GB731806A - Method and apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in the liquid phase - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in the liquid phase

Info

Publication number
GB731806A
GB731806A GB22936/51A GB2293651A GB731806A GB 731806 A GB731806 A GB 731806A GB 22936/51 A GB22936/51 A GB 22936/51A GB 2293651 A GB2293651 A GB 2293651A GB 731806 A GB731806 A GB 731806A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
feed
catalyst
pipe
isobutane
recycled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB22936/51A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Standard Oil Development Co
Original Assignee
Standard Oil Development Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Oil Development Co filed Critical Standard Oil Development Co
Publication of GB731806A publication Critical patent/GB731806A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/54Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
    • C07C2/56Addition to acyclic hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/58Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/62Catalytic processes with acids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/23Mixing by intersecting jets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J14/00Chemical processes in general for reacting liquids with liquids; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00103Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Isoparaffinic hydrocarbons are reacted with olefins in the presence of a liquid acid catalyst to form branched chain hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, free from polymerization products, by feeding to a confined reaction zone an emulsion of the liquid catalyst and the major portion of the isoparaffin feed, and a mixture of the remaining isoparaffin feed and recycled reactants and reaction products free from catalyst, discharging the emulsion and mixture through opposed coaxial nozzles to impinge on each other, introducing fresh olefin feed into the reaction zone either in admixture with the said mixture, or as a separate stream directed towards the region of impingement of the streams of emulsion and mixture, withdrawing liquid from the reaction zone and separating it into a heavy, catalyst component which is recycled with the isoparaffin feed and a lighter fractionable component part of which is withdrawn for product recovery, the major portion being recycled with the remaining isoparaffin, to the reaction zone. As shown in Fig. 1, isobutane is fed at 29 and passed by pump 25 to a pipe 8 and header 9 in the lower portion of a reactor 1 which is divided into two chambers 1a, 1b by a <PICT:0731806/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0731806/IV (b)/2> plate 2 which carries a series of opposed nozzles 5. Acid catalyst joins the isobutane feed either from line 30 or line 24b and is optionally emulsified in a device 26 or heated at 27. The emulsion is discharged from chamber 16 through pipe 3 and nozzle 5 as a jet in chamber 1a. Olefin feed, e.g. butylene, enters at 28 together with a minor amount of isobutane and, mixed with catalyst free liquid from line 20, enters the reaction chamber through pipes 7, 6, 6a and 4 to be discharged by the other nozzle 5. Reaction products withdrawn at 10 are separated at 12 into a heavy catalyst containing component which passes down pipe 24 to join the main isobutane feed, and a lighter component, catalyst free and containing reaction products and excess isobutane reactant which leaves at 13. The major portion of this is recycled by line 20 to take up the olefin feed from 28 and a minor proportion is passed through separators 14 and 15 to a fractionating column 18 for product recovery. Catalysts employed may be sulphuric acid or mixtures thereof with phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or aluminium chloride boron fluoride complexes. 90 to 98 per cent sulphuric acid is preferred and reaction temperatures of 30 DEG to 60 DEG F. are specified. The total feed may comprise 15 per cent butylene, 70 per cent isobutane, the olefin feed preferably containing at least 40 per cent butylene and the paraffin feed containing at least 85 per cent of isobutane. The isobutane feed is preferably cooled to 25 DEG to 40 DEG F. in a cooler 32 and, to prevent freezing, a small amount of acid may be added at 30. The olefin feed may also be at the same temperature. The isobutane feed is preferably heated to 40 DEG to 80 DEG F. by heater 27 before entering the reactor through pipe 8. Alternatively, temperature control may be effected by allowing a portion of the materials fed to the reaction vessel to vaporize, and after recompression, recirculating them to produce an auto-refrigeration effect at the point of contact of the reactants in the reactor. The retention time in the zone X between the nozzles may be from 0.10 to 10 seconds and the residence time in the reactor 0.5 to 5 minutes. In a modification, Fig. 2, the emulsion of catalyst and isoparaffin from chamber 16 passes through pipe 3 to be discharged at nozzle 5 whilst recycled reactants enter pipes 7, 6a, 4 and are discharged through the other nozzle 5. The olefin is then fed from pipe 32 to a pipe 31 