GB665263A - Methods of treating and transforming chemical substances - Google Patents

Methods of treating and transforming chemical substances

Info

Publication number
GB665263A
GB665263A GB20811/47A GB2081147A GB665263A GB 665263 A GB665263 A GB 665263A GB 20811/47 A GB20811/47 A GB 20811/47A GB 2081147 A GB2081147 A GB 2081147A GB 665263 A GB665263 A GB 665263A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
oils
irradiation
reactants
ammonia
magnesium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB20811/47A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electronized Chemicals Corp
Original Assignee
Electronized Chemicals Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electronized Chemicals Corp filed Critical Electronized Chemicals Corp
Publication of GB665263A publication Critical patent/GB665263A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/005—Refining fats or fatty oils by wave energy or electric current, e.g. electrodialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/081—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing particle radiation or gamma-radiation
    • B01J19/085—Electron beams only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/04—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. for curing or vulcanising preformed articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
    • C07C17/02—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/10—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
    • C07C17/12—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the ring of aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
    • C07C201/08—Preparation of nitro compounds by substitution of hydrogen atoms by nitro groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/367—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0866—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation
    • B29C2035/0877—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation using electron radiation, e.g. beta-rays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Chemical reactions other than polymerization or condensation of organic thermosetting and thermoplastic materials are promoted by irradiating the reacting components with high speed electrons having a velocity equivalent to more than 1 million volts. The irradiation should be carried out during one or more short periods lasting less than 10-1 sec. The reactants may be placed in an electron permeable sealed container and may be heated or cooled, e.g. to -20 DEG to -80 DEG C. The reactants may be irradiated with stirring, with or without usual catalysts, e.g. magnesium, cobalt or nickel oxides, in the presence of air or inert gas or in a partial vacuum or under pressure. The reactants may be treated in the presence of "contact materials" which facilitate reaction during irradiation, but terminate it after irradiation, e.g. oxides of the metals of the second and third groups of the periodic table such as magnesium, zinc, or aluminium. The reactions mentioned are:-oxidation, e.g. benzoic acid to salicylic acid, halogenation, e.g. preparation of benzyl chloride, benzal chloride, and benzo-trichloride, fluorination and chlorination of benzene; nitration, e.g. of toluene; dehydrogenation of non-drying and semi-drying oils to say linseed and tung oils; refining and bleaching of animal and vegetable oils, e.g. cotton seed oil; hydrogenation of vegetable and animal oils, e.g castor, olive, palm coconut, peanut and cottonseed oils; vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers; depolymerization of corn starch; the preparation of butadiene say from ethylene and acetylene, isoprene, 2:3 dimethyl butadiene, 2-chlorobutadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, indigo from indican and indoxyl sulphuric acid, diazo compounds from azo compounds, Vitamin D from ergosterol, colouring matter from phenol, ammonia and condensation products of aniline with ammonia, nitriles, sulphides, inorganic acids, and esters. The source of radiation and the containers should be of the type described in Specification 673,924. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also irradiation with neutrons. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
GB20811/47A 1942-05-07 1947-07-31 Methods of treating and transforming chemical substances Expired GB665263A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US665263XA 1942-05-07 1942-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB665263A true GB665263A (en) 1952-01-23

Family

ID=22070073

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB20811/47A Expired GB665263A (en) 1942-05-07 1947-07-31 Methods of treating and transforming chemical substances

