HRP20110324A2 - Method for making stone walls of old houses - Google Patents

Abstract

Large and heavy pieces of stone were used for masonry construction of old stone houses - the wells whose preparation requires long and very arduous carving. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention relates to a process by which, by using thin cut stone slabs with a rough projection on the front surface, after the straight edges have been machined, a faithful appearance of the wall of old stone houses is obtained by the tie of straight rows. The process is carried out in five stages: preparation of untreated stone slabs (A), preparation of treated stone slabs (B), gluing of treated stone slabs to the prepared substrate, grouting openings between glued treated stone slabs and grouting. In this process, untreated stone slabs (A) of various sizes and thicknesses with straight edges (2) and rough projections (1) on the front surface are used. After machining the straight edges by hand carving, we obtain a treated stone slab (B) for masonry. The treated stone slabs in one row are the same height and the same or different width. When gluing, the openings between the panels in the top row must not reach above the openings between the panels in the bottom row. The procedure is used in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing old houses.

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to the construction of new or reconstruction of existing stone walls, using thin cut stone slabs, so that a faithful appearance of old stone houses is obtained.

According to the International Classification of Patents, the invention belongs to area E - Construction, class E04 - high-rise construction and under class E04B, which includes general building structures and walls.

Technical problem

The technical problem that is solved by this invention relates to how to get a faithful appearance of the wall of old stone houses that are built with straight rows of large stone blocks called bunja.

The walls of the old stone houses are built of white and gray stone in shades of greyish-white, reddish-white and yellowish-white, with straight rows. These are pieces of stone, mostly cube-shaped, with rough protrusions on the front surface. The dimensions of such stone mounds usually range from height, to width, to thickness, and even more. Such stone cubes are obtained by carving large and heavy pieces of stone, after long-term manual and machine processing.

When building new buildings or reconstructing old ones, people want to keep the natural look of the old stone facades built from mud using modern stone slab materials available on the market.

State of the art

Nowadays, stone blocks are used in masonry, in such a way that they are connected together with concrete, so the walls are up to half a meter thick, because the stone blocks are up to , and some even more. In order for the wall to be ideally hard, it is necessary to apply a minimum amount of concrete on the back side of the stone cube. Then it is necessary for the concrete-stone mixture to harden by tomorrow in order to move to a new row of masonry.

Another way is to saw the stone cubes, which are thick and over , with expensive diamond grinders to a thickness of 8 to and as such they are placed on the facades of finished houses when they want to get the look of old stone houses.

The third way is to put other materials in molds to get the look of stone, and that product is then an artificial stone.

Today, mostly stone sawn slabs are produced, with or without rough protrusions on the front surface, which are 1.5 to 1.5 cm thick, up to 20 cm high, and up to .

The essence of invention

The essence of the invention is the process of obtaining a faithful appearance of the stone walls of old houses by using thin cut stone slabs of rectangular shape, with straight edges and rough protrusions on the front surface. The process includes the following stages: preparation of raw stone slabs, preparation of processed stone slabs, gluing of processed stone slabs to the prepared base, grouting of the openings between the glued processed stone slabs and processing of joints.

The procedure is used in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing old houses.

In the continuation of the description of the invention, instead of the long name "thin cut stone slab with straight edges" the abbreviated name "unprocessed stone slab" will be used, and for the term "thin cut stone slab with processed straight edges" the abbreviated name "processed stone slab" will be used in the appropriate case.

