HRP20231342T1 - Reformiranje ugljikovodika parom ili suhom reakcijom - Google Patents

Reformiranje ugljikovodika parom ili suhom reakcijom Download PDF

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HRP20231342T1
HRP20231342T1 HRP20231342TT HRP20231342T HRP20231342T1 HR P20231342 T1 HRP20231342 T1 HR P20231342T1 HR P20231342T T HRP20231342T T HR P20231342TT HR P20231342 T HRP20231342 T HR P20231342T HR P20231342 T1 HRP20231342 T1 HR P20231342T1
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catalytic zone
reforming catalyst
elongated
combustion
flow
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HRP20231342TT
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Geoffrey Gerald Weedon
Jack Gerald WEEDON
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Biohydrogen Technologies Ltd.
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Claims (15)

1. Postupak za reformiranje ugljikovodika parom ili suhom reakcijom u reaktoru za reformiranje, za formiranje toka ohlađenog reformiranog plinskog proizvoda i toka dodatno ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja, pri čemu postupak obuhvaća korake: (a) provođenja sirovine (1), pri čemu sirovina sadrži jedan ili više ugljikovodika zajedno sa parom i/ili CO2, kroz prvu katalitičku zonu (112) na povišenoj temperaturi, za formiranje djelomično reformiranog procesnog plina (3), pri čemu prva katalitička zona sadrži jedan ili više izduženih vodova (114), od kojih svaki sadrži katalizator za reformiranje; i (b) provođenja djelomično reformiranog procesnog plina kroz drugu katalitičku zonu (102) na povišenoj temperaturi, za formiranje toka (5) reformiranog plina, pri čemu druga katalitička zona sadrži jedan ili više izduženih vodova (101), od kojih svaki sadrži katalizator za reformiranje; pri čemu postupak uključuje uporabu izduženog sklopa (401) procesnih cijevi, koji obuhvaća i izduženi vod (114) prve katalitičke zone i izduženi vod (101) druge katalitičke zone, tako da jedan sklop osigurava (a) prvu katalitičku zonu koja obuhvaća izduženi vod koji ima ulaz i izlaz i koji sadrži katalizator za reformiranje i (b) drugu katalitičku zonu koja obuhvaća izduženi vod koji ima ulaz i izlaz i koji sadrži katalizator za reformiranje, pri čemu su izduženi vod prve katalitičke zone i izduženi vod druge katalitičke zone uzdužno usklađeni jedan sa drugim u sklopu procesne cijevi tako da centralna longitudinalna os izduženog sklopa procesne cijevi odgovara centralnoj longitudinalnoj osi izduženog voda prve katalitičke zone i centralnoj longitudinalnoj osi izduženog voda druge katalitičke zone; i pri čemu navedeni sklop (401) procesnih cijevi sadrži unutrašnju cijev i vanjsku cijev (402) u koncentričnom rasporedu, pri čemu: • unutrašnja cijev sadrži prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje sa prvim slojem katalizatora za reformiranje, gdje navedeni prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje predstavlja dio prve katalitičke zone, • vanjska cijev sadrži drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje sa drugim slojem (403) katalizatora za reformiranje, gdje navedeni drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje predstavlja dio druge katalitičke zone, • prvi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje i drugi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje su raspoređeni u seriji, • unutrašnja cijev ima izlaz kroz koji djelomično reformirani plin može napustiti unutrašnju cijev, • unutrašnji vod (404), kroz koji može teći djelomično reformirani plin (405), pruža se od izlaza unutrašnje cijevi i prolazi kroz drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje, pri čemu navedeni unutrašnji vod osigurava djelomično reformirani plin od izlaza iz prvog sloja katalizatora za reformiranje do ulaza u drugi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje; pri čemu postupak dalje obuhvaća sagorijevanje (11) tekućeg goriva sa medijem (7) za održavanje sagorijevanja u regiji egzotermnog sagorijevanja, za formiranje vrelog toka (13) proizvoda sagorijevanja, pri čemu se regija egzotermnog sagorijevanja nalazi uz, i bočno okružuje, svaki od izduženih vodova druge katalitičke zone, pri čemu se tekuće gorivo i medij za održavanje sagorijevanja odvojeno dovode u regiju egzotermnog sagorijevanja i zatim se uvode jedan u drugi unutar navedene regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja; pri čemu se toplina za osiguravanje povišene temperature u koraku (b) direktno osigurava prijenosom topline