front sides 2 of vertical profiles 1, 1.1, with their inner surfaces are abutted and fixed to strip elements 17 welded vertically to the outer edges of the wing panels 15. Laminated panels 29.1 are abutted by one vertical edge to the edges of the vertical "L" profile 12, and on the other hand, wing protrusions 31, for example nailed profiled curbs 30, fit into grooves 6 of vertical profiles 1, 1.1. belonging to the internal corner element 11. With all the internal corner elements 11 intended for formwork according to this invention, the ranges from the central dividing axial planes of the vertical profiles 1, 1.1 to the edge of the vertical "L" profile 12 are determined by the size "1/2". The heights of the internal corner elements 11 are also defined by the size "h" or the size "h/2", depending on whether vertical profiles 1.1 were used for their production.
Prema slici 1 prikazan je dio tlocrta buduće građevine koji ima vanjske zidove “Zx”, “Zy”, te pregradne zidove “Z1”, “Z2”, a koji su različitih širina označenih s “nx”, “ny”, “n1”, “n2”. Na uglu vanjskih zidova “Zx”, “Zy” kostur vanjske stijenke oplate čine dva vertikalna profila 11 pri čemu je početni profil 11 uz zid “Zx” postavljen u vertikalnoj ravnini simetrije “r1”, a drugi profil 11 pripadajući zidu “Zy” prednjom stranicom 2 prislonjen je uz brid prednje stranice 2 profila 1 zida “Zx” tako je ravnina simetrije “r10” profila 1 zida “Zy” u ravnini lica vanjske stijenke oplate zida “Zx”. Unutarnji uglovni element 11 kostura unutarnje oplate na uglu vanjskih zidova “Zx”, “Zy” postavljen je tako da su mu vertikalni profili 1 postavljeni u ravninama simetrije “r2”, “r11” nasuprot kojih na udaljenosti širina označenih sa “nx”, “ny” zidova “Zx”, “Zy” su postavljeni njima pripadajući parovi vertikalnih profila 1 kostura vanjske stijenke oplate. Prema tome raspon “1x” između ravnina simetrije “r10”, “r11” jednak zbroju raspona “1/2” uglovnog elementa 11 i širine “nx” zida “Zx”. Raspon “1y” jednak je zbroju raspona “1/2”, širine “ny” i širini jedne polovine prednje stranice 2 vertikalnog profila 1. Rasponi “1x”, “1y” ovise o širinama “nx”, “ny” vanjskih zidova “Zx”, “Zy” te ukoliko odstupaju od osnovne veličine raspona “1”. According to Figure 1, part of the floor plan of the future building is shown, which has external walls "Zx", "Zy", and partition walls "Z1", "Z2", which are of different widths marked with "nx", "ny", "n1". , "n2". At the corner of the outer walls "Zx", "Zy", the skeleton of the outer wall of the formwork consists of two vertical profiles 11, where the initial profile 11 next to the wall "Zx" is placed in the vertical plane of symmetry "r1", and the second profile 11 belonging to the wall "Zy" in front side 2 is pressed against the edge of the front side 2 of profile 1 of wall "Zx", so the plane of symmetry "r10" of profile 1 of wall "Zy" is in the plane of the face of the outer wall of the formwork of wall "Zx". The internal corner element 11 of the skeleton of the internal formwork at the corner of the external walls "Zx", "Zy" is placed in such a way that its vertical profiles 1 are placed in the planes of symmetry "r2", "r11" opposite which at a distance of width marked with "nx", " ny" of the walls "Zx", "Zy", the corresponding pairs of vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the outer wall of the formwork are placed. Accordingly, the range "1x" between the planes of symmetry "r10", "r11" is equal to the sum of the range "1/2" of the corner element 11 and the width "nx" of the wall "Zx". The span "1y" is equal to the sum of the span "1/2", the width "ny" and the width of one half of the front side 2 of the vertical profile 1. The spans "1x", "1y" depend on the widths "nx", "ny" of the outer walls " Zx", "Zy" and if they deviate from the basic size of the range "1".