Short description of the pictures

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an untreated stone slab - from the front

Figure 2 shows a schematic view of an untreated stone slab - from above

Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an untreated stone slab - side view

Figure 4 shows the schematic view of the processed stone slab - from the front

Figure 5 shows the schematic view of the processed stone slab - from above

Figure 6 shows the schematic view of the processed stone slab - side view

Figure 7 shows a photo of the processed stone slab - front

Figure 8 shows a photo of a processed stone slab - from above

Figure 9 shows a photo of a processed stone slab - side view

Figure 10 shows a photograph of part of a stone wall made of rough stone slabs with classic joints - front

Figure 11 shows a schematic view of a part of the wall made of treated stone slabs before grouting - from the front

Figure 12 shows the schematic view of part of the wall made of treated stone slabs after grouting - from the front

Figure 13 shows a photograph of a part of an old stone wall made of bunja with old joints - from the front

Figure 14 shows a photograph of a part of the new stone wall made of processed stone slabs, as a faithful imitation of the old bunja walls - from the front

Detailed description of the performance and functioning of the invention

For the construction of old stone houses, heavy stone blocks were used - bunja, which had to be carved long and hard, usually with a chisel, mace, various grinders and other machines and tools. In order to reduce the weight and speed up the installation, the previously mentioned drum is cut to a smaller thickness with expensive diamond grinders, which wastes a lot of time and costs a lot. The very act of installing such a stone takes a long time.

Bunja is a cube-shaped stone block, with rough protrusions on the front surface, which, after carving, is used to build old stone houses. That cube stone block - bunja has a height of 20 cm to , and even more. Piles with larger dimensions are used for the first, load-bearing, row of the wall, while piles with smaller dimensions are used in the other rows. Bunjes in each row are of the same height, but of different widths. It is built so that the vertical openings between the two wells in the upper row come around the middle of the wells in the lower row. This is how you get the solid walls of old stone houses made by connecting straight rows.

The process by which the described faithful appearance of the stone walls of old houses is obtained by using thin cut stone slabs with straight edges and rough protrusions on the front surface includes the following stages: preparation of raw stone slabs, preparation of finished stone slabs, gluing of finished stone slabs to the prepared base, grouting of openings between glued processed stone slabs and joint processing.

The basis is square thinly cut stone slabs that are supplied from the quarry. The dimensions of these stone slabs are usually: width from 8 to , height and thickness between and . These stone slabs themselves have a rough relief on the front surface of various shades of color: white-gray, yellowish-white, white, gray and reddish-white. On the stone slabs, white color prevails for the most part. On some stone slabs, the relief has cracked lines, and the appearance of most stone slabs is rough with depressions and protrusions. If the stone slabs are wider than they are cut to a maximum of that value in order to reduce the shape of the rectangular face of the stone, and bring it closer to a more square shape, like the old houses with straight stone rows.

Description of the procedure by stages:

Phase I – preparation of raw stone slabs A

On Fig. 1, 2 and 3, there is shown schematically, as an example, an unworked stone slab A having flat edges 2 and a roughly convex front surface 1. Opposite flat edges 2 must be parallel. Raw stone slab A was obtained by cutting thin stone slabs in a quarry. Wider stone slabs are cut to smaller dimensions, and stone slabs of smaller width go immediately to the second stage of processing.

Phase II – preparation of processed stone slabs B

The second phase includes the preparation of processed stone slabs B, and they are obtained by processing the flat edges of 2 raw stone slabs A from the first phase. The processing is carried out by hand chiseling, with a simple small hammer in the form of a chisel, which is used to hit the flat cut edges of 2 raw stone slabs A. They are processed on a table that has a flat surface made of thick wood that absorbs shocks during chiseling. During processing, the stone slab rests on the table with one of the four cut straight edges. One hand holds a stone slab, and the other uses a chisel, that is, breaks a flat edge. The stone slab must be pressed against the wooden surface so that it does not crack in unwanted places when struck. By hitting harder on the flat edges 2, we get an obliquely processed part of the edge 3 on the edge parts of the face of the stone slab. Chiseling straight edges erases the upper straight saw trace, so that an uneven edge 4 remains, which is additionally processed in the third stage of the procedure if necessary.

After processing the edges, the stone slab no longer looks like it has been cut, it does not have the straight edges that we encounter on modern buildings that are covered with thin cut slabs. Some thin-cut panels are more rough on the face, and some less so. With this process, the stone slab gets rough edges that further emphasized the rough face, gave it the effect of depth and made it visually bulge forward.

On Fig. 4, 5 and 6, an example of processed stone slab B is shown schematically.

