GR20220100157A - Depiction system of the visual function parameters of non-speaking children - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system meant to depict parameters of the visual function of non-speaking children via tools, with the aim of depicting visual-reflective, sensory, oculomotor and visual-perceptual parameters in healthy and unhealthy children. It applies to non-speaking children, according to age. It consists of six steps, each step depicting a separate group of visual parameters. Using four tools / graphics [A, B, C, D] and a scoring method, the system also comes with tables of normal values of parameters, according to age.

Description

DESCRIPTION

System for Imprinting Parameters of the Visual Function of Non-Speaking Children

The invention refers to a system for capturing parameters of the visual function of non-speaking children, using tools, in order to capture visual-reflective, sensory, oculomotor and visual-perceptual parameters.

Sight is a primary sense and significantly affects a child's overall development. Children with abnormal visual parameters show a delay in communication, motor control, socialization, learning, etc. Consequently, the early capture of disturbed parameters of visual function, as well as their evolution over time, is very important.

The visual system utilizes light and through complex processes, feeds reflexive, sensory, oculomotor and visual perceptual mechanisms, with the aim of visual perception of the world and the development of visually guided skills and actions.

Currently, all existing visual imaging tools for non-speaking children capture some parameters, and none simultaneously capture visual-reflective, sensory, oculomotor, and visual-perceptual parameters. This fact leads to the formation of a limited image of the operation of the optical system, but also to the need to purchase and use different individual tools.

The invention refers to a system for capturing parameters of the visual function of non-speaking children, using tools, with the aim of capturing visual-reflective, sensory, oculomotor and visual-perceptual parameters, both in healthy and unhealthy children. It applies to non-speaking children, depending on their age.

It consists of six Steps and each Step captures a separate group of visual parameters:

Step 1) captures parameters that express the level of communication and integrity of the eyes,

Step 2) captures visual reflex parameters,

Step 3) captures sensory parameters of visual function, Step 4) captures binocular cooperation and oculomotor parameters of visual function,

Step 5) captures visual-perceptual parameters of visual function and

Step 6) captures visual-motor coordination parameters of visual function.

Using specific tools and grading method, the system is also accompanied by tables of normal values of the parameters by age.

The four paddle type tools / visual charts are:

- Optical chart [A] (Drawing 1, 4) 16.00 centimeters (cm-cm) in diameter on one side of which is imprinted a mask (1) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 100% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with a red tip round 1.80cm in diameter, within a triangular frame with a 3.00cm triangle base. and equal sides 3.20cm., one mouth 9.20cm.X1.80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm. X1, 60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is white (1 ).

- Optical chart [B] (Drawing 2, 4) diameter 16.00cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (2) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 25% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with an isosceles triangle nose with a base of 3.00cm. and equal sides 3.20cm., one mouth 9.20cm.X1.80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm.X1.60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is red (2).

- Optical chart [C] (Drawing 3, 4) diameter 16.00cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (3) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 10% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with an isosceles triangle with a base of 3.00cm. and equal sides 3.20cm, one mouth 9.20cm.X1.80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm. X1, 60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is yellow (3).

- Optical chart [D] (Drawing 4) diameter 8.00cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (4) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 100% and stripe thickness 0.20cm), with a red round nose 0.90cm in diameter, within a triangular frame with a base 1.50cm triangle and equal sides 1.60cm., a mouth 4.60cm.X0.90cm. and two eyes 2.50cm.X0.80cm. each, while the surface of the other side is white (4).

The invention is a technical solution, a new holistic tool. It is designed to capture visual parameters at every moment, but also their evolution over time, starting from the first month of life.

In Step 1, parameters are recorded that express the level of communication and the integrity of the eyes, and more specifically:

- the level of consciousness with observation,

- the integrity of the bulb using a magnifying lens & ophthalmoscope, - the passability of the optic axis to light using an ophthalmoscope,

- the refractive power with shadowing (with or without cycloplegia).

In Step 2, parameters of visual reflexes are captured and more specifically:

- the oculo-vestibular reflex (OAA) with manipulative head manipulation - the blink

suddenly moving the paddle-type visual chart [A] (Figure 1) toward the child's face and activating the muscle between the child's eyebrows with finger pressure

- the reaction of the pupil to light with a lens

illuminating the child's eyes with a lens, binoculars and checking if the pupils are getting smaller

- light/dark adaptation with a paddle-type visual graph [D] (Figure 4)

recording the detection time of the visual graph [D] (Figure 4) after the child is exposed to a light and then to a dark environment - the reflex visual capture with a paddle-type visual graph [A] (Figure 1)

presenting the visual chart [A] (Figure 1) suddenly in the child's peripheral field

- the visual-motor reflex (OKA) with a visual graph [A] (Diagram 1) racket type (paddle)

using the visual chart [A] (Figure 1) moving in a circle horizontally and then vertically in front of the child's face from a certain distance of 30 cm in a circular motion, asking him to watch the red nose and checking if the child makes corrective movements to reattach to the red nose

- the focusing mechanism with dynamic shadowing or using ready-made specific glasses

- the fusion reflex / solid with Lang Stereo Test.

In Step 3, sensory parameters of the visual function are captured, more specifically:

- the central vision with a flashlight (pen torch) or a light toy, with an optical chart [A] (Diagram 1) of the paddle type and with an optical chart [D] (Diagram 4) of the paddle type, depending on the age

- color vision with optical chart [A] (Diagram 1) of paddle type, with optical chart [B] (Diagram 2) of paddle type, with optical chart [C] (Diagram 3) of paddle type )

applying the attachment preference technique

- the peripheral vision with an optical chart [A] (Drawing 1) of the racket type (paddle) or with an optical chart [D] (Drawing 4) of the racket type (paddle) or pen torch, presenting them in specific quadrants in space at a distance 50 centimeters from the child's face

- contrast sensitivity with visual graph [A] (Drawing 1) paddle type, with visual graph [B] (Drawing 2) paddle type, with visual graph [C] (Drawing 3) of paddle type )

applying the attachment preference technique from 50 cm.

