GR1009522B - High-efficiency hydroelectric park - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydroelectric park composed of up to four wheels 7 in group. The operation is repeated up to full exploitation of the water supply, by using the low-rev generator 1 operating with revs which are from two to three times less than the normal number of the generator’s revs. The aim of the invention is to diminish the difference of the generator’s revs 1 in relation to the wheel 7 what leads to power increase.

Description

DESCRIPTION

High efficiency hydroelectric park

The operation of the hydroelectric park is based on gravity, as in the old watermills with the classic wheel (7). Around the perimeter there will be sockets (8) to collect a quantity of water. The wheel (7) will have a diameter proportional to the altitude difference of the operating point, while its width will be proportional to the water supply. In any case, we do as far as its construction allows. We group this construction in up to four wheels (7) whose axles (5) are connected to each other in series with a coupler (drive link) (3). Thus we create a common shaft that drives a generator (1) with a pulley (2). This movement is transmitted by belts (9) to the pulley (10) of the generator (1).

Up until now we have been matching the low RPMs of the motive power to the RPMs of the generator, resulting in a loss of power. With this specific wheel (7) we can take advantage of waterfalls of more than 2 meters, with a maximum height up to where the construction of the wheel (7) allows. The objective of the invention is to reduce the difference in speed of the generator (1) with the number of revolutions of the shaft (5). We use a low speed 125 rpm (48 pole) generator (1) and run it two or three times below its operating speed. The power of the generator (1) must be two or three times greater than its operating power, to protect its windings due to low operating voltage.

Operating the generator (1) 2 or 3 times below its normal number of revolutions, we will have respectively: a voltage of 200V with a frequency of 25Hz or a voltage of 133.33V with a frequency of 16.66Hz.

The generated electric current will be converted to 400V with a frequency of 50Hz so that it can be used either in industries or for sale to PPC.

Function analysis

By activating the start of operation, the hatch (12) is opened via the hydraulic bottle (13). The supply of water through the cement box (14) begins. When the revolutions of the wheel reach the ones we have programmed, the coupling takes place.

With the high efficiency hydroelectric park, we can take advantage of water falls of more than 2 meters. The normal operating speed is the ratio of the no-load speed (spinning speed) times 1.8 (the constant with which we find the spinning speed in the turbines). For our example, the idle speed is 25 rpm, and the operating speed will be 25 rpm : 1.8 = 13.88 rpm.

Since we have a flow rate of 150 liters per second and an elevation difference of 4 meters, the ideal wheel (7) will have a diameter of 4 meters, the water holding slots (8) are developed every 25 cm on the circumference of the wheel (7) with a depth of 35 cm and with a width of 1.80 meters, to store 150 liters per slot (8). The specific wheel (7), according to the above, creates 50 slots (8) of water concentration which during operation holds an amount of water equal to 40% of its perimeter, which corresponds to 20 slots of water (8). So the power produced will be:

P — F * g * h * e

P = power in Watts

F = water flow in lit/sec

g = gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/sec<2>

h = height difference inflow-outflow in m

e = total efficiency 0.75

P = (150 * 20) * 9.81 * 4 * 0.75 =<88>.<290Watt>=88.29 KW

Because the wheel (7) develops a very low speed of rotation, we must choose a low speed generator (1). Generators up to 125 rpm (48 poles) and power up to 200k W are affordable today.

In the specific example, if we multiply the 13.88 rpm of the wheel (7) mentioned above to 125 rpm with a gearbox, we will lose power equal to the ratio of the revolutions, i.e. 125 : 13.88 = 9 below the power of the wheel (7) on its axis, i.e. 88.29 : 9 = 9.81KW final power. For this reason, it is recommended to run the generator (1) at 125 rpm 2 or 3 times lower than its normal operating speed. That is, 125 rpm: 2 = 62.50 rpm or 125 rpm: 3 = 41.66 rpm, so at its output we will have the corresponding voltage and frequency:

A) 400V : 2 = 200V and 50Hz : 2 = 25Hz

B) 400V : 3 = 133.33V and 50Hz : 3 = 16.66Hz.

In order to reduce the difference between shaft (5) and generator (1) revolutions, we have to choose the least generator (1) revolutions at the lowest shaft revolutions (5), so that we gain in power.