On Fig. 7. is a photographic representation of one example of a processed stone slab - from the front, and in Fig. 8. from above and in Fig. 9. lateral.

The front surface of the stone slab treated in this way approaches the appearance of a stone block - old bunja, as we see on old stone houses, with shades of white.

These variations of shades on the face of the thin stone slab, in which the white color predominates, give the appearance of naturalness and antiquity, just as the rough front surface of the bunja or stone blocks on the walls of old houses gives us.

On Fig. 10. shows a photo of part of the stone wall made of untreated stone slabs A, where the narrow joints are made in the classic way - from the front.

Phase III - gluing of processed stone slabs B on the prepared base

In the third phase, processed stone slabs B are glued to the wall of the building, which we want to look like an old stone house. Treated stone slabs are glued with powdered mineral mortar for gluing. Before gluing the stone slabs, a flat horizontal surface is placed on the wall so that the lower part of the first row of stone slabs is parallel to the bottom of the wall to be covered. This flat base can be a wooden batten the length of the wall to be covered. The treated stone slabs are placed so that there are vertical openings 5 and horizontal openings 6 between the rows. The vertical openings are wider than the standard openings that are left when the facade is covered with untreated stone slabs. The horizontal openings 6 between the rows of treated stone slabs are of standard width, and are obtained by placing a slat of the same thickness on the first row of treated stone slabs, on which the processed stone slabs of the second row rest. For the first, load-bearing row, processed stone slabs of larger dimensions are used. All processed stone slabs in one row must be of the same height and of the same or different widths. The treated stone slabs in the upper row are glued so that, given the different widths, the vertical sides come close to the middle, in the middle or slightly behind the middle of the treated stone slabs in the lower row, above which they are placed. Treated stone slabs of smaller width are used on the final edge parts of the wall of the house. Thus, a square rather than a rectangular appearance of the processed stone slabs is achieved. In this way, the original embroidery of old stone houses is obtained.

On Fig. 11. shows a schematic view of part of the wall made of treated stone slabs B after gluing, and before grouting - from the front.

The gluing compound is applied to all edges on the back of the treated stone slabs. When glued to the wall, the processed stone slab is hit lightly on the face with a plastic hammer, at all ends, so that it can be evenly connected to the wall to be covered. When the glue hardens enough for the treated stone slabs to support their own weight, which is the day after gluing, then the horizontal slats between the rows are removed.

At this stage, a grinder is again used to grind the edges of the treated stone slabs, which are joined at right angles to the slabs on the other wall, to give the appearance of a stone with two faces at right angles, and thus the appearance of a massive stone block. The treated stone slab is cut so that one of its two edges is cut at an angle of 450, along its entire length, from the face of the slab towards its back side. The flat sanding mark is further blunted with the front side of the hammer to give the wall the appearance of a massive stone block with two faces.

Phase IV – grouting of the opening between the glued processed stone slabs B

In the fourth stage, the horizontal and vertical openings between the glued processed stone slabs B are filled with grouting compound. The grouting mixture is made of white cement, slag, slaked lime and concrete waterproofing liquid in the following proportions: mix six fanglas of slaked lime, two fanglas of white cement and one slaked lime, and one deciliter of concrete water impermeability liquid. This liquid is used for joints on the exterior walls of houses. The screed should be clay-colored, yellowish-gray-reddish and a shade of white, because it, in combination with white cement and chalk, gives the old-fashioned appearance of the joint on this stone facade. The grouting mixture is placed in a plastic bag without holes so that it does not fall out. The best bags are those used for packing artificial fertilizers. A hole is made on one of the edges of the bag through which the mixture will pass and quickly fill the openings. Additionally, the applied mixture is pressed with a handy tool. The openings are filled until the mixture covers at least half a centimeter from all sides on the front surface of the treated stone slab that is glued to the wall, and covers every trace of a flat saw cut that may have remained on that part of the flat edge of the slab that was not sufficiently worn in the second phase of carving . The compound used to fill the openings then improperly fills the depressions that were made during carving. In this way, the grouting mixture becomes rough, like the processed stone slab itself, and follows its depressions and unevenness on the edges. Joints 7 thus become even wider on each side of the processed stone slab.