iz regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja u izdužene vodove druge katalitičke zone, prijenosom topline i iz (i) samog sagorijevanja i (ii) vrelog toka proizvoda sagorijevanja, kako konvektivno tako i zračenjem plina; pri čemu se tok vrelih proizvoda sagorijevanja hladi navedenim prijenosom topline u izdužene vodove druge katalitičke zone, za formiranje toka djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja; i pri čemu se toplina za osiguravanje povišene temperature u koraku (a) dovodi u izdužene cijevi prve katalitičke zone iz: (i) toka reformiranog plina i (ii) navedenog toka djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja; pri čemu se tok reformiranog plina hladi navedenim prijenosom topline u izdužene vodove prve katalitičke zone, za formiranje toka (6) ohlađenog reformiranog plina; i pri čemu se tok djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja hladi navedenim prijenosom topline u prvu katalitičku zonu, za formiranje toka dodatno ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja; pri čemu su vanjska cijev, unutrašnji vod i drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje konfigurirani i raspoređeni tako da djelomično reformirani plin napušta izlaz unutrašnjeg voda, i zatim mijenja smjer na takav način da prolazi kroz drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje u suprotnom smjeru od smjera svog protoka kroz unutrašnji vod, pa je tako smjer protoka kroz prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje isti kao i smjer protoka kroz unutrašnji vod, pa otuda procesni plinovi teku kroz prvi i drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje u suprotnim smjerovima, tako da plinovi sagorijevanja mogu teći izvan vanjske cijevi sklopa procesnih cijevi u jednom pravcu.
2. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1, naznačen time što se koriste dodatna sredstva za poboljšanje prijenosa topline, unutar i izvan izduženih vodova, i pri čemu su navedena sredstva za poboljšanje prijenosa topline izabrana od rebara, površinskih tretmana i uređaja za povećanje brzina tekućina i /ili zakrivljenosti toka tekućina.
3. Postupak prema patentnom zahtjevu 1 ili patentnom zahtjevu 2, naznačen time što se postupak izvodi u jednoj posudi koja sadrži dva ili više izduženih sklopova procesnih cijevi.
4. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što se tekuće gorivo i medij za održavanje sagorijevanja uvode jedan u drugi unutar navedene regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja preko više mlaznica plamenika (109), i gdje je broj mlaznica plamenika veći od broja izduženih vodova u navedenoj drugoj katalitičkoj zoni.
5. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što u koraku (a) tok reformiranog plina teče u suprotnom smjeru i u indirektnom kontaktu izmjene topline sa sirovinom, tako da se toplina prenosi iz toka reformiranog plina na sirovinu, i istovremeno tok djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja teče u suprotnom smjeru i u indirektnom kontaktu izmjene topline sa sirovinom, tako da se toplina prenosi sa toka djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja na sirovinu; i pri čemu izborno u koraku (a) tok djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja teče istovremeno i u indirektnom kontaktu izmjene topline sa tokom reformiranog plina, tako da se toplina prijenosi iz toka djelomično ohlađenih proizvoda sagorijevanja u tok reformiranog plina, i da se toplina prenosi iz toka reformiranog plina u sirovinu.
6. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što se i tekuće gorivo i medij za održavanje sagorijevanja dovode u zonu sagorijevanja na temperaturi dovoljnoj da održi samozapaljenje.
7. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što se pritisak medija za održavanje sagorijevanja kontrolira tako da diferencijalni pritisak između druge katalitičke zone i regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja, na mjestu gdje je temperatura zida voda najviša, iznosi: a) manje od 500 kPa, ili b) manje od 100 kPa, ili c) manje od 20 kPa.
8. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što je katalizator koji se koristi u prvoj katalitičkoj zoni i katalizator koji se koristi u drugoj katalitičkoj zoni svaki nezavisno izabran od između: katalizatora koji se nasumično pakuju, strukturiranih katalizatora, monolitnih katalizatora i njihovih kombinacija, i pri čemu izborno jedna ili obje katalitičke zone uključuju dva ili više različitih tipova katalizatora.
