GB678211A - Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor

Info

Publication number
GB678211A
GB678211A GB1163049A GB1163049A GB678211A GB 678211 A GB678211 A GB 678211A GB 1163049 A GB1163049 A GB 1163049A GB 1163049 A GB1163049 A GB 1163049A GB 678211 A GB678211 A GB 678211A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
coils
gas
liquid
reaction zone
reactants
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1163049A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRAWFORD ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM PETRIE
JOHN BURNARD HARDING
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
CRAWFORD ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM PETRIE
JOHN BURNARD HARDING
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CRAWFORD ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM PETRIE, JOHN BURNARD HARDING, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical CRAWFORD ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM PETRIE
Priority to GB1163049A priority Critical patent/GB678211A/en
Publication of GB678211A publication Critical patent/GB678211A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00083—Coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag

Abstract

Liquid phase chemical reactions in which at least one of the reactants is a gas are carried out under superatmospheric pressure and within controlled ranges of temperature by introducing the reactants into a zone containing heat transfer coils, passing a controlled portion of the reactant gas through the coils, mixing the streams of gas from the reaction zone and the coils, and recycling the combined stream partly to the reaction zone and partly to the coils (see Group III). When all the reactants are gaseous an inert liquid medium is maintained in the reaction zone. The molar ratio of gas to liquid used is such that little vaporization of the liquid occurs. The process may be used for the carbonylation of mono-olefines containing 2-18 carbon atoms, or cyclohexene, by means of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using a cobalt catalyst (e.g. cobalt naphthenate or acetate) at a temperature of 100-180 DEG C. and a pressure of 200-300 atmospheres to form oxygen-containing compounds, especially aldehydes. When the olefines are gaseous an inert liquid medium, e.g. saturated butane trimer, 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanol, or dinonyl ether, is present. An example describes the carbonylation of diisobutylene to form a product comprising 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanal-1 and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol-1. Other reactions referred to are: liquid-phase Fischer-Tropsch reaction; synthesis of glycollic acid from aqueous formaldehyde and carbon monoxide; synthesis of propionic acid from ethylene, carbon monoxide and water; reductive alkylation of aromatic nitro-bodies and amines to give alkyl substituted amines, e.g. N,N1-dialkyl-phenylene-diamines; and amination of high boiling aldehydes and ketones.ALSO:<PICT:0678211/III/1> Liquid phase chemical reactions in which at least one of the reactants is a gas are carried out under superatmospheric pressure and within controlled ranges of temperature by introducing the reactants into a zone containing heat transfer coils, passing a controlled portion of a reactant gas through the coils, mixing the streams of gas from the reaction zone and the coils, and recycling the combined stream partly to the reaction zone and partly to the coils. When all the reactants are gaseous an inert liquid medium is maintained in the reaction zone. The molar ratio of gas to liquid used is such that little vaporization of the liquid occurs; the theoretical molar ratio is preferably 2 : 1 to 4 : 1, but the actual ratio used may be increased to 7 : 1. The ratio of the volume of gas passed through the coils to the volume fed to the reaction zone is preferably greater than 9 : 1 In the apparatus shown reactant gas is fed through pipes 2, and reactant liquid through pipe 3a heat transfer gas passes from inlet 11 via headers 10 through serpentine coils 8 to outlet 12; the reaction products are withdrawn through pipe 13 and the liquid portion separated. When the reaction is exothermic, the gases from the coils and from the reaction zone are cooled before recycling; for endothermic reactions the circulating gases are heated. The process may be used for the carbonylation of mono-olefines containing 2-18 carbon atoms, or cyclohexene, by means of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using a cobalt catalyst (e.g. cobalt naphthenante or acetate) at a temperature of 100 DEG -180 DEG C and a pressure of 200-300 atmospheres to form oxygen-containing compounds, especially aldehydes. When the olefines are gaseous, an inert liquid medium, e.g. saturated butane trimer, 3, 5, 5-trimethyl hexanol, or dinonyl ether, is present. An example describes the carbonylation of diisobutylene to form a product comprising 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexanal-1 and 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexanol-1. Other reactions referred to are: liquid phase Fischer Tropsch reaction; synthesis of glycollic acid from aqueous formaldehyde and carbon monoxide; synthesis of propionic acid from ethylene, carbon monoxide and water; reductive alkylation of aromatic nitro-bodies and amines to give alkyl substituted amines, e.g. NN1-dialkyl-phenylene diamines; and amination of high boiling aldehydes and ketones.
GB1163049A 1949-05-02 1949-05-02 Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor Expired GB678211A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1163049A GB678211A (en) 1949-05-02 1949-05-02 Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1163049A GB678211A (en) 1949-05-02 1949-05-02 Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB678211A true GB678211A (en) 1952-08-27

Family

ID=9989812

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1163049A Expired GB678211A (en) 1949-05-02 1949-05-02 Improvements in and relating to the conducting of chemical processes and apparatus therefor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB678211A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4187902A (en) * 1971-10-13 1980-02-12 Hercofina Heat exchange apparatus
GB2204055A (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-02 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4187902A (en) * 1971-10-13 1980-02-12 Hercofina Heat exchange apparatus
GB2204055A (en) * 1987-04-29 1988-11-02 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons
GB2204055B (en) * 1987-04-29 1992-01-02 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons

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