Na spoju pregradnog zida “Z1” vanjskog zida “Zx” postavljena su dva ugaona elementa 11 na razmaku širine “n1” zida “Z1”. Nasuprot vertikalnih profila 1 uglovnih elemenata 11 u ravninama simetrije “r7”, “r9” postavljeni su vertikalni profili 1 kostura vanjske stjenke oplate zida”Zx”, između kojih je u ravnini “r8” postavljen dodatni vertikalni profil 1. Profili 1 u ravninama “r7”, “r8” su postavljeni u rasponu “1” osnovne veličine dok je raspon “11” između profila 1 u ravninama “r8” i ”r9” jednak širini “n1” pregradnog zida “Z1”. Od ravnina simetrije “r2”, “r7” prema sredini dužine zida “Zx” računajući udaljenost između vanjskog zida “Zy” i pregradnog zida “Z1” ostali parovi zrcalno simetrično postavljenih vertikalnih profila 1 kostura vanjske i unutarnje stjenke oplate postavljeni su u ravninama simetrije “r3”, “r4”, “r6”, “r5” u osnovnim rasponima “1”. Na sredini tog dijela vanjskog zida “Zx” između parova vertikalnih profila postavljenim u ravninama simetrije “r4”, “r5” pojavljuje se raspon “12” neodređene veličine, a koji ovisi o tlocrtnim dimenzijama tog dijela građevine. At the junction of the partition wall "Z1" with the outer wall "Zx", two corner elements 11 are placed at a distance of width "n1" of the wall "Z1". Opposite the vertical profiles 1 of the corner elements 11 in the planes of symmetry "r7", "r9" are placed the vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the outer wall of the wall formwork "Zx", between which an additional vertical profile 1 is placed in the plane "r8". Profiles 1 in the planes " r7", "r8" are set in the range "1" of the basic size, while the range "11" between profile 1 in the planes "r8" and "r9" is equal to the width "n1" of the partition wall "Z1". From the symmetry planes "r2", "r7" towards the middle of the length of the wall "Zx", calculating the distance between the outer wall "Zy" and the partition wall "Z1", the other pairs of mirror-symmetrically placed vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the outer and inner walls of the formwork are placed in the planes of symmetry “r3”, “r4”, “r6”, “r5” in basic ranges “1”. In the middle of that part of the outer wall "Zx" between the pairs of vertical profiles placed in the planes of symmetry "r4", "r5" appears a range "12" of undetermined size, which depends on the floor plan dimensions of that part of the building.
Na isti način u veličinama osnovnog raspona “1” od nasuprotnih profila 1 uglovnih elemenata 11, a koji su u ravnini simetrije “r15”, u ravninama simetrije “r16”, “r17” porazmješteni su parovi vertikalnih profila 1 kostura dvostrane oplate pregradnog zida “Z1”. In the same way, in the sizes of the basic range "1" of the opposite profiles 1 of the corner elements 11, which are in the plane of symmetry "r15", in the planes of symmetry "r16", "r17" are placed pairs of vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the double-sided formwork of the partition wall " Z1".