terminating at a point between the nozzles 5. The invention is applicable to the use of fast reacting olefins such as propylene, amylene and isobutylene, whilst as paraffins, isopentane may also be used. Specification 731,815 is referred to.ALSO:Liquid reactants are contacted in a reaction zone in the presence of a liquid catalyst, immiscible therewith by emulsifying the liquid catalyst with a major portion of the least reactive of the fresh feed materials, mixing the remaining and minor proportion of said least reactive reactant with a major portion of the <PICT:0731806/III/1> <PICT:0731806/III/2> reactant materials withdrawn from the zone after contact therein and separation of catalyst, and injecting said emulsion and mixture into the reaction zone as coaxially opposed jetted streams impinging on each other within a body of said materials maintained in the zone, and introducing the most reactive material of the fresh reactant feed either in admixture with said stream of the mixture of the least reactive component and the recycled reactant materials or as a separate stream directed towards the region of impingement of the streams of emulsion and mixture. The method is particularly applicable to the reaction of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons with olefines to form branched chain saturated hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, and to avoid undesired polymerization reactions. As shown in the Figure, a closed reactor 1 is divided into two chambers 1a, 1b by a transverse plate 2 through which a series of pairs of pipes 3 and 4 pass, terminating in opposed nozzles 5. The least reactive reactant, e.g. isobutane is fed at 29 and passed together with the liquid catalyst, such as sulphuric acid or mixtures thereof with phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid or complexes of aluminium chloride and boron fluoride from pipe 30, through a punch 25 and line 8 to the lower chamber 1b by a header 9. If desired this feed may be by-passed through a heat-exchanger 27 and emulsification enhanced by subdividing the feed and discharging it as opposed jets in a device 26 before entering pipe 8. This portion of the feed fills the chamber 1b and passes through plate 2 by pipe 3 to be discharged through nozzle 5. The most reactive component is fed at 28, mixed with recycled reactants (see below) from pipe 20 and passed through pipes 7, 6a and 4 to the other nozzle 5. Reaction products are withdrawn at 10 and passed through a separator 12 where the liquids are separated into a heavy component, consisting of catalyst which may be in part withdrawn at 24a and replenished at 24b, and a lighter component consisting of a fractionable mixture including reaction products and the excess of one of the reactants. The lighter component withdrawn at 13 is in part passed to additional separators 14 and 15 and to a fractionating tower 18, whilst part is recycled through pipes 20 and 7 to the reaction zone. The heavy component passes through line 24 to be mixed with the isobutane feed at 31 and is recycled to the reactor. In a modification, Fig. 2, the emulsion of catalyst and least reactive reactant from chamber 1b passes through pipe 3 to be discharged at nozzle 5 whilst recycled reactants enter pipes 7, 6a, 4 and are discharged through the other nozzle 5. The most reactive component, e.g. the olefine, is led from pipe 32 to a pipe 31 terminating at a point p between the nozzles 5. The reaction and feed temperatures are controlled as shown by heat exchangers 23, 32, 27, but if desired a portion of the materials supplied to the reaction vessel may be vaporized therein and after recompression, recirculated to produce an auto refrigeration effect at the point of contact of the reactants in the reactor. Specification 731,815 is referred to.
GB22936/51A 1951-05-01 1951-10-02 Method and apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in the liquid phase Expired GB731806A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US731806XA 1951-05-01 1951-05-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB731806A true GB731806A (en) 1955-06-15

Family

ID=22112217

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB22936/51A Expired GB731806A (en) 1951-05-01 1951-10-02 Method and apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in the liquid phase

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB731806A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140101956A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Alan Richard Priebe Dryer impinging heating liquid onto moistened medium
CN111167331A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-19 西安交通大学 T-shaped mixer for supercritical hydrothermal synthesis technology

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140101956A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Alan Richard Priebe Dryer impinging heating liquid onto moistened medium
US9096079B2 (en) * 2012-10-11 2015-08-04 Eastman Kodak Company Dryer impinging heating liquid onto moistened medium
CN111167331A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-19 西安交通大学 T-shaped mixer for supercritical hydrothermal synthesis technology

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