GB763939A - Improvements in or relating to shaped polyamide articles and method of forming same - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to shaped polyamide articles and method of forming same

Info

Publication number
GB763939A
GB763939A GB6273/52A GB627352A GB763939A GB 763939 A GB763939 A GB 763939A GB 6273/52 A GB6273/52 A GB 6273/52A GB 627352 A GB627352 A GB 627352A GB 763939 A GB763939 A GB 763939A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
nylon
powder
sintering
graphite
filler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB6273/52A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polymer Corp
Original Assignee
Polymer Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polymer Corp filed Critical Polymer Corp
Publication of GB763939A publication Critical patent/GB763939A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/06Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
    • C08J11/08Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/006Pressing and sintering powders, granules or fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/02Moulding by agglomerating
    • B29C67/04Sintering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/08Heat treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201Composition of the plastic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/004Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16Fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25Solid
    • B29K2105/251Particles, powder or granules
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/08Transition metals
    • B29K2705/10Copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/08Transition metals
    • B29K2705/12Iron
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2377/06Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08J2377/08Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from polyamines and polymerised unsaturated fatty acids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/60Polyamides [PA]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Articles are formed from particles of polyamides or polyesteramides by sintering under substantially non-oxidizing conditions at a temperature below that at which any substantial amount of molten phase is produced. The particles have an average diameter of less than 40 microns and are formed under substantially non-oxidizing conditions by precipitation by cooling a solution in a liquid which is a solvent for the polyamide at elevated temperature and a non-solvent at room temperature followed by washing and drying. A suitable liquid is ethylene glycol or aqueous ethanol. The powder may also be produced by hammering nylon which has been embrittled with liquid nitrogen. To make articles it is compressed, e.g. at 10-50 tons per square inch, with or without a filler, and the article is then heated to sinter the particles without fusion. Pressing preferably takes place at room temperature. The product may be annealed. The filler may constitute 85 per cent by volume of the total mixture. Suitable fillers which are preferably finely-divided, are diamond dust, silica, carborundum, chalk, alumdum, tungsten carbide, copper, lead, iron, iron oxide, carbon, graphite, molybdenum disulphide, titanium dioxide, various titanates, nylon, of higher melting-point or polytetrafluoroethylene. To achieve surface porosity a soluble material may be mixed with the nylon powder and leached from the finished product. It is found that the strength of the finished product increases sharply when the sintering temperature is raised above a certain point (easily ascertained for any polyamide) and sintering should be conducted at a temperature above this but below the melting-point. Sintering may take place in vacuo or in hot oil. Preferably the moisture content of the article to be sintered should be low and either the article or the powder may be vacuum dried. The nylon may be waste, virgin or a mixture. Examples describe the manufacture of bars or bushings from waste or virgin nylon by the method of the invention and describe physical tests on the products. In some cases the nylon powder was mixed with graphite or copper powder. Lubricants, e.g. zinc stearate, or hydrogenated cottonseed oil may be mixed with the nylon powder or coated on the die surfaces to improve uniformity of the shaped pieces and facilitate their removal from the mould. The process is particularly useful for bushings and may also be employed for making thread guides, cams, gears, thrust washers or materials responsive to magnetic or electrical forces or with abrasive properties. Using a pigment or graphite as the filler, crayons or pencil leads of great strength may be produced. Specifications 461,236, 461,237, [Group IV], and 763,940 are referred to.ALSO:Articles are formed from particles of polyamides or polyesteramides by sintering under substantially non-oxidising conditions at a temperature below that at which any substantial amount of molten phase is produced. The particles have an average diameter of less than 40 microns and are formed under substantially non-oxidising conditions by hammering nylon which has been embrittled with liquid nitrogen or, preferably, by precipitation by cooling a solution in a liquid which is a solvent for the polyamide at elevated temperature and a non-solvent at room temperature. A suitable liquid is ethylene glycol or aqueous ethanol. The powder, after washing and drying, is compressed e.g. at 10-50 tons per square inch with or without a filler to produce an article which can be handled and which is then heated to sinter the particles without fusion. Pressing preferably takes place at room temperature. The product may be annealed. The filler may constitute 85 per cent by volume of the total mixture. Suitable fillers which are preferably finely divided are diamond dust, silica, carborundum, chalk, alundum, tungsten carbide, copper, lead, iron, iron oxide, carbon, graphite, molybdenum disulphide, titanium dioxide, various titanates, nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene. To achieve surface porosity a soluble material may be mixed with the nylon powder and leached from the finished product. It is found that the strength of the finished product increases sharply when the sintering temperature is raised above a certain point (easily ascertained for any polyamide) and sintering should be conducted at a temperature above this but below the melting point. Sintering may take place in vacuo or in hot oil. Preferably the moisture content of the article to be sintered should be low and either the article or the powder may be vacuum dried. The nylon may be waste, virgin or a mixture. Examples describe the manufacture of bars or bushings from waste or virgin nylon by the method of the invention and describe physical tests on the products. In some cases the nylon powder is mixed with graphite or copper powder. Lubricants e.g. zinc stearate, or hydrogenated cotton seed oil may be mixed with the nylon powder or coated on the die surfaces to improve uniformity of the shaped pieces and facilitate their removal from the mould. The process is particularly useful for bushings and may also be employed for making thread guides, cams, gears, thrust washers or materials responsive to magnetic or electrical forces or with abrasive properties. Using a pigment or graphite as the filler, crayons or pencil leads of great strength may be produced.
GB6273/52A 1951-03-21 1952-03-11 Improvements in or relating to shaped polyamide articles and method of forming same Expired GB763939A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US318828XA 1951-03-21 1951-03-21
US190551XA 1951-05-19 1951-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB763939A true GB763939A (en) 1956-12-19