Kod prikazanog primjera na slici 1 pored pregradnog zida “Z1” predviđen je zid “Z2” izveden iz vanjskog zida “Zy”. U prikazanom primjeru raspon između zidova “Zx”, “Z2” iznosi točno 8/6 osnovnog raspona “1” tako da su profili 1 dvaju susjednih uglovnih elemenata 11, položeni u ravninama simetrije “r11”, “r14” na rasponu “14” koji iznosi 2/6 osnovnog raspona “1”, a širina “n2” zida “Z2” iznosi 4/6 osnovnog raspona “1”. Ovim primjerom omogućena je postava vertikalnih profila 1 kostura vanjske stjenke oplate zida “Zy” u ravninama simetrije “r11”, “r12”, “r13” na jednakim rasponima “1” uključivo i raspon označen sa “13”. Pri tome profili 1 kostura vanjske stjenke oplate položeni u ravninama simetrije “r11”, “r13” imaju zrcalo simetrične parove profila 1 na uglovnim elementima 11 dok profil 1 u ravnini “r14” i profil 1 u ravnini “r12” nemaju zrcalno simetričan par. In the example shown in Figure 1, next to the partition wall "Z1", a wall "Z2" derived from the outer wall "Zy" is provided. In the shown example, the span between the walls "Zx", "Z2" is exactly 8/6 of the basic span "1", so that the profiles 1 of the two adjacent corner elements 11, laid in the planes of symmetry "r11", "r14" on the span "14" which is 2/6 of the basic span "1", and the width "n2" of the wall "Z2" is 4/6 of the basic span "1". This example enables the setting of vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the outer wall of the wall formwork "Zy" in the planes of symmetry "r11", "r12", "r13" at equal ranges "1" including the range marked "13". At the same time, the profiles 1 of the skeleton of the outer wall of the formwork laid in the planes of symmetry "r11", "r13" have mirror-symmetric pairs of profiles 1 on the corner elements 11, while profile 1 in the plane "r14" and profile 1 in the plane "r12" do not have a mirror-symmetric pair.
Kao i u prethodnom slučaju u ravninama simetrije “r18”, “r19”, “r20” postavljeni su zrcalno simetrični parovi profila 1 kostura dvostrane oplate zida “Z2” na osnovnim rasponima “1”. As in the previous case, in the planes of symmetry "r18", "r19", "r20", mirror-symmetric pairs of profiles 1 of the skeleton of the double-sided wall formwork "Z2" were placed on the basic spans "1".
Svaki par zrcalno simetrično postavljenih vertikalnih profila 1 kostura dvostrane oplate je međusobno povezan na više mjesta po visini vijcima 18 koji su položeni kroz provrte 2.1, 3.1. Preko vijka 18 na mjestu zidova “Zx”, “Zy”, “Z1”, “Z2” između stranica 2 profila 1 koji čine zrcalno simetričan par postavljene su distančne cijevi 19 stegnute vijcima 18. Distančne cijevi 19 su dužine koje odgovaraju širinama “nx”, “ny”, “n1”, “n2” zidova “Zx”, “Zy”, “Z1”, “Z2”. Each pair of mirror-symmetrically positioned vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the double-sided formwork is connected to each other in several places along the height with screws 18 that are laid through the holes 2.1, 3.1. Over the screw 18, at the place of the walls "Zx", "Zy", "Z1", "Z2" between the sides 2 of the profile 1, which form a mirror-symmetrical pair, spacer tubes 19 are placed, clamped with screws 18. The spacer tubes 19 have lengths corresponding to the widths "nx ”, “ny”, “n1”, “n2” walls “Zx”, “Zy”, “Z1”, “Z2”.
Nizovi vertikalnih profila 11 kostura unutarnje kao i kostura vanjske stijenke oplate u nekoliko horizontalnih pravaca po visini, međusobno su ukrućeno povezani metalnim gredicama 20 od uobičajenih “I” profila dvoosno simetričnog presjeka. Za praktičnu izvedbu kostura oplate “I” profili gredica 20 su izvedeni u nekoliko različitih dužina koje odgovaraju veličinama: 4/3, 1/1, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6 referentne visine “h” osnovnog vertikalnog profila 11. Gredice 20 su jednom od stranica “I” profila prislonjene uz površine stražnjih stranica 3 vertikalnih profila 1. U tlocrtnom primjeru iz slike 1 na uglu kostura vanjskih stijenki oplate zidova “Zx”, “Zy” pripadajuće gredice 20 međusobno su krajevima čvrsto povezane sa dvije kutne spojnice 21 čiji krakovi imaju presjek “U” profila. Krakovi spojnica 21 tijesno su uglovljeni s gornje i donje strane između stanica “I” profila gredica 20 uglovnog spoja kostura vanjskih stijenki oplate