9. Postupak prema bilo kojem od prethodnih patentnih zahtjeva, naznačen time što: a) unutrašnja i vanjska cijev sklopa procesnih cijevi se mogu slobodno pomicati nezavisno u uzdužnom pravcu jedna u odnosu na drugu, bez direktne ili indirektne veze između dvije cijevi, osim na jednom mjestu gdje su njihovi položaji fiksirani jedan u odnosu na drugi; i/ili b) unutrašnji vod je spojen sa djelom unutrašnje cijevi koji sadrži prvi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje; i/ili c) sklop procesnih cijevi ima jedan ulaz i jedan izlaz, pri čemu su i ulaz i izlaz na istom kraju sklopa.
10. Aparatura pogodna za izvođenje postupka kako je definiran u bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 1 do 9, pri čemu aparatura sadrži: kućište (104), pri čemu kućište sadrži: • prvu katalitičku zonu (112) koja obuhvaća jedan ili više izduženih vodova (114), od kojih svaki sadrži katalizator za reformiranje, i svaki ima ulaz i izlaz, pri čemu tokom uporabe sirovina (1) koja sadrži jedan ili više ugljikovodika zajedno sa parom i/ ili CO2 može uči u izduženi vod prve katalitičke zone preko njegovog ulaza i proći kroz navedeni izduženi vod prve katalitičke zone na povišenoj temperaturi, da formira djelomično reformirani procesni plin (3), koji zatim može izaći preko izlaza navedenog izduženog voda; • drugu katalitičku zonu (102) koja sadrži jedan ili više izduženih vodova (101), od kojih svaki sadrži katalizator za reformiranje, i svaki ima ulaz i izlaz, pri čemu tokom uporabe djelomično reformirani procesni plin iz prve katalitičke zone može uči u izduženi vod druge katalitičke zone preko njegovog ulaza i proći kroz navedeni izduženi vod druge katalitičke zone na povišenoj temperaturi, tako da se formira tok reformiranog plina (5), koji onda može izaći preko izlaza navedenog izduženog voda; • regija (1000) egzotermnog sagorijevanja koja bočno okružuje drugu katalitičku zonu, pri čemu je regija egzotermnog sagorijevanja povezana sa većim brojem mlaznica (109) plamenika, ulazom za gorivo kroz koji se može osigurati tekuće gorivo i ulazom za medij za održavanje sagorijevanja kroz koji se može osigurati medij (7) za održavanje sagorijevanja, tako da se u uporabi tekuće gorivo iz ulaza za gorivo i medij za održavanje sagorijevanja iz ulaza za medij za održavanje sagorijevanja mogu uvesti jedno u drugo preko navedenog većeg broja mlaznica plamenika, i sagorijevanje tekućeg goriva sa medijem za održavanje sagorijevanja može se javiti u regiji egzotermnog sagorijevanja da formira vreli tok proizvoda sagorijevanja, tako da u uporabi može doći do prijenosa topline iz toka vrelih proizvoda sagorijevanja u drugu katalitičku zonu preko regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja; • regija (2000) za rekuperaciju topline, prilagođena da tokom uporabe prima toplinu iz toka reformiranog plinskog proizvoda i iz vrućeg toka proizvoda sagorijevanja nakon što je osigurao toplinu za drugu katalitičku zonu, i da prenese toplinu u prvu katalitičku zonu; • izlaz za tok proizvoda sagorijevanja, kroz koji tok proizvoda sagorijevanja može izaći iz kućišta nakon što izgubi toplinu u zoni rekuperacije topline; i • izlaz za tok reformiranog plina, kroz koji tok reformiranog plina može izaći iz kućišta nakon što izgubi toplinu u zoni rekuperacije topline; pri čemu aparatura sadrži izduženi sklop (401) procesne cijevi, koji sadrži i izduženi vod prve katalitičke zone i izduženi vod druge katalitičke zone, tako da jedan sklop osigurava (a) prvu katalitičku zonu koja sadrži izduženi vod koji ima ulaz i izlaz i koji sadrži katalizator za reformiranje, i (b) drugu katalitičku zonu koja sadrži izduženi vod koji ima ulaz i izlaz i koji sadrži katalizator za reformiranje, i pri čemu su izduženi vod prve katalitičke zone i izduženi vod druge katalitičke zone uzdužno poravnati jedan sa drugim u sklopu procesne cijevi, tako da centralna uzdužna os izduženog sklopa procesnih cijevi odgovara centralnoj uzdužnoj osi izduženog voda prve katalitičke zone i centralnoj uzdužnoj osi izduženog voda druge