On Fig. 12 shows the schematic view of part of the wall made of treated stone slabs B after grouting, obtained by the described procedure - from the front.

On Fig. 13. shows a photograph of a part of the old stone wall made of bunja - from the front, and in Fig. 14., for easier understanding of the essence of the invention, a photograph of a part of the new stone wall made of processed stone slabs B, with wider joints, as a faithful imitation of the old bunja walls, obtained by the described process - from the front.

Phase V – joint processing

When the grouting mixture hardens sufficiently, it is scraped with a steel brush so that the surface of the joint 7 is gently passed over, whereby it becomes rougher and rougher in shape. After that, the dust left after scraping the joints with a steel brush is cleaned with a hard brush.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE LETTER AND NUMERICAL MARKS IN THE PICTURES AND DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A – untreated stone slab

B – processed stone slab

1 – the front surface of the stone slab with rough protrusions

2 – the flat edge of an untreated stone slab

3 – bevelled edge of the processed stone slab

4 – uneven edge of the processed stone slab

5 – vertical openings between glued treated stone slabs

6 – horizontal openings between rows of treated stone slabs

7 – joints

Application of the invention

The application of the invention is obvious from the description itself.

The described procedure is used for processing the flat edges of thin cut stone slabs that are used for building stone walls as an imitation of old stone houses, whether it is a facade on a new building or a reconstruction of old, dilapidated facades.

The procedure is ideal for the stone walls of villas, restaurants, hotels and family houses.

Claims (6)

1. The process of obtaining a faithful appearance of the stone walls of old houses, indicated by the fact that it includes the following stages: preparation of raw stone slabs (A), preparation of processed stone slabs (B), gluing of processed stone slabs to the prepared base, grouting of openings between glued processed stone slabs and joint processing. 2. The procedure, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that to obtain a faithful appearance of the stone walls of old houses, untreated stone slabs (A) of rectangular shape are used, which have straight, parallel cut edges (2), and rough protrusions on the front surface ( 1). 3. The procedure, according to requirements 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the treated stone slab (B) is obtained by processing the flat edges (2) of the untreated stone slab (A), and it is carried out by hand carving along the flat cut edges until it is erased a larger part of the straight path of the saw so that there are oblique edges (3) with uneven edges (4) from the back part of the stone slab towards the front surface, so that part of the edge is additionally processed in the third stage of the process. 4. The procedure, according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the fact that the processed stone slabs (B) are glued to the base so that there are vertical openings (5) and horizontal openings (6) between the rows, so that the treated stone slabs in the upper row are glued so that, given the different widths of the slabs, their vertical sides come close to the middle, in the middle or slightly behind the middle of the dressed stone slabs in the lower row, above which they are placed; that processed stone slabs of smaller width are used on the final edge parts of the house wall; that the glue is applied to all edges on the back of the treated stone slab; that the edges of the panels, which are connected at right angles to the panels on the other wall, are sanded at 450, in order to get the appearance of a stone with two faces at right angles, and thus the appearance of a massive stone block. 5. The procedure according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4, indicated by the fact that the vertical openings (5) between the processed stone slabs and the horizontal openings (6) between the rows of processed stone slabs are filled with the grouting mixture until they are covered all traces of a flat saw cut that may have remained on that part of the flat edge of the plate that was not sufficiently blunted in the second phase of carving; that in this way the joints (7) become rough, as well as the processed stone slab itself, and follow its depressions and unevenness on the edges, that the joints become even wider on all sides of the placed processed stone slab. 6. The procedure, according to the previous requirements, characterized by the fact that the joint (7) is treated with a steel brush so that it is gently passed over the surface of the joint, whereby it becomes rougher, rougher in shape, and then the dust that remained after is cleaned with a hard brush scraping joints with a steel brush.