GB685441A - Improvements in or relating to calculating machines - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to calculating machinesInfo
- Publication number
- GB685441A GB685441A GB864247A GB864247A GB685441A GB 685441 A GB685441 A GB 685441A GB 864247 A GB864247 A GB 864247A GB 864247 A GB864247 A GB 864247A GB 685441 A GB685441 A GB 685441A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- chain
- binary
- relays
- denomination
- link
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/40—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay
- G06F7/405—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay binary
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
- G06F7/40—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay
- G06F7/42—Adding; Subtracting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
Abstract
685,441. Digital electric calculating-apparatus. BRITISH TABULATING MACHINE CO., Ltd., (Valtat, R. L. A.). March 25, 1948 [March 31, 1947; March 31, 1947], Nos. 8642/47 and 8643/47. Class 106 (i). Calculating-apparatus for summing positive and /or negative numbers expressed in either pure or a mixed binary notation comprises switches for setting contacts to represent the numbers to be summed and chain circuits in which these contacts are connected in groups, each group representing a binary denomination, the entrypoint into each group except the first, in a chain circuit being connected only to exit points from groups in that chain circuit representing denominations lower than that of said group and the number and arrangement of such connections being determined by the significance in the notation concerned of the transfers between the successive binary denominations, so that the appropriate entry point into each group of a chain is energized via contacts in all the groups of that chain circuit representing denominations lower than that of said group whereby setting of the switches to represent the numbers to be summed sets up fully the necessary summing circuits so that no separate carry time is required. As shown in Fig. 5, the apparatus for translating a decimal number into the corresponding binary number comprises "units," "tens" and " hundreds " contacts 31 which are connected to relays 32 corresponding to powers of " 2." If, therefore, a decimal number is entered by closure of the appropriate contacts 31 the corresponding relays 32 are energized. The relays 32, Fig. 7, are arranged in groups corresponding to binary denominations and control contact arms 15 movable between two positions and forming links in a chain circuit. The number of contact arms 15 in. each link corresponds to the number of relays 32 in the corresponding binary denomination. A path through the chain is therefore set up in accordance with the energization or non-energization of the relays 32À Energization or non-energization of the relays 18 which are at the end of each link serve to indicate whether there is a " 1 " or a " 0 " in the corresponding binary denomination. Transfer from one denomination to another is automatically taken into account by arranging that each link of the chain, except the first, has as many starting-points as there are carries possible from the preceding denomination, the starting-point being determined by the path taken through the preceding link. It can be seen, therefore, that for every possible binary number within the range of the apparatus (in this case 2‹+2<SP>1</SP>+ ... 2<SP>9</SP>) there is a definite path through the chain and in the denominations in which a " 1 " occurs the corresponding relays 18 are energized. If desired the chain could be split into two parallel chains, one for determining and indicating, again by the energization of non-energization of relays, the number in the denomination, viz. " 1 " or " 0 " and the other for determining the " carry " to each denomination. In this case each link of the indicating chain is connected in parallel with the corresponding link of the carry chain. A similar arrangement of contacts, relays and contact arms, Figs. 6 and 8 (not shown), may be used to translate from the sterling notation into the binary notation. Fig. 3 shows the application of the invention to apparatus for adding or subtracting two binary numbers a and b, a being greater than b. A relay bx controls a contact arm to determine whether the subtract or add chain is required. As before, each link of the chain has contact arms controlled by associated relays a0 ... a9 and b0 . . . b9 which are energized when a " 1 " is present in the corresponding binary denomination of the binary numbers a and b, the said numbers being sensed from a punched card in known manner. The paths through the chains [a-6] and [a+b] therefore corresponds to the difference or sum of the binary numbers a and b and the result is indicated by the energization or non-energization of the relays +L0 ... +L5 to register a " 1 " or a " 0 " in each binary denomination. Transfer is again automatically taken into account by having as many entry points to each link as there are possible carries from the preceding link. Each chain is divided into two between the fifth and sixth binary denomination. Similar circuits, Figs. 9, 10 and 11 (not shown), are employed in accordance with the invention for the addition of numbers represented in a coded decimal notation. According to the first Provisional Specification a trigger pair of valves may replace the contact arms and there may be a mechanical form of the chain in which pins replace the contact arms and the rods in which the pins are carried replace the relays.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE485995D BE485995A (en) | 1947-03-31 | ||
FR1057767D FR1057767A (en) | 1947-03-31 | ||
GB864247A GB685441A (en) | 1947-03-31 | 1947-03-31 | Improvements in or relating to calculating machines |
CH283107D CH283107A (en) | 1947-03-31 | 1948-11-10 | Electrical device to be calculated. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB864247A GB685441A (en) | 1947-03-31 | 1947-03-31 | Improvements in or relating to calculating machines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB685441A true GB685441A (en) | 1953-01-07 |
Family
ID=9856409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB864247A Expired GB685441A (en) | 1947-03-31 | 1947-03-31 | Improvements in or relating to calculating machines |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE485995A (en) |
CH (1) | CH283107A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1057767A (en) |
GB (1) | GB685441A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2934262A (en) * | 1953-07-27 | 1960-04-26 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Electronic digital computer |
US2989237A (en) * | 1956-05-14 | 1961-06-20 | Int Computers & Tabulators Ltd | Coded decimal adder subtractor |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2928601A (en) * | 1952-03-25 | 1960-03-15 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Arithmetic units for decimal coded binary computers |
-
0
- BE BE485995D patent/BE485995A/xx unknown
- FR FR1057767D patent/FR1057767A/fr not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-03-31 GB GB864247A patent/GB685441A/en not_active Expired
-
1948
- 1948-11-10 CH CH283107D patent/CH283107A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2934262A (en) * | 1953-07-27 | 1960-04-26 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Electronic digital computer |
US2989237A (en) * | 1956-05-14 | 1961-06-20 | Int Computers & Tabulators Ltd | Coded decimal adder subtractor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE485995A (en) | |
CH283107A (en) | 1952-05-31 |
FR1057767A (en) | 1954-03-10 |
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