GB741067A - Process for the production of organic silicon compounds - Google Patents
Process for the production of organic silicon compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- GB741067A GB741067A GB25218/53A GB2521853A GB741067A GB 741067 A GB741067 A GB 741067A GB 25218/53 A GB25218/53 A GB 25218/53A GB 2521853 A GB2521853 A GB 2521853A GB 741067 A GB741067 A GB 741067A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- hydrogen
- hydrocarbon
- gases
- products
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 10
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 32
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 26
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- -1 propane Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH2]C UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;methanol Chemical compound N.OC CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001641 magnesium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si] SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0896—Compounds with a Si-H linkage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
Polymeric and monomeric organo-substituted silanes are prepared by reacting elemental silicon with hydrocarbon-containing gases by passing said gases through an electric arc formed between hot or cold electrodes and allowing said gases to react with silicon of small particle size either while passing through the arc or shortly thereafter, or by heating the hydrocarbon containing gases and silicon of small particle size to a temperature at which silicon vaporizes or the <PICT:0741067/IV(a)/1> <PICT:0741067/IV(a)/2> <PICT:0741067/IV(a)/3> hydrocarbons dissociate, or by passing hydrocarbon containing gases through a silicon containing melt, and rapidly cooling the reaction products after their formation. The cooling of the reaction products may be effected by rapid removal from the source of heat and/or by injection of water or other inert liquid substances having a relatively high heat of evaporation and/or by passing said reaction products through a fluidized bed of an inert solid substance of small particle size. The silicon used may be amorphous silicon or an alloy of silicon in powdered form. Copper and silver are given as examples of metal catalysts that may be used in the reaction. Elevated reaction pressures may also be used. The hydrocarbon containing gases may be admixed with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or small quantities of carbon monoxide, and when oxygen is present, oxygen containing silicon products are formed. The products of the process may contain silicon-hydrogen and/or silicon-silicon linkages which are suitable for hydrolysis to form condensation products. The electric arc method may be carried out by recycling a mixture of one or more hydrocarbons and silicon dust, and separating the reaction products, e.g. by dissolving the reaction products in a mixture of methanol and aqueous concentrated ammonia and then distilling off the methanol, water and ammonia to leave an oily hardenable resin. Three methods for the preparation of the desired silicon compounds are detailed as follows: (a) a hydrocarbon, e.g. propane, is recycled through a melt of silicon, aluminium and tin at a temperature of about 400 DEG C. to form oily polymeric alkyl silanes which can be extracted with caustic potash solution and precipitated with acid; (b) a mixture of ethylene and hydrogen are passed through amorphous silicon in the presence of magnesium iodide under a pressure of 400 atmospheres and at a temperature of 400 DEG C. to form alkyl silanes; (c) a ferro-silicon rod, heated electrically, is arranged axially in a water-cooled metal tube, and a mixture of hydrogen and methane is passed under pressure through the tube to form volatile, oily and solid hydrocarbon-substituted silicon compounds. In Fig. 1, a blower 1 circulates a mixture of hydrogen and silicon dust through tube 2, and an electric arc 3 is provided between carbon electrodes 4 and 5. Hydrogen is introduced through inlet 6 and gaseous products are withdrawn from the cycle through dust separator 7. The temperature of the gases may be controlled by means of water trough 8. The gaseous products are extracted with methanolic ammonia, the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness, and the desired silicon containing oil is extracted with cyclohexanone to remove silica. In Fig. 2, the hydrocarbon gases to be reacted are introduced at 11, the silicon in the form of ferrosilicon dust trickles down the conically-shaped vessel 12, and the reaction takes place in an arc between a water-cooled copper cathode 9 and a water-cooled iron anode 10. Aryl and alkyl silanes are the main products when natural gas is employed in this apparatus. In Fig. 3, ground iron containing silicon together with coke oven gas free from carbon monoxide are recycled with the aid of blower 1. Portion 16 of the apparatus operates as a centrifugal separator so that the quantity of silicon dust reaching the electrodes 4 and 5 can be regulated. The inlet for the gas to be reacted is at 18. Condensable reaction products-mainly liquid alkyl silanes are separated in cooler 17.ALSO:<PICT:0741067/IV(a)/1> <PICT:0741067/IV(a)/2> <PICT:0741067/IV(a)/3> Organic compounds containing silicon, e.g. partially alkyl and/or aryl substituted silanes, are prepared by reacting elemental silicon with hydrocarbon-containing gases by passing said gases through an electric arc formed between hot or cold electrodes and allowing said gases to react with silicon of small particle size either while passing through the arc or shortly thereafter, or by heating the hydrocarbon containing gases and silicon of small particle size to a temperature at which silicon vaporizes or the hydrocarbons dissociate, or by passing hydrocarbon containing gases through a silicon containing melt, and rapidly cooling the reaction products after their formation. The cooling of the reaction products may be effected by rapid removal from the source of heat and/or injection of water or other inert liquid substances having a relatively high heat of evaporation and/or by passing said reaction products through a fluidized bed of an inert