- the perception of movement with a visual graph [D] (Figure 4) of the racket type (paddle)

moving it in front of the child's face, slowly at first and then faster, observing whether the child fixates on the target or not.

In Step 4, binocular cooperation and oculomotor parameters of visual function are recorded, more specifically:

- attachment to a pen torch or a paddle-type optical chart [D] (Figure 4)

applying the Hirschberg or Krimsky test or the Prism Alternating Cover test to assess binocular cooperation in the primary gaze position, but also in 9 specific different gaze positions

- the saccadic movements with a visual graph [D] (Diagram 4) paddle type or with a pen torch

by moving it abruptly to specific positions at a distance of 50 cm. from the child's face

- the sequence movements with a visual chart [D] (Diagram 4) racket type (paddle) or with a lens (pen torch) by moving it continuously with slow movements at a distance of 50 cm. from the child's face.

- the convergence / divergence with visual graph [D] (Diagram 4) racket type (paddle)

moving it slowly towards the child's nose and stopping twice (at a distance greater than 10cm from the nose and at a distance less than or equal to 10cm from the child's nose).

In Step 5, visual-perceptual parameters of the visual function are captured with the necessary methods/ways, and more specifically:

- the recognition of familiar faces and facial expressions (imitation)

- route recognition (if he knows the route to his room)

- visual stability with a visual chart [D] (Figure 4) paddle type by showing it and hiding it, observing if the child looks for it and repeating it twice

- the recognition of sizes with a visual graph [A] (Diagram 1) of the paddle type and with a visual graph [D] (Diagram 4) of the paddle type by asking the child to point to the larger of the two and repeating the two times.

In Step 6, visual-motor coordination parameters of the visual function are recorded, more specifically:

- the visual estimation of time with a visual graph [D] (Diagram 4) racket type (paddle)

swinging it like a pendulum and asking the child to catch it as soon as it passes in front of their nose and repeating twice

- the eye-hand coordination with a visual chart [D] (Figure 4) racket type (paddle)

asking the child to catch it and repeating changing the position of the racket

- eye-foot coordination (ability to go up or down a step).

The reliability (effectiveness) of the system was assessed in two ways: - assessing it when applied by different examiners and

- when applied by the same examiner at different times.

For these reasons, samples of children of various ages, with or without vision problems, but also children with developmental disorders and two examiners were used. The results were analyzed with special statistical methods and it was shown that the system is very reliable / effective. The corresponding tables are listed below.

To demonstrate the reliability/efficacy of the system, the correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the results were estimated, using statistical programs (IBM SPSS for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).

On the one hand, the reliability / effectiveness of the system was assessed when applied by two different examiners, who examined three groups of children under the same conditions:

1) 200 healthy children with healthy eyes,

2) 122 healthy children with "pathological" eyes and

3) 56 children with developmental problems with the specific system.

Whereas, the reliability / effectiveness of the system was then assessed when applied by the same examiner at different times and applied to three groups of children under the same conditions with a seven-day difference in assessments:

1) 184 healthy children with healthy eyes,

2) 122 healthy children with eye problems and

3) 56 children with developmental disorders.

The ICC coefficient was 1 in both cases, which testifies to the high reliability / efficiency of the system (Table 1 & Table 2).

Table 1

N=number, ICC=correlation coefficient, CI=confidence intervals Table 2

N=number, ICC=correlation coefficient, CI=confidence intervals

Claims (2)

1. System for capturing parameters of the visual function for non-speaking children, using tools to capture visual-reflective, sensory, oculomotor and visual-perceptual parameters, characterized by four paddle-type tools / optical graphs: - 16.00 centimeters in diameter (cm-cm) on one side of which is imprinted a mask (1) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 100% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with a red round nose 1.80cm in diameter, inside a triangular frame with a 3.00cm triangle base. and equal sides 3.20cm., one mouth 9.20cm.X1.80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm.X1.60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is white (1) - visual chart [A] - diameter 16.00cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (1) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 25% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with an isosceles triangle nose with a base of 3.00cm. and equal sides 3.20cm., one mouth 9.20cm.X1.80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm.X1.60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is red (2) - visual chart [B] - diameter 16.00cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (1) formed with alternating black and white vertical stripes (contrast sensitivity 10% and stripe thickness 0.40cm), with an isosceles triangle with a base of 3.00cm. and equal sides 3.20cm, one mouth 9.20cm.X1 .80cm. and two eyes 5.00cm.X1.60cm. each, while the surface of the other side is yellow (3) - visual chart [C] - diameter 8.00 cm. on one side of which is imprinted a mask (1) formed with alternating vertical black and white stripes (contrast sensitivity 100% and stripe thickness 0.20cm), with a red round nose 0.90cm in diameter, within a triangular frame with a base 1.50cm triangle and equal sides 1.60cm., a mouth 4.60cm.X0.90cm. and two eyes 2.50cm.X0.80cm. each, while the surface of the other side is white (4) - visual chart [D], 2. System for recording parameters of the visual function for non-speaking children, using tools for the purpose of recording visual reflexive, sensory, oculomotor and visual-perceptual parameters, according to claim 1, characterized by dimensions that are not binding and can be changed case by case.