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB665263A (en)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2867571A (en) * 1953-09-30 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Depolymerization of high molecular weight dextran
US2904485A (en) * 1956-06-21 1959-09-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical treatment of heavy oils
US2905607A (en) * 1957-04-08 1959-09-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of neutron radiation and a cracking catalyst
US2905606A (en) * 1957-04-08 1959-09-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of neutron irradiation and a hydrogenation catalyst
US2905608A (en) * 1955-12-29 1959-09-22 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of catalyst materials with high energy radiations
US2934481A (en) * 1954-11-17 1960-04-26 Union Carbide Corp Promotion of chemical reactions
US2940869A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-06-14 Du Pont Process of adhering an organic compound to a shaped organic polymer
US2949413A (en) * 1957-11-06 1960-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Process for purifying propylene oxide
US2956938A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-10-18 Du Pont Synthesis of amines
US2959529A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Neutron irradiated hydrocarbon conversion process
US2959530A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical hydrogenation process
US2962431A (en) * 1956-06-28 1960-11-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Activated carbon catalyst radiochemical hydrocarbon conversions
US2962430A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Catalytic hydrocarbon radiochemical conversion process
US2964458A (en) * 1956-07-20 1960-12-13 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Preparation of ethylene polymers
US2973309A (en) * 1956-08-14 1961-02-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stable butyl latices
US2990345A (en) * 1956-03-23 1961-06-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Irradiation of lithium base greases
US2990346A (en) * 1956-03-23 1961-06-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Irradiation of sodium base greases
US3001920A (en) * 1956-05-21 1961-09-26 Olin Mathieson Conversion of diborane
US3007859A (en) * 1956-08-15 1961-11-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Atomic reactor
US3018235A (en) * 1956-06-26 1962-01-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical hydrocarbon conversion process
US3055814A (en) * 1958-07-30 1962-09-25 Pure Oil Co Naphtha hydroforming by irradiation
US3081243A (en) * 1959-02-27 1963-03-12 Armour Res Found Method of making fluorinated compounds
US3090736A (en) * 1960-01-27 1963-05-21 Dow Chemical Co Insoluble polyacrylic acid salts and method of preparing the same
US3092561A (en) * 1960-01-20 1963-06-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for producing atomic hydrogen
US3112252A (en) * 1956-08-15 1963-11-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Color improvement of lubricating oils
US3120478A (en) * 1960-10-06 1964-02-04 Purdue Research Foundation Gamma radiation nitration of alkanes
US3125498A (en) * 1964-03-17 Method of upgrading light
US3129156A (en) * 1960-03-31 1964-04-14 Continental Oil Co Preparation of vinyl fluorides
US3154480A (en) * 1957-08-22 1964-10-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Demetallization of heavy petroleum oils
WO2002083295A1 (en) * 2001-04-13 2002-10-24 Silvio Perona Method for purifying and refining fluids through accelerated electrons
WO2005002721A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Method for modifying natural and renewable oils by means of ionising radiation

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125498A (en) * 1964-03-17 Method of upgrading light
US2867571A (en) * 1953-09-30 1959-01-06 Gen Electric Depolymerization of high molecular weight dextran
US2934481A (en) * 1954-11-17 1960-04-26 Union Carbide Corp Promotion of chemical reactions
US2905608A (en) * 1955-12-29 1959-09-22 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of catalyst materials with high energy radiations
US2990345A (en) * 1956-03-23 1961-06-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Irradiation of lithium base greases
US2990346A (en) * 1956-03-23 1961-06-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Irradiation of sodium base greases
US3001920A (en) * 1956-05-21 1961-09-26 Olin Mathieson Conversion of diborane
US2959529A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Neutron irradiated hydrocarbon conversion process
US2904485A (en) * 1956-06-21 1959-09-15 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical treatment of heavy oils
US2959530A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical hydrogenation process
US2962430A (en) * 1956-06-21 1960-11-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Catalytic hydrocarbon radiochemical conversion process
US3018235A (en) * 1956-06-26 1962-01-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Radiochemical hydrocarbon conversion process
US2962431A (en) * 1956-06-28 1960-11-29 Exxon Research Engineering Co Activated carbon catalyst radiochemical hydrocarbon conversions
US2940869A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-06-14 Du Pont Process of adhering an organic compound to a shaped organic polymer
US2964458A (en) * 1956-07-20 1960-12-13 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Preparation of ethylene polymers
US2973309A (en) * 1956-08-14 1961-02-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Stable butyl latices
US3112252A (en) * 1956-08-15 1963-11-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Color improvement of lubricating oils
US3007859A (en) * 1956-08-15 1961-11-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Atomic reactor
US2956938A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-10-18 Du Pont Synthesis of amines
US2905607A (en) * 1957-04-08 1959-09-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of neutron radiation and a cracking catalyst
US2905606A (en) * 1957-04-08 1959-09-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Conversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of neutron irradiation and a hydrogenation catalyst
US3154480A (en) * 1957-08-22 1964-10-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Demetallization of heavy petroleum oils
US2949413A (en) * 1957-11-06 1960-08-16 Dow Chemical Co Process for purifying propylene oxide
US3055814A (en) * 1958-07-30 1962-09-25 Pure Oil Co Naphtha hydroforming by irradiation
US3081243A (en) * 1959-02-27 1963-03-12 Armour Res Found Method of making fluorinated compounds
US3092561A (en) * 1960-01-20 1963-06-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method for producing atomic hydrogen
US3090736A (en) * 1960-01-27 1963-05-21 Dow Chemical Co Insoluble polyacrylic acid salts and method of preparing the same
US3129156A (en) * 1960-03-31 1964-04-14 Continental Oil Co Preparation of vinyl fluorides
US3120478A (en) * 1960-10-06 1964-02-04 Purdue Research Foundation Gamma radiation nitration of alkanes
WO2002083295A1 (en) * 2001-04-13 2002-10-24 Silvio Perona Method for purifying and refining fluids through accelerated electrons
WO2005002721A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-13 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Method for modifying natural and renewable oils by means of ionising radiation

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