solid substance of small particle size. The silicon used in the above reaction may be amorphous silicon or in the form of an alloy in powdered form. Copper and silver are given as examples of metal catalysts suitable for use in the reaction. Elevated reaction pressures may also be used. The electric arc method is advantageously carried out in a fluidized bed of the silicon maintained by an upwardly directed stream of the gaseous reaction components. The electric arc method may be modified in that the hydrocarbon-containing gases are wholly or partly formed by passing a mixture of silicon of small particle size and hydrogen through an arc formed between carbon electrodes, or by passing a mixture of methane, hydrogen and silicon of small particle size through an arc so that the carbon formed by cracking the methane reacts with the hydrogen to form the hydrocarbon containing gases. The products of the processes may contain silicon-hydrogen and/or silicon-silicon linkages, the preferred products being alkyl and aryl silanes of the general formula RnSiH4-n, wherein R represents an alkyl or aryl group and n is an integer of 1 to 4, e.g. dimethylsilane. The hydrocarbon containing gases can be admixed with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or small quantities of carbon monoxide, and when oxygen is present, oxygen containing organic silicon compounds are formed. The electric arc method may be carried out by recycling a mixture of one or more hydrocarbons and silicon dust, and the reaction products are then separated, e.g. by dissolving the reaction products in a mixture of methanol and aqueous concentrated ammonia, and then distilling off the methanol, water and ammonia to leave an oily hardenable residue. The hydrocarbon containing gases can be directed upwardly into the electric arc (preferably formed between a water cooled copper electrode and a water cooled iron electrode) to maintain a fluidized bed of silicon. Three methods for the preparation of the desired silicon compounds are detailed as follows: (a) a hydrocarbon, e.g. propane, is recycled through a melt of silicon, aluminium and tin at a temperature of about 400 DEG C. to form oily polymeric alkyl silanes which can be extracted with caustic potash solution and precipitated with acid; (b) a mixture of ethylene and hydrogen are passed through amorphous silicon in the presence of magnesium iodide under a pressure of 400 atmospheres and at a temperature of 400 DEG C. to form alkyl silanes; (c) a ferro-silicon rod, heated electrically, is arranged axially in a water-cooled metal tube and a mixture of hydrogen and methane is passed under pressure through the tube to form volatile, oily and solid hydrocarbon substituted silicon compounds. Apparatus suitable for carrying out the electric are method are shown in the Figures. In Fig. 1, a blower 1 circulates a mixture of hydrogen and silicon dust through tube 2, and an electric arc 3 is provided between carbon electrodes 4 and 5. Hydrogen is introduced through inlet 6 and gaseous products are withdrawn from the cycle through dust separator 7. The temperature of the gases may be controlled by means of the water trough 8. The gaseous products may be extracted with methanolic ammonia, the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness, and the desired silicon containing oil is extracted with cyclohexanone to remove silica. In Fig. 2, the hydrocarbon gases to be reacted are introduced at 11, the silicon in the form of ferrosilicon dust trickles down the conically-shaped vessel 12, and the reaction takes place in an arc between a water-cooled copper cathode 9 and a water-cooled iron anode 10. Aryl and alkyl silanes, particularly dimethyl silane are the main products when natural gas is employed in this apparatus. In Fig. 3, ground iron containing silicon together with coke oven gas free from carbon monoxide are recycled with the aid of blower 1. Portion 16 of the apparatus operates as a centrifugal separator so that the quantity of silicon dust reaching the electrodes 4 and 5 can be regulated. The inlet for the gas to be reacted is at 18. Condensable reaction products-mainly liquid alkyl silanes, including dimethyl silane, are separated in cooler 17.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE741067X | 1952-09-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB741067A true GB741067A (en) | 1955-11-23 |
Family
ID=6644365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB25218/53A Expired GB741067A (en) | 1952-09-16 | 1953-09-11 | Process for the production of organic silicon compounds |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB741067A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3404078A (en) * | 1964-08-13 | 1968-10-01 | Battelle Development Corp | Method of generating a plasma arc with a fluidized bed as one electrode |
US20110132744A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-06-09 | Rev Renewal Energy Ventures, Inc. | Plasma-assisted organofunctionalization of silicon tetrahalides or organohalosilanes |
US8709540B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2014-04-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting device, film-forming method and manufacturing apparatus thereof, and cleaning method of the manufacturing apparatus |
-
1953
- 1953-09-11 GB GB25218/53A patent/GB741067A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3404078A (en) * | 1964-08-13 | 1968-10-01 | Battelle Development Corp | Method of generating a plasma arc with a fluidized bed as one electrode |
US8709540B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2014-04-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting device, film-forming method and manufacturing apparatus thereof, and cleaning method of the manufacturing apparatus |
US20110132744A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-06-09 | Rev Renewal Energy Ventures, Inc. | Plasma-assisted organofunctionalization of silicon tetrahalides or organohalosilanes |
US10005798B2 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2018-06-26 | Nagarjuna Fertilizers And Chemicals Limited | Plasma-assisted organofunctionalization of silicon tetrahalides or organohalosilanes |
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