zidova “Zx”, “Zy”, pri čemu su spojnice 21 kroz provrte na spojnim stjenkama I profila gredice 20 međusobno povezane vijcima 22. Gredice 20 vanjske stijenke kostura oplate, položena u niz vertikalnih profila 1 postavljenih u ravninama “r1”, “r2”, “r3”, “r4”, “r5” i nešto preko profila 1 u ravninama “r6”, koja je u prikazanom primjeru dužine “1/1h” postavljena preko horizontalno u osnim pravcima “p2” ispruženih tijela pričvrsnih vijaka 23. Gredica u nastavku kostura vanjske stjenke oplate je u položaju označenom sa 20’ to jest prislonjena je ispod tijela pričvrsnih vijaka 23 i prislonjena je uz vertikalne profile 1 porazmještene u ravninama “r5”, “r6”, “r7”, “r8”, “r9” i dalje a što ovisi o njenoj modularnoj dužini npr. “1/1h” ili “4/3”. The series of vertical profiles 11 of the skeleton of the inner as well as the skeleton of the outer wall of the formwork in several horizontal directions in height are rigidly connected to each other by metal beams 20 of the usual "I" profile of biaxially symmetrical section. For the practical design of the "I" formwork skeleton, the billet profiles 20 are made in several different lengths corresponding to the sizes: 4/3, 1/1, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6 of the reference height "h" of the basic vertical profile 11. The beams 20 are attached to one of the sides of the "I" profile against the surfaces of the rear sides 3 of the vertical profiles 1. In the floor plan example from Figure 1, at the corner of the skeleton of the outer walls of the wall formwork "Zx", "Zy", the corresponding beams 20 are firmly connected to each other at the ends with two corner connectors 21 whose legs have a "U" profile section. The arms of the couplings 21 are tightly angled on the upper and lower sides between the cells "I" of the profile of the billet 20 of the corner joint of the skeleton of the outer walls of the wall formwork "Zx", "Zy", whereby the connectors 21 are connected to each other through the holes on the connecting walls of the I profile of the billet 20 with screws 22. The beams 20 of the outer wall of the formwork skeleton, laid in a series of vertical profiles 1 placed in the planes "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5" and slightly above the profile 1 in the planes "r6", which in the shown example, the length "1/1h" is placed over horizontally in the axial direction "p2" the bodies of the fastening screws 23. The billet in the continuation of the skeleton of the outer wall of the formwork is in the position marked with 20', that is, it rests under the bodies of the fastening screws 23 and rests is along the vertical profiles 1 arranged in the planes "r5", "r6", "r7", "r8", "r9" and further, which depends on its modular length, for example "1/1h" or "4/3".
Gredice 20, 20’ dijelovima dužina prislonjenim uz vertikalne profile 1 postavljenim u ravninama “r5”, “r6” se preklapaju i međusobno su spregnute obuhvatnom spojnicom 24 stegnutom vijkom 23 gredice 20 za profile 1 porazmještene u ravninama “r1”, “r2”, “r3”, “r4” spregnute su dvokrakim spojnicama 25 kojima su horizontalni krakovi 25.1 postavljeni ispod steznih vijaka 23 rubom oslonjeni na površini stražnje stranice 3 vertikalnih profila 1. Na isti način su povezane gredice 20’ za profile 1 porazmještene u ravninama “r7”, “r8” i “r9” i dalje, s time što su spojnice 25 u okomitom položaju tako da im se horizontalni krakovi 25.1 nalaze u položaju iznad steznih vijaka 23. The billets 20, 20' with parts of their lengths adjacent to the vertical profiles 1 placed in the planes "r5", "r6" overlap and are connected to each other by a comprehensive connector 24 tightened with a screw 23 of the billets 20 for the profiles 1 arranged in the planes "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4" are connected by two-arm couplings 25, with which the horizontal arms 25.1 are placed under the clamping screws 23 and their edge rests on the surface of the back side 3 of the vertical profiles 1. In the same way, the beams 20' for the profiles 1 are connected in the planes "r7" , "r8" and "r9" and further, with the couplings 25 being in a vertical position so that their horizontal arms 25.1 are in a position above the clamping screws 23.