katalitičke zone; i pri čemu navedeni sklop (401) procesnih cijevi sadrži unutrašnju cijev i vanjsku cijev (402) u koncentričnom rasporedu, pri čemu: • unutrašnja cijev sadrži prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje sa prvim slojem katalizatora za reformiranje, pri čemu je navedeni prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje dio prve katalitičke zone, • vanjska cijev sadrži drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje sa drugim slojem (403) katalizatora za reformiranje, pri čemu je navedeni drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje dio druge katalitičke zone, • prvi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje i drugi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje su raspoređeni u seriji, • unutrašnja cijev ima izlaz kroz koji djelomično reformirani plin može napustiti unutrašnju cijev, • unutrašnji vod (404), kroz koji može teći djelomično reformirani plin, pruža se od izlaza unutrašnje cijevi i prolazi kroz drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje, tako da, tokom uporabe, navedeni unutrašnji vod osigurava djelomično reformirani plin iz izlaza prvog sloja katalizatora za reformiranje do ulaza u drugi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje; i pri čemu su vanjska cijev, unutrašnji vod i drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje konfigurirani i raspoređeni tako da, tokom uporabe, djelomično reformirani plin napušta izlaz unutrašnjeg voda i zatim mijenja pravac tako da prolazi kroz drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje u suprotnom smjeru od smjera svog protoka kroz unutrašnji vod, i stoga je smjer protoka kroz prvi dio katalizatora za reformiranje isti kao i smjer protoka kroz unutrašnji vod, i samim tim i procesni plinovi teku kroz prvi i drugi dio katalizatora za reformiranje u suprotnim smjerovima, tako da plinovi dobiveni sagorijevanjem mogu teći izvan vanjske cijevi sklopa procesnih cijevi u jednom pravcu.
11. Aparatura prema patentnom zahtjevu 10, u kojoj su i izduženi vodovi druge katalitičke zone i mlaznice plamenika raspoređene u pravilnom nizu, ortogonalno u odnosu na proticanje toka proizvoda sagorijevanja i sirovine.
12. Aparatura prema patentnom zahtjevu 10 ili 11, naznačena time što vanjska cijev sadrži jednu izduženu cijev koja se nalazi djelomično u regiji sagorijevanja, i djelomično u regiji za rekuperaciju topline.
13. Aparatura prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 10 do 12, naznačena time što je broj mlaznica plamenika veći od broja izduženih vodova u navedenoj drugoj katalitičkoj zoni.
14. Aparatura prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 10 do 13, naznačena time što: a) uključeni su jedan ili više dodataka za zračenje, izvan prve i druge katalitičke zone i locirani najmanje djelomično u regiji za rekuperaciju topline; i/ili b) regija egzotermnog sagorijevanja bočno okružuje drugu katalitičku zonu i nalazi se u njenoj neposrednoj blizini; i/ili c) veći broj mlaznica plamenika, ulaz za gorivo i ulaz za medij za održavanje sagorijevanja su raspoređeni u odnosu na drugu katalitičku zonu tako da prilikom uporabe može doći do direktnog prijenosa topline iz regije egzotermnog sagorijevanja u drugu katalitičku zonu prijenosom topline iz (i) samog sagorijevanja i (ii) toka vrelih proizvoda sagorijevanja, kako konvektivno tako i zračenjem plina.
15. Aparatura prema bilo kojem od patentnih zahtjeva 10 do 14, naznačena time što: a) dvije koncentrične cijevi svakog sklopa procesnih cijevi mogu se slobodno kretati u uzdužnom pravcu nezavisno jedna u odnosu na drugu, bez direktne ili indirektne veze između dvije koncentrične cijevi, osim na jednom mjestu gdje su njihove pozicije fiksirane jedne u odnosu na druge; i/ili b) unutrašnji vod je spojen sa djelom unutrašnje cijevi koji sadrži prvi sloj katalizatora za reformiranje; i/ili c) sklop procesnih cijevi ima jedan ulaz i jedan izlaz, pri čemu su i ulaz i izlaz na istom kraju sklopa.
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