GB743265A - Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method

Info

Publication number
GB743265A
GB743265A GB717153A GB717153A GB743265A GB 743265 A GB743265 A GB 743265A GB 717153 A GB717153 A GB 717153A GB 717153 A GB717153 A GB 717153A GB 743265 A GB743265 A GB 743265A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
particles
shale
clay
per cent
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB717153A
Inventor
Jerome D Mclaughlin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanium Corp
Original Assignee
Kanium Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kanium Corp filed Critical Kanium Corp
Priority to GB717153A priority Critical patent/GB743265A/en
Publication of GB743265A publication Critical patent/GB743265A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/04Heat treatment
    • C04B20/06Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Abstract

<PICT:0743265/III/1> <PICT:0743265/III/2> <PICT:0743265/III/3> <PICT:0743265/III/4> <PICT:0743265/III/5> Expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles for use as light weight aggregate are prepared by sub-dividing a clay shale into particles of about 4 mesh size or smaller and passing the particles as a gaseous suspension through a heated zone having a temperature between 2000 DEG and 4000 DEG F. and subjecting the particles to heat in said zone for only such a period of time as to completely fuse the particles and simultaneously effect volatilization of gasifying components in the clay shale thereby inflating the particles to produce unicellular spheroidal particles of larger size than the original clay shale particles and cooling the expanded particles to solidify them before coming to rest, the temperature and time of exposure to said temperature being such that the maximum expansion of the particles is effected without rupture of the enclosing wall of fused clay shale. In Fig. 1 a refractory lined heating zone 50 is proved with a burner and clay injection means. Sub-divided clay is introduced from hopper 25 to be entrained in combustible and/or combustion supporting gas introduced at 24, and passed to a burner 12 inside a housing 10a where it is mixed with combustion supporting and/or combustible gas entering at 21. The particles suspended in the hot gases pass through the chamber 50 to lateral openings 53 to be collected in vessels 55. The burner is shown in detail in Fig. 2 wherein clay shale particles entering from hopper 25 are entrained when they leave a depending pipe 25a by a stream of gas entering at 24. Another stream of gas entering at 21 passes concentrically around the gaseous suspension of clay particles in the inner pipe 22 to enter a chamber 13 and from thence enters the chamber 50 through an orifice formed between plates 16 and 40 and the inner pipe 22. An alternative burner is shown in Fig. 6 where an air suspension of clay is fed through pipe 57 and combustible gas is fed from aperture 63 to flow concentric with the clay suspension through annular channels 64a and 65a. Additional air enters at 68 and flows through channel 69a. The clay may be suitably entrained by the air stream in an apparatus as in Fig. 8, wherein clay shale is fed from a hopper 58 into a rotating star feeder 59, the clay dropping through a channel 61 to be entrained in an air stream flowing through pipes 57 in the direction shown. The preferred heating zone is shown in Fig. 7 wherein a refractory lined cylindrical vessel having walls 81 and 81a is surmounted by two frusto conical sections 77 and 74 the divergence of the section 77 being greater than that of 74. The top cylindrical walled portion 81a may be provided with longitudinally extending grooves to increase the surface area and improve the radiating surface but below this part of the wall, the wall 81a should be smooth and may be air cooled as shown by annular air channels 87 through which cooling air is passed thereby becoming preheated for passage to the burner. The clay shale may be dried at about 105 DEG C. to a 2-3 per cent moisture content before treatment. The clay shale employed should preferably contain from 2-10 per cent by weight Fe2O3, the Fe2O3 acting as a source of gas when it is decomposed to ferrous oxide and oxygen on heating of the shale; the shale should also preferably have a silica to alumina weight ratio from 3 to 1 to about 8 to 1 and preferably the total content of lime plus magnesia in the shale is less than 16 per cent; the fusion point of the shale is preferably between 2000 and 2345 DEG F. The proportion of combustible gas and air are preferably so adjusted that the atmosphere of the furnace is reducing, by the employment of a 60 to 75 per cent of the stoichiometric oxygen requirements. In a typical case the final product is from 50 to 500 microns in diameter, representing an expansion of 5 to 50 diameters with attendant decrease of bulk density to less than 50 lbs. per cubic foot.ALSO:Expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles for use as light-weight aggregate are prepared by sub-dividing a clay shale into particles of about 4 mesh size or smaller and passing the particles as a gaseous suspension through a heated zone having a temperature between 2000 and 4000 DEG F. and subjecting the particles to heat in said zone for only such a period of time as to completely fuse the particles and simultaneously effect volatilization of gasifying components in the clay shale thereby inflating the particles to produce unicellular spheroidal particles of larger size than the original clay shale particles and cooling the expanded particles to solidify them before coming to rest, the temperature and time of exposure to said temperature being such that the maximum expansion of the particles is effected without rupture of the enclosing wall of fused clay shale. The clay shale may be dried at about 105 DEG C. to a 2-3 per cent moisture content before treatment. The clay shale employed should preferably contain from 2-10 per cent by weight Fe2O3, the Fe2O3 acting as a source of gas when it is decomposed to ferrous oxide and oxygen on heating of the shale; the shale should also preferably have a silica to alumina weight ratio from 3 to 1 to about 8 to 1 and preferably the total content of lime plus magnesia in the shale is less than 16 per cent; the fusion point of the shale is preferably between 2000 and 2345 DEG F. The proportion of combustible gas and air are preferably so adjusted that the atmosphere of the furnace is reducing, by the employment of a 60 to 75 per cent of the stoichiometric oxygen requirements. In a typical case the final product is from 50 to 500 microns in diameter, representing an expansion of 5 to 50 diameters with attendant decrease of bulk density to less than 50 lbs. per cubic foot.
GB717153A 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method Expired GB743265A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB717153A GB743265A (en) 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB717153A GB743265A (en) 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB743265A true GB743265A (en) 1956-01-11

Family

ID=9827978

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB717153A Expired GB743265A (en) 1953-03-16 1953-03-16 Improvements in or relating to method of producing expanded spherulized, thin-walled unicellular particles and the expanded spherulized thin-walled unicellular particles resulting from said method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB743265A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1190382B (en) * 1956-12-04 1965-04-01 Moler Products Ltd Process for the production of a highly porous insulating material from a clay-containing starting material and device for carrying out the process
DE1246179B (en) * 1957-10-22 1967-08-03 Standard Oil Co Process for the production of hollow glass cones
DE1268536B (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-05-16 Fetok Gmbh Method and device for firing clay into fireclay in a fine-grained state
US3759660A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-09-18 Dow Chemical Co Low velocity burner for thermal expansion of particulate solids
DE2515279A1 (en) * 1974-04-15 1975-10-23 Kms Fusion Inc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING MICROBALLS FROM GLASS

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1190382B (en) * 1956-12-04 1965-04-01 Moler Products Ltd Process for the production of a highly porous insulating material from a clay-containing starting material and device for carrying out the process
DE1246179B (en) * 1957-10-22 1967-08-03 Standard Oil Co Process for the production of hollow glass cones
DE1268536B (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-05-16 Fetok Gmbh Method and device for firing clay into fireclay in a fine-grained state
US3759660A (en) * 1971-10-18 1973-09-18 Dow Chemical Co Low velocity burner for thermal expansion of particulate solids
DE2515279A1 (en) * 1974-04-15 1975-10-23 Kms Fusion Inc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING MICROBALLS FROM GLASS

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