Svi stezni vijci 23 su jednake veličine i krajevima tijela savijeni su u kuku 23.1 koja je provučeno kroz provrt 3.2 oslonjena na unutarnju površinu stražnje stjenke 3 vertikalnog profila 1. Svaki stezni vijak 23 s druge strane na navojnom dijelu tijela ima krilnu maticu 23 s druge strane na navojnom dijelu tijela ima krilnu maticu 23.2 za ručno pritezanje. All clamping screws 23 are of the same size and the ends of the body are bent into a hook 23.1 which is passed through a hole 3.2 and rests on the inner surface of the rear wall 3 of the vertical profile 1. Each clamping screw 23 has a wing nut 23 on the other side on the other side of the threaded part of the body. on the threaded part of the body it has a wing nut 23.2 for manual tightening.
Na isti način su gredicama 20, 20’ ukrućeni i ostali vertikalni profili 1 kostura dvostrane oplate zidova “Zx”, Zy”, “Z1”, “Z2”. Pri tome, ovisno o tlocrtnim rasponima između zidova izabiru se najpovoljnije dužine gredica 20, 20’. In the same way, the other vertical profiles 1 of the skeleton of the two-sided formwork of the walls "Zx", Zy", "Z1", "Z2" were stiffened with beams 20, 20'. At the same time, depending on the floor-plan spans between the walls, the most favorable lengths of 20, 20' beds are chosen.
Provrti 2.1 prednjih stranica 2 vertikalnih profila su konusno razvrtani. Kroz provrte 2.1, 3.1 prednje i stražnje stranice 2,3 vertikalnih profila 1, 1., u kojima nisu postavljeni vijci 18, namješteni su zatični zatvarači 26 čije konusno formirane glave 26.1 dosjedaju u konusno razvrtanim provrtima 2.1. S druge strane u prorezu (nije na crtežu prikazan) izvedenom pri kraju tijela okruglog presjeka zatičnog zatvarača 26 zabijeno je uglavljen konusni pločasti klin 27 oslonjen uz vanjsku površinu stražnje stranice 3 vertikalnog profila 1, 1.1. The holes 2.1 of the front sides of the 2 vertical profiles are conically reamed. Through the holes 2.1, 3.1 of the front and back sides 2,3 of the vertical profiles 1, 1., in which the screws 18 are not placed, the pin fasteners 26 are arranged, whose conically formed heads 26.1 fit in the conically reamed holes 2.1. On the other hand, in the slot (not shown in the drawing) made at the end of the body of the round cross-section of the pin closure 26, a wedge-shaped conical plate wedge 27 is driven and rests against the outer surface of the back side 3 of the vertical profile 1, 1.1.
Otvorena konstrukcija kostura oplate izvedena na opisan način od; vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1 ili od zrcalno simetričnih parova vertikalnih profila 1, 1.1 kod dvostrane oplate, unutarnjih uglovnih elemenata 11 i horizontalnih ukruta izvedenih gredicama 20, 20’, dodatno je, u cilju postizanja vertikalnosti ojačana uobičajenim konsicima izvedenim od metalnih cijevi koji na crtežima nisu prikazani. The open construction of the skeleton of the formwork performed in the manner described by; of vertical profiles 1, 1.1 or from mirror-symmetric pairs of vertical profiles 1, 1.1 in the case of double-sided formwork, internal corner elements 11 and horizontal stiffeners made of beams 20, 20', additionally, in order to achieve verticality, it is reinforced with usual braces made of metal pipes, which in the drawings are not shown.