Family

ID=27361142

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB6273/52A Expired GB763939A (en) 1951-03-21 1952-03-11 Improvements in or relating to shaped polyamide articles and method of forming same

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CH (2) CH318828A (en)
DE (1) DE1026068B (en)
FR (1) FR1061794A (en)
GB (1) GB763939A (en)
NL (1) NL91119C (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1085282B (en) * 1959-05-22 1960-07-14 Bobinet Ind A G Deutsche Lubricants for textile machines
DE1150484B (en) * 1960-09-15 1963-06-20 Degussa Additive to lubricants
WO2005000555A2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Rhodia Engineering Plastics S.R.L. Method of producing articles by means of rotational moulding
CN110395027A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-11-01 福建百宏高新材料实业有限公司 A kind of highlighted polyester film and its manufacturing method
CN114875664A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-09 上海氯碱化工股份有限公司 Hydrophobic modification method of nylon and polyvinyl chloride composition containing modified nylon

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1278100B (en) * 1961-09-26 1968-09-19 Sueddeutsche Kabelwerke Zweign Process for the treatment of waste made from thermoplastics containing impurities

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE714708C (en) * 1938-11-01 1941-12-05 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process for the production of molded parts from super polyamides by injection molding
CH216211A (en) * 1938-11-12 1941-08-15 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the shaping processing of reversibly processable plastics.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1085282B (en) * 1959-05-22 1960-07-14 Bobinet Ind A G Deutsche Lubricants for textile machines
DE1150484B (en) * 1960-09-15 1963-06-20 Degussa Additive to lubricants
WO2005000555A2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Rhodia Engineering Plastics S.R.L. Method of producing articles by means of rotational moulding
WO2005000555A3 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-03-10 Rhodia Eng Plastics Srl Method of producing articles by means of rotational moulding
CN110395027A (en) * 2019-07-23 2019-11-01 福建百宏高新材料实业有限公司 A kind of highlighted polyester film and its manufacturing method
CN114875664A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-09 上海氯碱化工股份有限公司 Hydrophobic modification method of nylon and polyvinyl chloride composition containing modified nylon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1061794A (en) 1954-04-15
NL91119C (en)
DE1026068B (en) 1958-03-13
CH342369A (en) 1959-11-15
CH318828A (en) 1957-01-31

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