A) 62.5 rpm generator revolutions (1) : 13.88 rpm shaft revolutions (5) = 4.5 times less power. So 88.29KW : 4.5 = 19.62KW final power.

B) 41.66 rpm generator revolutions (1) : 13.88 rpm shaft revolutions (5) = 3 times less power. So 88.29KW : 3 = 29.43KW final power.

For our example we will choose the best case (B), which is the reduction of the generator revolutions by 3.

To protect the windings of the generator (1) from overcurrent, its power should be for example (A) 2 times greater, i.e. 19.62 x 2 = 39.24KW and for example (B) 3 times greater , i.e. 29.43 x 3 = 88.29KW due to its lower operating voltage than normal, as we mentioned above.

Evidence

1 ) Example (A)

At 19.62KW at 200V we will have 19.62 x 2 = 39.24KW generator. From the formula of the power P — I * V 1 .73 * co.F

2) Example (B)

The 29.43KW at 133.33V operation we will have 29.43 x 3 = 88.29KW generator.

To date with a supply of 150 lit/sec and with an altitude difference of 4 meters with the existing hydro turbines the power produced is:

P = Q* g * H * h P = power in Watts

Q= flow rate (lit / sec)

g = gravitational acceleration 9.81 m/sec<2>

H = altitude difference in m

n = degree of efficiency

5.003, 10W

P = 150 *9, 81 *4* 0, 85 = = 5.00 KW

1000

With the proposed study of example (B) as above, we will have 29.43KW of power.

So 29.43KW : 5KW = 5.88 times more power in the way suggested.

In order to achieve the interconnection of the above system with the PPC network, we drive the voltage of 3 x 133.33V AC - 16.66Hz to a voltage and frequency converter that provides 3 x 400V AC - 50Hz at its output.

Engineering design analysis

(1) = Alternator, (2) = Shaft pulley, (3) = Coupler (drive link), (4) = Bearing. (5) = Axle, (6) = Concrete base, (7) = Wheel, (8) = Water socket, (9) = Belts, (10) = Generator pulley, (11) = Flow regulator, (12) = Chest, (13) = Bottle, (14) = Cement Box

Figure 1 = Plan

Figure 2 = Front

Figure 3 = Lateral view

Figure 4 = Section AB

In the specific engineering design we have four wheels (7) grouped together, the axis (5) of each of which rests on two bearings (4). The shafts (5) are connected to each other in series with a coupler (drive link) (3). The movement from the shaft (5) to the generator (1) is transmitted by pulleys (2 and 10) connected by belts (9) and their ratio is one to three (1/3) in the case of three or one to four and a half (1/4,5) in the case of two. The wheel (7) is a drum around which there are slots (8) for water collection.

Analysis of a single-line electrical diagram

Figure 5 = Generator (1)

Figure 6 = Safety switch

Figure 7 = Connection table

Diagram 8 = Voltage and frequency converter

Claims (3)

1. The creation of the high efficiency hydroelectric park is based on a construction, which is characterized by the grouping of wheels (7), up to four (for optimal economic construction). By placing them in a row and connecting their axes (5) with couplers (movement links) (3), we create a common axis. Each axis (5) rests on two bearings (4). At the end of the common shaft there is a pulley (2) with which we deliver the total power of the grouped wheels (7) with belts (9) to the pulley (10) of the generator (1). 2. The grouping of wheels (7) according to claim 1 can be repeated to take advantage of large water supplies. 3. The application of claim 1 is achieved by the method characterized by the operation of the generator at lower revolutions 2 or 3 times below its normal operating revolutions. This is how the production of electricity in a hydroelectric park is achieved many times more than with the methods known to date. Because the wheels (7) in their operation are of low speed and the commercial generators at reasonable prices are 125 rpm (revolutions per minute), we will have a loss of power proportional to the times we multiply the revolutions of the shaft (5). By running the generator (1) at two or three times less revolutions, we reduce the difference of the revolutions of the generator (1) with the revolutions of the common shaft, as a result we produce multiple power. Correspondingly, the power of the generator (1) is two or three times greater than the produced power, due to reduced voltage, in order to protect against overcurrent.