Uloženi pločasti panel 28 izveden je od lamelirane drvene ploče 29 na kojoj su, pribijeno ili vijcima, sa “lijeve” i “desne” učvršćeni posebno profilirani metalni rubnjaci 30. Metalni rubnjaci 30 presjekom su formirani kao “L” profil koji je prislonjen na obostrane rubne površine i preko rubnih dijelova poleđine lamelirane ploče 29. Iz stranice “L” profila koje su prislonjene uz rubne površine lamelirane ploče 29 izvedeni su uzduž metalnih rubnjaka 30 plošno profilirani krilni istaci 31, a isti su cijelom dužinom po krajnjim rubovima pojačano profilirani. Vanjska površina 32 stranice “L” profila koja je prislonjena uz rubnu površinu lamelirane ploče 29 ispred krilnog istaka 31 izvedena je u kosoj ravnini paralelnoj s ravninom rubne površine 5 prednje stranice 2 vertikalnog profila 1. The embedded plate panel 28 is made of a laminated wooden plate 29, on which specially profiled metal curbs 30 are attached, nailed or screwed, from the "left" and "right". edge surfaces and over the edge parts of the back of the laminated board 29. From the side of the "L" profile, which is adjacent to the edge surfaces of the laminated board 29, flat profiled wing protrusions 31 are made along the metal curbs 30, and the same are reinforced profiled along the entire length along the end edges. The outer surface 32 of the side of the "L" profile, which is adjacent to the edge surface of the laminated plate 29 in front of the wing protrusion 31, is made in an inclined plane parallel to the plane of the edge surface 5 of the front side 2 of the vertical profile 1.
Uložni pločasti panel 28 postavljen je između dva vertikalna profila 1 tako da obostrano prednjim plohama krilnih istaka 31 dosjeda n stražnje plohe prednjih stranica 2. Pri tome pojačano profilirani rubovi krilnih izdanaka 31 dosjedaju u žljebove 6 prednjih stranica 2 vertikalnih profila 1. Uložni pločasti element 28 na nekoliko mjesta po visini učvršćen je u postavljenom položaju s jedne i druge strane upornjacima 33 koji su utješnjeni između stražnjih ploha krilnih istaka 31 i unutarnjih ploha stražnjih stranica 3 vertikalnih profila 1. Ovako postavljen i utvrđen pločasti panel 28 između rubnih kosih površina 5 prednjih stranica 2 vertikalnog profila 1 i vanjskih površina 32 rubnjaka 30 ima zazore 34 širine označene sa “g” koji su ispunjeni utješnjenim brtvenim trakama od gume, a koje su zalijepljene za vanjske površine 32 i kao takove sastavni su dio cjeline uložnog pločastog panela 28. Insert plate panel 28 is placed between two vertical profiles 1 so that the front surfaces of the wing protrusions 31 abut against the back surfaces of the front sides 2. At the same time, the reinforced profiled edges of the wing protrusions 31 fit into the grooves 6 of the front sides 2 of vertical profiles 1. Insert plate element 28 in several places along the height, it is secured in the set position on one and the other side by abutments 33, which are comforted between the rear surfaces of the wing protrusions 31 and the inner surfaces of the rear sides 3 of the vertical profiles 1. The plate panel 28 placed and fixed in this way between the marginal slanted surfaces 5 of the front sides 2 of the vertical profile 1 and the outer surfaces 32 of the curb 30 have gaps 34 of width marked with "g" which are filled with comforting sealing strips made of rubber, which are glued to the outer surfaces 32 and as such are an integral part of the whole insert plate panel 28.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR920017A HRP920017B1 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-02-21 | Multiple use prefabricated formwork used in vertical engineering structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR920017A HRP920017B1 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-02-21 | Multiple use prefabricated formwork used in vertical engineering structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP920017A2 true HRP920017A2 (en) | 1994-04-30 |
| HRP920017B1 HRP920017B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
Family
ID=10945684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR920017A HRP920017B1 (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1992-02-21 | Multiple use prefabricated formwork used in vertical engineering structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| HR (1) | HRP920017B1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH496868A (en) * | 1968-07-26 | 1970-09-30 | Schaad Erich | Formwork device for the production of plate-like concrete elements for walls and ceilings |
| EP0062420A1 (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1982-10-13 | Aluma Systems Incorporated | Concrete forming structures |
-
1992
- 1992-02-21 HR HR920017A patent/HRP920017B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH496868A (en) * | 1968-07-26 | 1970-09-30 | Schaad Erich | Formwork device for the production of plate-like concrete elements for walls and ceilings |
| EP0062420A1 (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1982-10-13 | Aluma Systems Incorporated | Concrete forming structures |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HRP920017B1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
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| PBON | Lapse due to non-payment of renewal fee |
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